Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Safety and operational assessment of cooperative driving systems on roundabouts

Tumminello Maria Luisa, Macioszek Elżbieta, Granà Anna, Giuffre Tullio

Transport Problems

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2024

|

T. 19, z. 2

123--135

EN

This paper presents a simulation-driven method for assessing the safety and efficiency of traffic at roundabouts incorporating connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technology. Utilizing the newly proposed CAV-based factors specified by the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) provided a practical framework for analyzing capacity dynamics across various traffic scenarios. Using microscopic traffic simulation on a roundabout model replicating real-world geometry and traffic attributes facilitated the identification of crucial behavioral parameters. This simulation spanned from smooth traffic scenarios to operational saturation, aiding in the study of mixed traffic scenarios during the transition to increasing CAV presence. Additionally, the study assessed the safety and traffic impact of a dedicated CAV lane using surrogate safety metrics. Aimsun software aided in model parameter calibration, which, combined with the Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM), supported safety analysis. Despite observed enhancements in roundabout performance with CAV integration, the benefits of a designated CAV lane highlighted the potential to reduce conflicts among vehicles. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the overall performance enhancement achieved with CAVs at roundabouts while also providing insights for evaluating the potential of CAV technologies in future mobility management strategies.

2

Enhancing road safety for vulnerable road users - the role of autonomous emergency braking systems

Pełka Małgorzata, Ucińska Monika, Kruszewski Mikołaj

Transport Problems

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2024

|

T. 19, z. 2

95--107

EN

Vulnerable road users are the largest group of road accident victims in the world. At the same time, it should be noted that most road accidents are caused by the motor vehicle driver. An opportunity to increase the level of road safety is emergency braking systems installed in vehicles. Their task is to detect the risk of a collision with another object, issue a warning to the driver and, in the absence of reaction, perform emergency braking. The publication presents the results of research conducted by the Motor Transport Institute as part of the PEDICRASH project. As part of the work, a series of tests of the autonomous emergency braking system were carried out to check unusual but probable cases of events in which it should work. The tests were carried out in a closed area using a few selected models of popular passenger car brands. An additional data acquisition system and dummies imitating vulnerable road users: pedestrians and cyclists were used. The constructions represent the silhouette of an adult person and meet the requirements of the Euro NCAP AEB Protocol. The time of the collision at the time of issuing a warning to the driver was analyzed. Assuming that the vehicle was moving uniformly, the distance from the obstacle was calculated at the time of issuing the warning and after the driver's reaction time (0.7 s and 1 s were assumed) from this signal. The deceleration necessary to brake the vehicle was calculated and it was determined whether the driver would have a chance to brake the vehicle before a pedestrian or a cyclist in a given situation. For cases in which the driver would not be able to brake in time, the speed of the vehicle with which it would hit the vulnerable road users was calculated. Possible injuries and accident costs were then estimated.

3

Na drodze wolniej znaczy na ogół bezpieczniej. Szybcy = groźni

Kopta Tadeusz

Przegląd Komunalny

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2024

|

nr 3

60--63

PL

Z roku na rok spada w Polsce liczba śmiertelnych ofiar wypadków drogowych. To może cieszyć. Nadal jednak sporo zostało do zrobienia - w Polsce liczba ofiar śmiertelnych wciąż jest stosunkowo wysoka, gdy odnieść ją do liczby ofiar w Europie. Rozwiązaniem może być dalsze ograniczenie prędkości ruchu kołowego.

4

Proactive safety assessment of urban through-roads based on GPS data

Ambros Jiří, Elgner Jan, Valentova Veronika, Bąk Radosław, Kieć Mariusz

Archives of Transport

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 1

113--125

EN

Road safety is a worldwide issue, while urban roads account for a high share of serious road injuries, especially involving vulnerable road users, such as pedestrians or cyclists. Specifically, the safety of major roads through built up areas (through-roads) is insufficient due to mixed traffic conditions including vulnerable road users, varying driving behaviour, and many disruptions, which are combined with excessive speed. In this context, various traffic calming measures have been implemented to improve road safety, such as gateways or pedestrian refuge islands. However, the specific safety impacts of traffic calming combined with specific characteristics of through-roads are often unknown, since most traditional evaluations have been limited by small sample sizes of crash data, as well as wide variations in physical and road characteristics. To overcome the limitations of crash-based evaluations, we used the GPS-based data from a sample of 21 Czech and 12 Polish through-roads to develop the Speed-Safety Index, which combines speed, speed variance, and traffic volume. Our study has three novelty features: (1) To assess safety, we used speed and speed variance simultaneously. (2) To complete the missing link between specific traffic calming measures and safety, we validated the statistical relationship between the developed Speed-Safety Index and crash history. (3) To prove the usefulness of the developed index, we also showed its practical interpretation by proving the effect of spacing between traffic calming measures on safety. The index proved to be well correlated to crash frequency and it also proved the effect of spacing between traffic calming measures: the longer spacing, the smaller speed-reducing effect. The paper concludes with a discussion on the limitations, which we plan to address in further research, by moving from the current macro-perspective (Speed-Safety Index on the level of through-roads) to the micro-perspective (focusing on individual directions, locations, and traffic calming measures). We also plan to investigate the method’s applicability in different contexts. If the approach proves feasible, with reliable and valid results, it may become an alternative for a proactive network-wide road assessment, as called for by the European Road Infrastructure Safety Management Directive.

5

The mediating role of personality in the relationship between reaction time and traffic perception in young adults

Mamcarz Piotr, Madlenak Radovan, Pukalskas Saugirdas, Barta Dalibor, Žuraulis Vidas, Droźdźiel Paweł, Pečeliūnas Robertas, Rybicka Iwona, Droźdźiel Paulina

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 2

75--86

EN

The objective of this research was to examine how personality acts as a mediator in the relationship between reaction time and traffic perception in young adults. Given the increase in the number of road accidents among this age group in the European Union, it is essential to understand the psychological determinants of risky driving behavior. A sample of 60 participants from Poland, Slovakia, and Lithuania was assessed using the Vienna Test System to measure personality, reaction time, time-movement anticipation, and traffic perceptions. The results indicate gender differences in self-control personality factor and motor reaction time, as well as a positive correlation between the sense of responsibility and time-movement anticipation. The proposed model was confirmed, demonstrating that mental stability mediates the relationship between reaction time and traffic perceptions. A driver with high mental stability can react faster to stimuli while accurately perceiving objects in road traffic. This study has implications for road safety policies and practices. Incorporating personality assessments into driver training programs can help develop interventions that target specific personality traits. Furthermore, interventions aimed at enhancing mental stability may help reduce the likelihood of accidents among young drivers. However, this study’s limitations, such as the small sample size and narrow age range, should be considered in future research with other age groups and additional variables that directly impact traffic safety.

6

Enhancing mobility: developing a pedestrian solution for locomotion challenges and road safety

Wnuk Aneta, Jankowska-Karpa Dagmara

Transport Problems

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2023

|

T. 18, z. 3

163--164

EN

Orthopedic crutch attachments (caps) are an important but underestimated element supporting the safety of pedestrians, including elderly road users with disabilities. A review of the literature shows that this topic is rarely the subject of research and new solutions. In 2022, the multidisciplinary team of the Motor Transport Institute started multi-stage work to develop and implement innovative multi-functional attachments to orthopedic equipment as an element improving the comfort of movement of this group in various weather conditions. Focus group interviews with potential users, which were a part of the project, indicated the most important features of the selection of such a solution, such as material, anti-slip properties, ease of replacement, durability (low abrasion), ensuring stability, and quiet operation. On this basis, the final prototype of the orthopedic crutch attachment presented in the article was developed. In addition, areas related to road safety and pedestrian safety devices were identified, the implementation and promotion of which could improve the functioning of orthopedic equipment users.

7

A road safety evaluation model in the context of legislative changes

Borucka Anna, Sobecki Grzegorz

Transport Problems

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2023

|

T. 18, z. 3

41--51

EN

Road accidents are affected by various factors, but many of them are not monitored and collected, and some of them are not even known. Important factors that are often overlooked in research are legislative issues and legal changes regulating road safety, which are the subject of the study in this article. As it is extremely difficult to prove a significant influence of these factors and, therefore, to demonstrate that the impact of legislative changes on the number of road accidents is significant, this variable was considered while analyzing the impact of other variables, which, in the authors' opinion, were the most important and, above all, known over the period in question. Day of the week, month, and year are selected. It was decided that other factors influencing the decreasing number of accidents would be included in the trend. With this assumption, the analysis of an additional variable that marks the periods of changes in legal regulations and the confirmation of its significant impact on the number of accidents will allow us to conclude that it is an important element shaping road safety.

8

Spatial analysis of the impact of motor vehicle fires on the urban environment using the example of Warsaw

Szewczyński Krystian

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2023

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Vol. 16, no. 3

181--191

EN

This scientific article is dedicated to the analysis of the impact of vehicle fires on the urban environment. In the context of the dynamic processes of urbanization and societal mobilization, understanding the consequences of vehicle fires becomes exceedingly important for ensuring sustainable urban development and improving residents’ quality of life. The article presents the results of spatial analyses of vehicle fires that occurred within the Warsaw area between 2010 and 2021. In the analytical section, an attempt was made to identify the parts of the city where residents were most exposed to the emission of toxic substances. According to the presented calculations, almost 3 tons of toxic substances are released into the atmosphere every year as a result of vehicle fires in Warsaw. The article also provides information about the materials used in motor vehicles and assesses their environmental impact through the emission of hazardous substances in the event of a vehicle fire. Proposed changes that could minimize the number of vehicle fires in the future are also indicated in the article, thereby contributing to increased road safety levels in the city and positively influencing the environment.

9

Initial assessment of the quality of road surfaces

Szczucka-Lasota Bożena, Waligóra Kamil, Węgrzyn Tomasz, Wszołek Łukasz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

571--578

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to check the quality of the road and classify the selected road on a four-level scale. Design/methodology/approach: The paper outlines the impact of comprehensive road surface quality management on the safety of vehicles and road users. The basic types of road damage were presented, as well as preliminary diagnostics of a randomly selected national road was carried out. Visual tests were carried out to determine: the type and geometry of the pavement damage, the number of damage, the area covered by the damage. In the article the damage indicators were calculated. The results allowed for the assessment of the quality of the tested pavement and its classification on a four-point scale. Findings: The quality of the road surface was assessed and classified as level C. Research limitations/implications: In the future, it can be suggested to change the methodology of investigate the road. It is proposal to using drone with the application. Practical implications: The research indicates the need to plan the renovation of the road surface and suggests changing the surface material from construction asphalt to the new modified asphalt. Originality/value: The article indicates the need to amend the documents and the current methodology of the procedure.

10

Transport safety in road traffic - the condition and preventive measures as assessed by the respondents

Sroka Mariusz

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2022

|

Vol. 4, nr 1

67-75

EN

The article presents basic definitions related to road accidents and types of tests carried out in the field of road accidents. The effects of road accidents on participants, drivers as well as social and direct costs of road accidents were discussed. The correct conduct of people involved in a road accident (incident) was presented. In the research part, the most common causes of accidents in Poland were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the participation in accidents of participants under the influence of alcohol. The article ends with a discussion on the presented research results and the resulting conclusions as well as a proposal for preventive actions to reduce the number of road accidents.

11

Identification of the personality factors of the driver and road safety

Stasiak-Cieślak Beata, Borucka Anna

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2022

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nr 10

15--20

EN

The study presents an overview of the available research results concerning the analysis of the impact of factors characteristic for the behavior of road users that influence road accidents. Intellectual fitness, personality and temperament as well as psychomotor skills were analyzed. The aim of the article is to present the current results in terms of selected psychological factors, i.e. intellectual performance, personality and temperament traits as well as psychomotor performance in the field of road safety. It is also the basis for setting directions for further research in this field.

PL

Opracowanie przedstawia przegląd dostępnych wyników badań dotyczących analizy oddziaływania czynników charakterystycznych dla zachowań uczestników ruchu drogowego, mających wpływ na wypadki drogowe. Analizie poddano sprawność intelektualną, osobowość i temperament oraz zdolności psychomotoryczne. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie dotychczasowych wyników w zakresie wybranych czynników psychologicznych, tj. sprawności intelektualnej, cech osobowości i temperamentu oraz sprawności psychomotorycznej w zakresie bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego. Jest to również podstawa do wyznaczania kierunków dalszych badań w tym zakresie.

12

Materiały odblaskowe do ochrony osób Geneza powstania, zastosowanie, bezpieczeństwo

Głowski Piotr

Promotor BHP

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2021

|

nr 1-2

28--30

PL

Aż trudno uwierzyć, że historia powstania materiałów odblaskowych liczy już ponad 80 lat. Pierwsze prace nad materiałami odblaskowymi zapoczątkowano już w latach 30. ubiegłego stulecia. Jak to się zaczęło?

13

Preliminary safety assessment of polish interchanges

Budzyński Marcin, Tubis Agnieszka, Rydlewski Mateusz

Archives of Transport

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2021

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Vol. 58, iss. 2

99--113

EN

Interchanges are a key and the most complex element of a road infrastructure. The safety and functionality of interchanges determine the traffic conditions and safety of the entire road network. This applies particularly to motorways and expressways, for which they are the only way to access and exchange traffic. A big problem in Poland is the lack of comprehensive tools for designers at individual stages of the design process. This applies to guidelines or other documents regarding the location, choice of interchanges type and selection of design parameters. This does not provide sufficient material for designing safe and functional interchanges. This situation results in numerous hazards that occur on existing interchanges and errors that are still being made at all stages of the design process. Consequently, there is a risk of accidents in the area of interchanges, which often have serious consequences. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to identify main groups of hazards on the interchanges and to classify them based on field tests and audits of project documentation. The prepared classification uses the results of analyzing data on road accidents. As part of the research, a database was built that includes information on road accidents and traffic, as well as data on all existing interchanges on motorways and expressways in Poland. These data includes: interchange type, length of exit and entry lanes, total interchanges length, type of cross-section on main roads and ramps. The number and type of ramps occurring at a given interchange as well as the type of intersections, if any, were also taken into account. Based on the assessment, the level of safety was determined for individual types of interchanges. Then, the impact of selected road and traffic factors on safety was presented. The critical elements of interchanges are entries, exits, weaving sections and intersections. Assumptions were also adopted for the classification of identified hazards. A comprehensive safety assessment for interchanges allowed the development of assumptions for their design guidelines. On the basis of database exploration and field research, the main problems and hazards regarding the functioning of interchanges were identified.

14

Incorrect U-turning of vehicles at intersections with traffic lights

Krukowicz Tomasz, Firląg Krzysztof, Sterniczuk Ewelina

Archives of Transport

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2021

|

Vol. 57, iss. 1

131--145

EN

The article describes the problem of incorrect U-turns at intersections with traffic lights. Statistical data on road incidents related to U-turns are presented. Then, the international, Polish and foreign regulations concerning u-turning at intersections with traffic lights were analysed. The situations in which U-turns are allowed or prohibited are presented. The differences in design rules for junctions with U-turns in different countries have been taken into account. A literature review was also carried out that outlined various current U-turns around the world, including the design of turning places, the location of turning points, road safety when turning, and the impact of U-turns on traffic conditions. The further part of the article presents the results of field tests of the U-turn at 6 intersections located in Warsaw. The research was conducted by video observation. The results were broken down by age, gender, place of registration of the vehicle, type of vehicle, and the effect of incorrect turning. Data on road incidents at the examined intersections were also analysed. Data from the database kept by the Police were compared with the measurement data. A regression analysis was performed between the types of recorded incorrect manoeuvres and the number of accidents at the intersection. The results of statistical analysis carried out do not indicate the existence of a relationship between the number of identified incorrect U-turns and the number of road incidents at intersections. Based on the research, it was found that the phenomenon of incorrect U-turns at intersections with traffic lights is common, and the use of directional (protected) signals does not eliminate this phenomenon. The conclusions indicate practical solutions to reduce the number of illegally U-turning vehicles. The recommended actions are related to the stage of shaping the road network, designing the road geometry and organizing traffic and traffic lights, and auditing road safety, as well as the stage of road operation.

15

Development of models to study traffic accidents on the final sections of access roads to the cities: a case study of three major Iranian cities

Fallah Tafti Mehdi, Roshani Reza

Archives of Transport

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2021

|

Vol. 59, iss. 3

129--148

EN

The final sections of main access roads to the cities require especial attention as the frequency of accidents in these road sections are considerably higher than other parts of interurban roads. These road sections operate as an interface between the rural roads and urban streets. The previous researches available on this subject are limited and they have also mainly focused on a narrow range of factors contributing to the accidents in these areas. The main contribution of this research is to consider a relatively comprehensive range of potential factors , and to examine their impacts through the development and comparison of both conventional probabilistic models and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models. For this purpose, information related to the main access roads of three major Iranian cities were collected. This information consisted of accident frequency data together with the field observations of traffic characteristics, roadway conditions and roadside features of these roads. Various ANN and probabilistic models were developed. The frequency of accidents, i.e. fatal, injured, or damaged accidents, was considered as the output of the developed models. The results indicated that a hybrid of ANN models, each comprised of 10 input variables representing traffic, roadway and roadside conditions, outperformed several probabilistic models, i.e. Poisson, Negative binomial, Zero-truncated Poisson, and Zero-truncated Negative Binomial models, also developed under similar conditions in this study. Moreover, effective roadway width, roadway lighting condition, the standard deviation of vehicles speed, percentage of drivers violating the speed limit, average annual daily traffic, percentage of heavy goods vehicles, the density of roadside commercial and industrial land uses, the density of median U-turns, the density of local access roads, and the effective width of the left-side shoulder were identified as the most effective factors contributing to the accidents in these areas. The developed ANN model can be used as a tool to predict accident rates in these road sections, and to estimate a potential reduction in the accident rates, following any improvements in the major factors contributing to the traffic accidents in these areas.

16

Analysis of the conditions for the exhaustion of the stability margin in the rail track of freight cars with three-piece bogies

Domin Yurii V., Domin Rostysla Yu., Cherniak Ganna Yu., Nozhenko Volodymyr S.

Archives of Transport

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2021

|

Vol. 57, iss. 1

119--129

EN

The research on improvement of methodical approaches to definition of the probable reasons of infringement of conditions of stability of freight cars from derailment is carried out. Using a basic computer model of the dynamics of a freight car, the influence of the characteristics of the technical condition of their running gear and track on the indicators of empty cars stability from derailment was studied through the computational experiment. The article presents the main statements of the research methodology, which provides the analysis of probable causes of derailment of freight cars by conducting a series of numerical experiments with logging the progress of calculations and saving the results. Factor analysis was used to interpret the calculated data with an assessment of each of the factors influence or their combination on the probability of derailment. The developed procedure of the simulation experiment provides a step-by-step study of the freight cars derailment conditions, including factors structuring and ranking, development of experimental plan, calculating coefficients of wheel pairs resistance to derailment from rails, provided that the wheel flange rolls onto the rail head, and determining the degree of influence of relevant factors on the dynamic stability of cars from derailment. A comparative analysis of the stability of cars in rail tracks was performed using the introduced concept of the combined coefficient of stability of wheel pairs against derailment. Determining the probable causes of car derailment is based on scanning the parameter field. The results of the parametric study revealed the degree of influence on the freight cars stability of running gear technical condition characteristics. In particular, it is determined that the most dangerous in terms of stability loss of empty cars in the track is the exceeding of the wedges of the vibration dampers.

17

Identification and solution of safety and operational-economic risks in railway transport

Sellner Karel, Vysloužilová Daniela

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2020

|

Vol. 2, nr 1

112--120

EN

The paper is concerned with the issue of safety and risks in transport with a detailed focus on rail transport. Nowadays, when it is required to prefer safe and environmentally friendly modes of transport, the knowledge of this issue is important. Part of the paper is an analysis of individual risk factors in railway transport. These include risks in the field of railway safety, natural disasters, economic risks, risks in management systems and technical equipment, and risks related to legislative changes. Attention is paid to comparison and evaluation of individual risk factors in terms of severity and probability of occurrence - frequency. Following the analysis and evaluation of the risk level, are suggest possible or optimal ways to resolve them. The outcome of it is to eliminate or minimize them in the railway transport undertaking. The final part briefly describes the current situation in rail transport, recent develop-ments and the main conditions and assumptions for its further development.

18

Where and when do drivers speed? A feasibility study of using probe vehicle data for speeding analysis

Ambros Jiří, Elgner Jan, Turek Richard, Valentova Veronika

Archives of Transport

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2020

|

Vol. 53, iss. 1

103--113

EN

Speed is a critical transportation concept – it is one of the most important factors that road users consider in relation to route convenience and efficiency; at the same time speed has been recognized as the most influential risk factor. To improve speeding analyses, an emerging data source – probe vehicle data (also known as floating car data), may be used. This data enables obtaining information on vehicle speeds, without being limited in time and space. To prove the feasibility of using this data, a study was conducted on a sample of Prague expressway and collector roads. Firstly, probe data sample validity was checked through comparison to a traditional speed measurement technique – average speed control. Secondly, descriptive analysis of speeding was performed, focusing on speeding differences across homogeneous road segments in individual hour intervals. Thirdly, statistical models were also developed to explain which road parameters contribute to speeding. Analysis utilized cross-section and geometry parameters, which may potentially be related to speed choice and driving speed and speeding. In general, the applied concept proved as feasible: particularly night time was found more prone to speeding, and the rates were significantly different between segments. Statistical models indicated the statistically significant influence on speeding: lower speed limit, lower number of lanes, absence of roadside activities, or presence of horizontal curves. Information on these factors may be generalized and used for planning adequate speeding countermeasures. Final discussion also identified and described several challenges for future research, including free-flow speed estimation uncertainty, quality of speed-safety models, and potential multicollinearity of explanatory variables.

19

Traffic organisation problems at non-signalised intersections – case studies of visibility distance and ‘give way’ and ‘stop’ road signs

Duda K., Sierpiński G.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2019

|

z. 102

41--52

EN

The paper analyses traffic organisation at non-signalised intersections. In such locations, the use of correct road signs is crucial. Traffic engineers should consider a balance between traffic fluency and safety. Sometimes, limited visibility necessitates the use of a ‘stop’ sign. The paper includes case studies for selected intersections in the Silesia Province, Poland.

20

Intelligent system for improved safety of pedestrian traffic lights

Evstatiev Boris, Balbuzanov Toncho, Beloev Ivan, Pencheva Velizara

Transport Problems

|

2019

|

T. 14, z. 1

35--43

EN

The high concentration of vehicles and pedestrians at traffic lights makes them a common place for road accidents to occur. The main reason for them is the behavior of vehicle drivers and pedestrians, who often violate the traffic law because of incorrect judgments. This study investigates a special type of traffic lights, which are located on places without roads intersection. In the present study, a concept for improving the safety of such traffic lights is suggested. The method suggests a novel algorithm for the detection of pedestrians, based on image processing and a background pattern. The concept of the detection system makes it applicable in different climatic conditions, such as rain, snow, dust, etc., and offers many advantages over the current situation in Bulgaria. The intelligent system only detects pedestrians in the waiting zones, in order to optimize the traffic problems, such as traffic delays, use by disabled people, protection against troublesome users, etc.