Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The use of carrot and apple pomace in the production of healthy snack bars

Łusiak Patrycja, Mazur Jacek, Sobczak Paweł, Zawiślak Kazimierz, Panasiewicz Marian

Agricultural Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 27, No. 1

289--300

EN

In recent years, the increasing popularity of healthy eating brought about a significant increase in the consumption of fruit and vegetables in the form of juices, purees and cocktails. In the process of their production, the byproduct is pomace, which is treated by the food processing industry as waste. Assuming that pomace accounts for only 20% of the raw material used, annually up to 630 000 tonnes of pomace are obtained globally. However, numerous studies have demonstrated that fruit pomace is a valuable source of many nutritious substances. The objective of the study was to develop a compressionbased production technology of apple pomace-based bars, and to assess their quality. Based on the analysis of the structure of produced bars, it can be concluded that their hardness and resistance to cutting does not differ significantly from that of commercial bars made with alternative technology and from different ingredients.

PL

W ostatnich latach, na fali popularności zdrowego odżywiania, znacznie wzrosło spożycie owoców, warzyw, soków, przecierów i wszelkiego rodzaju koktajli (smoothies). Ich produkcja jest bezpośrednio związana z powstawaniem wytłoków. Zakładając, że wytłoki powstałe podczas produkcji soków stanowią jedynie 20% wykorzystywanego surowca, przemysł przetwórczy produkuje aż 630 000 ton wytłoków rocznie. Ponowne wykorzystanie tego surowca stanowi poważny problem dla producentów. Liczne badania dowodzą jednak, że wytłoki owocowe są cennym źródłem wielu substancji odżywczych. Celem pracy było opracowanie technologii produkcji batonów na bazie wytłoków jabłkowych wytwarzanych metodą prasowania oraz ocena ich jakości. Wyniki analizy struktury batonów pozwalają stwierdzić, że pod względem twardości i odporności na krojenie parametry tego produktu nie odbiegają istotnie od parametrów komercyjnych batonów wytworzonych inną technologią i z innych składników.

2

Detailed biostratigraphic scales as based on the palaeobiogenetical approach (an example of the Upper Bajocian – Lower Bathonian ostracod scale of the Russian Platform)

Shurupova Y. A., Tesakova E. M.

Volumina Jurassica

|

2017

|

Vol. 15, no 1

121--138

EN

Two new species of ostracods of the family Progonocytheridae Sylvester-Bradley Camptocythere (C.) lateres Tesakova et Shurupova, sp. nov. and C. (C.) angustius Tesakova et Shurupova, sp. nov. from the Michalskii and Besnosovi ammonite zones (Upper Bajocian – Lower Bathonian, Middle Jurassic) of the Sokur section (Saratov) are described. The changes in ontogenesis in the phylogeny of Camptocythere (C.) lateres Tesakova et Shurupova in the stratigraphical interval corresponding to the Palaeocytheridea kalandadzei ostracod Zone, and especially to the beds with C. (C.) lateres, have been studied. The levels of the change in the predominant type of sculpture (corresponding to evolutionary boundaries) are recognized in the sculpture development among the adult representatives of the species in its phylogeny. This palaeobiogenetic (heterochrony) approach allows subdivision of the beds with C. (C.) lateres into three stratigrapical intervals characterized by changes in the type of sculpture.

3

Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous foraminiferal biozonation of the Amran Group, eastern Sana’a Basin, Yemen

Al-Wosabi M., El-Anbaawy M., Al-Thour K.

Geologos

|

2017

|

Vol. 23, No. 2

75--87

EN

Two sections of strata assigned to the Amran Group at Jabal Salab and Jabal Yam in the eastern Sana’a governorate were sampled and correlated. These sections are part of a carbonate platform that extends from the city of Marib in the east to Naqil Ibn Ghailan, 20 km east of the city of Sana’a to the west. Palaeontological analysis of samples recovered has resulted in identification of 123 foraminiferal species, which are used to subdivide the sequence of the Amran Group into five biostratigraphic zones, aged between Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) and Berriasian (Early Cretaceous). The proposed biozones are those of Riyadhella rotundata, Kurnubia jurassica, Ammomarginulina sinaica, Alveosepta jaccardiand Pseudocyclammina sulaiyana/Furitilla caspianseis. These biozones were constructed and correlated with the equivalent zones reported from several localities.

4

Life span and growth rate of Middle Jurassic mesohibolitid belemnites deduced from rostrum microincrements

Wierzbowski H.

Volumina Jurassica

|

2013

|

Vol. 11, no. 1

1--18

EN

The microincrements of nine Middle Jurassic mesohibolitid belemnite rostra (Hibolithes jurensis, Pachybelemnopsis fusiformis and Pachybelemnopsis “subhastatus”) were analysed to measure the ontogenic age and growth rate of the belemnites. The microincrements are interpreted to have been formed daily based on analogy with extant coleoid cephalopods and the frequency of circadian rhythms in animal activity. The mesohibolitid belemnites are found to have had a short life span of ca. 1 year. The short life span of the belemnites studied is similar to the life span of modern coleoids (squids, cuttlefishes and common octopuses). It restricts the utility of belemnite rostra as a proxy for average secular seawater temperatures and chemistry. Short-lived cycles (2–8 days) in the belemnite growth rate are linked to variations in the metabolic activity of these animals. Minor diagenetic alteration revealed by the dull cathodoluminescence of some rostra is found to have no effect on the preservation of the growth rings.

5

Palynofacies from Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland, with special emphasis on sporomorph eco-groups

Gedl P., Ziaja J.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2012

|

Vol. 62, no. 3

325-349

EN

The palynological organic matter of dark clays from Bathonian ore-bearing clays exposed at Gnaszyn (Częstochowa, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland) consists of high proportions of land-derived particles; aquatic elements (mainly dinoflagellate cysts) are comparatively rare. Terrestrial particles include black opaque phytoclasts, dark brown phytoclasts, cuticle remains and subordinate sporomorphs. The latter are represented by eighty-four taxa of spores and pollen grains. They represent various groups of plants, including Bryophyta, Sphenophyta, Lycophyta, Pteridophyta, Pteridospermophyta, Cycadophyta or Ginkgophyta and Coniferophyta. The most frequent sporomorphs in almost all samples from Gnaszyn are Callialasporites (Araucariaceae), Cerebropollenites and Perinopollenites elatoides (Taxodiaceae) pollen grains, fern spores with triradiate tetrad mark, bisaccate pollen grains belonging to conifers (Pinaceae or Podocarpaceae) and also to Pteridospermophyta. Quantitative analysis of the palynofacies shows fluctuations of particular element ratios, which correlate with lithology. Clay intervals that contain siderite concretion levels yielded lower amounts of cuticles in relation to sporomorphs (mainly pollen grains) and dinoflagellate cysts. Intervals of monotonous clays and silts are characterized by a higher ratio of cuticles in relation to other elements, especially dinoflagellate cysts. Also, quantitative analysis of the sporomorphs shows changes in frequency of the representatives of various plant communities, which coexisted during the Jurassic: Upland, Lowland, River, Pioneer, Coastal and Tidally-influenced. These changes might have reflected sealevel fluctuations, which affected vegetation growing on adjacent land. However, the dominance of Callialasporites pollen grains, which belong to the Coastal community, indicates that the Gnaszyn assemblage was mainly influenced by the seashore vegetation. The high frequency of Araucariaceae pollen grains and the presence of ferns representing the Osmundaceae, Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae, Schizeaceae, Gleicheniaceae and Matoniaceae indicate a warm climate without large seasonal amplitudes during the deposition of the Gnaszyn succession.

6

Palaeoenvironmental significance of iron carbonate concretions from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

Witkowska M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2012

|

Vol. 62, no. 3

307-324

EN

Iron carbonate concretion horizons are characteristic features of the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) claystone-mudstone succession at Gnaszyn. They occur in single horizons, which generally represent the same genetic type. The siderite concretions are the main type of iron carbonate concretions at Gnaszyn; a second type is represented by phosphate-siderite concretions. On the basis of the fieldwork, and their petrographical and mineralogical characteristics, the genesis of the concretions and their palaeoenvironmental significance is discussed. The results of this study (based on the localization, mode of occurrence, mineralogy of iron carbonate concretions and also the textural relationship between the concretions and host sediment layers) suggest an early diagenetic origin of the concretions. The preferential occurrence of the concretion horizons in single layers in the ambient sediments was associated with particular conditions of their deposition and early diagenesis, favored by a slower sedimentation rate and more intense bioturbation, and related primarily to the greater availability of reactive iron ions. From the viewpoint of physicochemical conditions the horizons with iron carbonate concretions in the study area reflect the redox boundary between oxic/bioturbated and anoxic/non-bioturbated zones. The conditions favoring the formation of such horizons was possibly due to longer periods of diminished sedimentation rate when the redox boundary remained in the same position within the sediment.

7

Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of echinoderm assemblages from Bathonian ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn (Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland)

Boczarowski A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2012

|

Vol. 62, no. 3

351-366

EN

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the variability of echinoderm assemblages from Bathonian ore-bearing clays from Gnaszyn. Remains of Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea have been studied from 38 rock samples. The most common echinoderms represented are the crinoids Balanocrinus berchteni and Chariocrinus andreae and a few species of the holothurian genera Priscopedatus, Calclamna, Staurocaudina, Eocaudina, Achistrum, Theelia and Hemisphaeranthos. The echinoderms from Gnaszyn show various life strategies: benthic or epibenthic forms, sessile sestonophages (Crinoidea), motile macrophages (Asteroidea) and detritivores (Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea), infaunal and epifaunal detritus feeders, sediment feeders or rake-feeders (Holothuroidea). Their presence suggests well oxygenated and presumably relatively cold bottom marine waters. The parts of the Gnaszyn section around concretion horizons and characterized by the ubiquitous occurrence of the holothurian Theelia and echinoids were deposited during phases of optimal living conditions with sufficient influx of plant detritus and good oxygenation of the sea bottom. These parts commonly host echinoderm associations dominated by crinoid remains, which occasionally are still articulated (or disarticulated but remaining intact) - this points to a quiet environment with normal oxygenation of the bottom waters but anaerobic/dysaerobic conditions in the sediment.

8

Palaeoecological implications of neoselachian shark teeth from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

Rees J.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2012

|

Vol. 62, no. 3

397-402

EN

Systematic sampling through the Middle and Upper Bathonian strata at Gnaszyn has resulted in the discovery of 13 neoselachian teeth. Systematically, the teeth represent five taxa including Sphenodus sp., Protospinax sp. 1, Protospinax sp. 2, Palaeobrachaelurus sp. and another, indeterminate orectolobiform. The presence of two species of the flattened and bottom-dwelling Protospinax and two different orectolobiforms that are likely to have lived near the bottom, is a strong indication of oxygenated bottom conditions at the time of deposition. The dietary preferences of these taxa included a wide variety of benthic invertebrates. The synechodontiform Sphenodus may have been the first pelagic predatory neoselachian in the Jurassic, equipped with high and slender piercing teeth that formed a tearing-type dentition. The diet of Sphenodus probably included bony fish, smaller sharks and cephalopods.

9

Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts from the Bathonian ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland - a palaeoenvironmental approach

Gedl P.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2012

|

Vol. 62, no. 3

439-461

EN

A succession of Middle-Upper Bathonian (Subcontractus.Retrocostatum zones) ore-bearing clays exposed at Gnaszyn has been investigated for the presence of dinoflagellate cysts. The assemblages are dominated by Ctenidodinium. However, analysis of diversity shows some subtle differences throughout the succession, possibly related to the palaeoenvironmental conditions in the photic zone. Impoverished assemblages, dominated by Ctenidodinium, occur mainly in monotonous muddy intervals. More diverse assemblages, albeit also dominated by Ctenidodinium, occur in intervals which contain siderite concretion levels. The taxonomic composition of the former assemblage seems to reflect slightly restricted conditions in the photic zone, possibly related to a minor reduction in salinity and/or increase in nutrient availability. More diverse dinoflagellate cyst assemblages reflect periods of less intense terrigenous influx and relatively higher, possibly normal, salinity. These changes were possibly caused by variable intensity of freshwater influx into the basin, controlled by sea-level fluctuations. Sea-level changes may be related to migrations of Tethyan water masses, which were probably partly responsible for the composition of the dinoflagellate cyst assemblages.

10

Faunal dynamics of gastropods in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

Kaim A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2012

|

Vol. 62, no. 3

367-380

EN

The succession of gastropods in the Gnaszyn section is quite monotonous and shows significant changes only in the proximity of concretion layers, at least partially because of diagenetic reasons. Otherwise, the section is dominated by gastropods (cylidrobullinids, bullinids, and mathildids) most of which preyed probably on sedentary organisms (polychaetes and/or coelenterates) that possibly flourished on the sea bottom at that time. The other groups of gastropods are represented by larval or juvenile shells. Their presence shows that the environmental conditions that were probably unfavourable for gastropods living directly on the sea bottom most likely because of a soupy substrate consistency, possible oxygen deficiency near the sediment-water interface and/or oxygen content fluctuations. Adult and/or subadult individuals of these gastropods occur only in the higher part of the section, reflecting a time when these conditions improved. A new heterostrophic gastropod species, Promathildia gedli, is described.

11

Faunal dynamics of bivalves and scaphopods in the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

Kaim A., Sztajner P.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2012

|

Vol. 62, no. 3

381-395

EN

The environment at the Gnaszyn section - as deduced from bivalve and scaphopod dynamics - was controlled by the substrate consistency and possibly oxygen deficiency near the sediment-water interface and/or oxygen content fluctuations. The middle part of the section dominated by nuculoid and corbulid bivalves and Laevidentalium-type scaphopods probably reflects a soupy substrate and possibly oxygen deficiency in the sediment. Slightly coarser and better-oxygenated silts in the upper and lower parts of the section offered a less soupy substrate consistency, allowing the development of communities dominated by astartids, byssate bivalves, and Dentalium- and Plagioglypta-type scaphopods.

12

Calcareous nannofossils from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn as palaeoenvironmental indicator, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

Kędzierski M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2012

|

Vol. 62, no. 3

421-437

EN

Qualitative and quantitative studies on calcareous nannofossils have been carried out on the Middle-Upper Bathonian succession of Gnaszyn (Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Częstochowa region). The nannofossil assemblages are moderately or well-preserved and are dominated by Watznaueria britannica; also common are Staurolithites lumina and Zeugrhabdotus erectus. The presence of delicate nannofossil forms together with dissolution-resistant taxa shows that the changes in composition of some of the nannoplankton assemblages reflect original variations. The frequency and diversity changes of the calcareous nannofossil assemblages have been interpreted in relation to fluctuations of sedimentation rate versus changes in trophic conditions within the photic zone. The highest diversity assemblages contain a high percentage of palaeofertility indicators, and are impoverished in the genus Watznaueria. This is interpreted as a reflection of a lower sedimentation rate and more stable, possibly mesotrophic conditions within the photic zone. On the other hand, W. britannica-dominated assemblages with low species diversity may represent more unstable environments with a high influx of terrestrial material related to a high sedimentation rate and a high nutrient influx, i.e. eutrophic conditions in the photic zone.

13

An introduction to the palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland

Gedl P., Kaim A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2012

|

Vol. 62, no. 3

267-280

EN

This paper provides introductory data for multidisciplinary studies on palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays exposed at Gnaszyn, southern Poland. These dark-coloured fine-clastic deposits have been studied for micropalaeontology, sedimentology and geochemistry (published in separate papers within this volume). Brief outlines of the Middle Jurassic palaeogeography of the Polish epicontinental basin and the geology of the Kraków-Silesia Homocline are given. A description of the ore-bearing clays succession exposed in the clay-pit at Gnaszyn is provided, including locations of the sections studied, their ammonite biostratigraphy, brief lithology and macrofossil distribution. The sample positions collected for micropalaeontological and geochemical studies are specified.

14

Copepod-infested Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) echinoids from northern France

Radwańska U., Poirot E.

Acta Geologica Polonica

|

2010

|

Vol. 60, no. 4

549-555

EN

New examples of Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) parasitic exocysts on acrosaleniid echinoid tests are recorded from northern France. These exocysts can be attributed to the life activity of copepod crustaceans and are considered to have been formed as a result of copepod larval settlement in these echinoids by way of the gonopores. Sexual dimorphism is recognised in copepod-infested Acrosalenia spinosa L. Agassiz, 1840, on the basis of size and position of gonopores, those in females being larger and wider apart, those in males smaller and situated subcentrally. The previous stratigraphic range of copepod cysts of this type (i.e., Middle Oxfordian to Middle Kimmeridgian) can now be extended down to the base of the Bathonian (convergens Subzone).

15

Bathonian ammonites of the families Sphaeroceratidae Buckman and Tulitidae Buckman from the Polish Jura Chain (Southern Poland)

Kopik J.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

|

2006

|

Vol. 21

1-68

EN

Early to Middle Bathonian ammonites of the families Sphaeroceratidae Buckman and Tulitidae Buckman have been carefully examined. Specimens were collected from fine grained sediments, which belong to Middle Jurassic "Częstochowa Ore-bearing Clay Formation" of the Polish Jura Chain. Usually ammonites were found within sphaerosiderite nodules. Nodules were collected from numerous clay-pits of Częstochowa suburbs, and from underground mines of Włodowice and Zawiercie regions. Single, well preserved specimen of the rare, Early Bathonian genus Praetulites Westermann (P. rugosus sp. nov.) is the only representative of the family Sphaeroceratidae Buckman. It was discovered in iron-ore mine, in Włodowice, and it represents the youngest known evolutionary member of the genus Praetulites. Family Tulitidae Buckman is widely represented among examined ammonites. It consists of representatives of two subfamilies: Tulitinae Callomon, Dietl, Niederhöfer (genera and subgenera: Tulites Buckman, Rugiferites Buckman, Morrisiceras Buckman and Holzbergia Torrens), and Bullatimorphitinae Callomon, Dietl, Niederhöfer (genera: Sphaeroptychius Lissajous and Bullatimorphites Buckman). New evaluation of the age of subgenera Tulites and Rugiferites is of special interest. Despite previous opinions about their occurrence only within Tulites subcontractus Zone (Middle Bathonian), they have been found within Lower Bathonian of Włodowice, Rudniki, and vicinity of Częstochowa regions. These subgenera were represented by both: new species, and widely known taxa, characteristic for Middle Bathonian of Western Europe. Other representatives of the subfamilies Tulitinae (Morrisiceras, Holzbergia), and Bullatimorphitinae (Sphaeroptychius, Bullatimorphites) were present mostly within upper parts of Middle Bathonian, which confirms previous observations. State of preservation (as sideritic internal moulds with final growth stages of conchs preserved) allowed in many cases to make existing species’ diagnosis more complete.

PL

Szczegółowym badaniom poddano znaleziska dolno- i środkowobatońskich amonitów, należących do rodzin Sphaeroceratidae Buckman i Tulitidae Buckman, pochodzące z serii osadów mułowcowo-ilastych, wchodzących w skład środkowojurajskiej formacji osadowej Jury Polskiej (Polish Jura Chain) częstochowskich iłów rudonośnych. Amonity występowały najczęściej w sferosyderytach, odsłaniających się w licznych gliniankach na obrzeżach Częstochowy oraz w podziemnych wyrobiskach kopalnianych w rejonie Włodowic i Zawiercia. Rodzinę Sphaeroceratidae Buckman, w tym zespole fauny, charakteryzował jeden, dobrze zachowany, pochodzący z dolnego batonu okaz. Należy on do bardzo rzadko stwierdzanego rodzaju Praetulites Westermann (P. rugosus sp. nov.). Znaleziony w kopalni rud żelaza we Włodowicach reprezentuje najmłodsze, z dotychczas poznanych, ogniwo ewolucyjne rodzaju Praetulites. Rodzina Tulitidae była w badanym zespole amonitów znacznie liczniej reprezentowana. Tworzy ją szereg gatunków, często nowych, należących do rodzajów i podrodzajów: Tulites Buckman, Rugiferites Buckman, Morrisiceras Buckman i Holzbergia Torrens (podrodzina Tulitinae Callomon, Dietl, Niederhöfer) oraz taksony podrodziny Bullatimorphitinae Callomon, Dietl, Niederhöfer, na którą składają się gatunki rodzajów Sphaeroptychius Lissajous i Bullatimorphites Buckman. Szczególnie interesująca okazała się ocena wieku znalezionego we Włodowicach i Rudnikach, oraz w bliżej nieokreślonym stanowisku w okolicach Częstochowy, zespołu gatunków z podrodzajów Tulites i Rugiferites. Wbrew dotychczasowym poglądom o ich wyłącznym występowaniu w europejskim środkowym batonie (poziom Tulites subcontractus), znaleziska te odkryte zostały w dolnym batonie. Reprezentowane były zarówno przez nowe gatunki, jak i przez taksony dotychczas uznawane za typowe dla zachodnioeuropejskiego batonu środkowego. Kolejni reprezentanci podrodziny Tulitinae (Morrisiceras, Holzbergia) i Bullatimorphitinae (Sphaeroptychius, Bullatimorphites) zgodnie z dotychczasowymi obserwacjami grupowały się w wyższych odcinkach środkowego batonu. Bardzo dobry na ogół stan ich zachowania (zsyderytyzowane ośródki z końcowymi stadiami wzrostowymi muszli) pozwalał częstokroć uzupełniać dotychczasowe diagnozy gatunkowe.

16

Pedicellarie ze środkowojurajskich iłów rudonośnych i ich znaczenie w strategii życiowej jeżowców

Boczarowski A.

Volumina Jurassica

|

2004

|

Vol. 2, no. 1

141-150

EN

Numerous, well-preserved globiferous and ophiocephalous pedicellariae of echinoids have been found in samples from several brickyards of Central Poland: Gnaszyn and Kawodrza (Częstochowa), Blanowice (Zawiercie), Wrzosowa. This is the first study of the uppermost Bajocian and Bathonian pedicellariae from the Ore Bearing Częstochowa Clay Formation. Four new morphotypes are described. Effectiveness of the defensive echinoid strategy is discussed; the structures observed indicate the presence of poison in some but not all spines and pedicellariae of both living and fossil species. All main morphological types of pedicellariae are compared. Morphotype I of globiferous pedicellariae and morphotype III of ophiocephalous pedicellariae are similar to those from the recent family Parechinidae. Jurassic echinoid Pelanechinus has ophiocephalous pedicellariae reminding morphotype II, as described from the Polish Bathonian.

17

Charakterystyka palinofacjalna najwyższego bajosu i batonu okolic Włocławka

Barski M.

Volumina Jurassica

|

2003

|

Vol. 1, no. 1

7-12

18

Biostratygrafia amonitowa formacji częstochowskich iłów rudonośnych (najwyższy bajos - górny baton) z odsłonięć w Częstochowie

Matyja B., Wierzbowski A.

Volumina Jurassica

|

2003

|

Vol. 1, no. 1

3-6