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Environmental changes around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in a marginal part of the Outer Carpathian Basin expressed by microfacies, microfossils and chemical records in the Skole Nappe (Poland)

Bąk K.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2007

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Vol. 77, No 1

39-67

EN

Lithology, microfacies, benthic foraminiferal and bulk chemical analyses of the Spława section in the Skole Nappe, Outer Carpathians (Poland) reflect environmental changes across the Cenomanian-Turonian transi- tion. Biogenic-rich-turbidite sedimentation preceded the organic-rich sedimentation in the Skole Basin, termina- ting in the latest Cenomanian in response to progressive eustatic sea-level rise and to expansion of an oxygen minimum zone. The uppermost Cenomanian black, laminated, organic-rich shale series records the oceanic anoxic event (OAE-2). The benthos-free black non-calcareous shales exhibiting positive excursions of chemical redox indexes are indicative of bottom-water anoxia, interrupted by periods of suboxic conditions with sedimentation of hemipelagic green shales with poor agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages. An extremely low sedimentation rate or even a hiatus and an increase in deep-water circulation causing basin oxygenation resulted in precipitation of a ferromanganese layers and siliceous-manganiferrous variegated shales, as documented by low values of chemical redox indices. However, the lack of benthos and bioturbation, and low values of the Ce/La ratio in the subsequent succession of variegated shales (dominated by green shales) indicate a return to stressed conditions at basin floor with sluggish bottom water circulation, which occasionally resulted in sea floor anoxia with deposition of organic-rich shales. The long-termed well-oxygenated conditions at the basin floor appeared in the Early Turo- nian, as documented by diversified benthic foraminiferal assemblages. The frequency of radiolarian-rich layers and Ba/Al and Ba/Sc ratios increase up-section, reflecting an increase in primary productivity, induced by upwelling circulation.

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Micropalaeontologic, geochemical and cyclostratigraphic approach for the timing of the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event in the Paris Basin (GPF-Sancerre borehole)

Clemence M., Huret E., Bartolini A., Galbrun B., Gardin S., Hinnov L., Beaumont V.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

154-155

EN

The marine sedimentary record of the Toarcian exhibits evidence for a perturbation of the global carbon cycle associated with high burial of organic matter, known as the Early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE). It is accompanied by climate warming, elevated rates of marine faunal extinction and short-lived, strong negative isotope excursion in both oceanic and terrestrial reservoirs. The timing and the pattern of the negative shift in 13C are critical for understanding the possible mechanism of this isotopic event, and the nature and the origin of the Early Toarcian OAE. To improve our understanding of the palaeoenvironmental background of the Early Toarcian OAE, we have investigated the sedimentary record of the GPF-Sancerre borehole from the southern Paris Basin (Cher, France) by integrating geochemical analyses (13Corg, TOC and CaCO3) with synecological analyses of benthic foraminifers and calcareous nannofossils; and assessing the duration of the 13C excursion by cyclostratigraphic analysis using magnetic susceptibility (MS) and CaCO3 data. Our results indicate progressive environmental deterioration from Domerian/Toarcian to a paroxysm coincident with the Early Toarcian OAE (highest TOC values and negative excursion of 13Corg). This deterioration is marked by a high fertility period that precedes anoxic conditions. The OAE coincides with a major crisis in the benthos and with a decrease of calcareous nannofossils. Following this major dysoxic episode, the water column is characterized by a succession of alternating suboxic and stagnation phases that correlates well with positive values of 13Corg. These results attest of a highly perturbed environment, characterized by the presence of opportunist species both in the benthos and nannoplankton communities. To quantify the timing of these events, high resolution cyclostratigraphic analysis is applied to MS and CaCO3 data (sampling interval – 2 cm). Cycles of ca. 0.5, 1 and 2.5 m are observed. The calculation of cycle frequency ratios matches that of the Milankovitch orbital cycles. The duration of the negative isotope excursion can be estimated by counting cycles to 120,000š40,000 yrs. The diminution of cycle thicknesses at the Domerian/Toarcian boundary (353-358 m interval) reflects a decrease of sedimentation rate. We interpreted this result as an evidence for a potentially condensed level. This multi proxies approach is innovative and promising to better understand the water column dynamic during the OAE (nannofossil and foraminifer association), shows that the OAE is a multiphase event (beginnings, acme and recovery) and estimates brief events (<200,000 yrs), follows the sedimentation rate evolution and highlights potential hiatuses (condensed zones).

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Cyclostratigraphy and chronology of the Domerian in the Paris Basin (GPF-Sancerre borehole, Cher, France)

Huret E., Galbrun B., Clemence M-E., Gardin S., Collin P-Y., Rouget I., Boulila S., Trouillefou P.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

172-173

EN

Marine sedimentary successions recording Milankovitch orbital forcing of paleoclimate variations allowed the orbital tuning of Neogene Time scale (Lourens et al. 2004). For Mesozoic times the most recently calculated astronomical solution is not reliable (Laskar et al. 2004) and the only possibility is to provide “floating chronologies” to estimate the durations of geological processes. Detection of orbitally forced cyclicity patterns from Mesozoic sedimentary sections needs analysis of the right palaeoclimatic proxy which has to be easy in use. Most often in marine sediments magnetic susceptibility (MS), which integrates the concentration of magnetic grains, reflect changes in detrital influx and then it can be used as a palaeoclimatic proxy (Mayer & Appel 1999). Thus MS variations analysis of thick Mesozoic sedimentary successions is probably the easiest paleoclimatic proxy to use, fast and allowing high stratigraphic resolution that would be difficult to obtain with conventional methods. Such methodology was already successfully used for analysis of Jurassic successions (Weedon et al. 1999). We report a cyclostratigraphic analysis of MS record from the Domerian (Upper Pliensbachian, Lower Jurassic) recovered in the GPF-Sancerre borehole (southern Paris Basin, France). The Domerian formation is composed of marly-limestones and marls, and is 50 meters thick. The recovery is almost 100%. The Spinatum and Margaritatus ammonite zones are well recognized, as well as nannofossils and benthic foraminifers datums. High resolution (2 cm spacing) MS measurements were realized with a Bartington MS2-E1 sensor. MS variations are in accordance with lithology: very weak values in marly-limestones, higher values when the clays percentage increase. Long term evolution of MS allow to establish a sequential interpretation. The high frequency variations of MS were the subject of a cyclostratigraphic study by spectral analysis and the realization of amplitude spectrum. Cycles of 0.4, 1, 2 and 6.5 m thick were recognized. Using the methodology of frequency ratios, these cycles are interpreted to record orbital precession, obliquity and eccentricity (100 and 400 ky), respectively. Thus, the duration of the Domerian and the different ammonite zones can be estimated. Moreover, the realization of amplitude spectrum allows to estimate the sedimentation rate evolution and to interpret the cycle evolution breaks as hiatuses. As a matter of facts we observed in the Upper Domerian a significant decrease of cycle’s thickness that we interpreted as a drop of sedimentation rate and probably as a condensed level (Clemence et al. this volume).