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Cost comparison of different configurations of a hybrid energy storage system with battery-only and supercapacitor-only storage in an electric city bus

Wieczorek M., Lewandowski M., Jefimowski W.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

2019

Vol. 67, nr 6

1095--1106

This paper proposes four different cost-effective configurations of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) in an electric city bus. A comparison is presented between a battery powered bus (battery bus) and supercapacitor powered bus in two configurations in terms of initial and operational costs. The lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery type was used in the battery bus and three of the hybrids. In the first hybrid the battery module was the same size as in the battery bus, in the second it was half the size and in the third it was one third the size. The fourth hybrid used a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) battery type with the same energy as the LFP battery module in the battery bus. The model of LFP battery degradation is used in the calculation of its lifetime range and operational costs. For the NMC battery and supercapacitor, the manufacturers’ data have been adopted. The results show that it is profitable to use HESS in an electric city bus from both the producer and consumer point of view. The reduction of battery size and added supercapacitor module generates up to a 36% reduction of the initial energy storage system (ESS) price and up to a 29% reduction of operational costs when compared to the battery ESS. By using an NMC battery type in HESS, it is possible to reduce operational costs by up to 50% compared to an LFP battery ESS.

Alternatywne napędy autobusów w publicznym transporcie zbiorowym

Krawiec K.

Logistyka

2014

nr 4

W związku z wyczerpującymi się zasobami naturalnymi oraz zwiększającymi się restrykcjami w zakresie ochrony środowiska pojawiła się potrzeba opracowania technologii stanowiących alternatywę dla silnika Diesla. Utworzenie konkurencyjnego i zasobooszczędnego systemu transportu jest jednym z celów Unii Europejskiej, zapisanym m. in. w Białej Księdze Transportu 2011. W artykule przedstawiono charakterystyki autobusów z napędem hybrydowym, elektrycznym i wodorowym oraz możliwości ich zastosowania w publicznym transporcie miejskim, jak również przykłady implementacji autobusów korzystających z alternatywnych źródeł napędu.

As a result of an exhaustible natural resources and the increasing restrictions for environmental protection there is a need to develop the technology as an alternative to the diesel engine. The creation of a competitive and resource efficient transport system is one of the objectives of the European Union, recorded among others in the 2011 European Transport White Paper. The article presents the characteristics of hybrid, electric and hydrogen buses and the possibility of their use in public urban transport, as well as implementation examples of buses using alternative power sources.