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Energy Efficient Scheduling Methods for Computational Grids and Clouds

Jakóbik A., Grzonka D., Kołodziej J., Chis A. E., González-Vélez H.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

2017

nr 1

56--64

This paper presents an overview of techniques developed to improve energy efficiency of grid and cloud computing. Power consumption models and energy usage proles are presented together with energy efficiency measuring methods. Modeling of computing dynamics is discussed from the viewpoint of system identication theory, indicating basic experiment design problems and challenges. Novel approaches to cluster and network-wide energy usage optimization are surveyed, including multi-level power and software control systems, energy-aware task scheduling, resource allocation algorithms and frameworks for backbone networks management. Software-development techniques and tools are also presented as a new promising way to reduce power consumption at the computing node level. Finally, energy-aware control mechanisms are presented. In addition, this paper introduces the example of batch scheduler based on ETC matrix approach.

Scheduling of Identical Jobs with Bipartite Incompatibility Graphs on Uniform Machines. Computational Experiments

Duraj S., Kopeć P., Kubale M., Pikies T.

Decision Making in Manufacturing and Services

2017

Vol. 11, no. 1-2

53--61

In this paper, we consider the problem of scheduling unit-length jobs on three or four uniform parallel machines to minimize the schedule length or total completion time. We assume that the jobs are subject to some types of mutual exclusion constraints, modeled by a bipartite graph of a bounded degree. The edges of the graph correspond to the pairs of jobs that cannot be processed on the same machine. Although the problem is generally NP-hard, we show that our problem can be solved to optimality in polynomial time under some restrictions imposed on the number of machines, their speeds, and the structure of the incompatibility graph. The theoretical considerations are accompanied by computer experiments with a certain model of scheduling.

Equitable and semi-equitable coloring of cubic graphs and its application in batch scheduling

Furmańczyk H., Kubale M.

Archives of Control Sciences

2015

Vol. 25, no. 1

109--116

In the paper we consider the problems of equitable and semi-equitable coloring of vertices of cubic graphs. We show that in contrast to the equitable coloring, which is easy, the problem of semi-equitable coloring is NP-complete within a broad spectrum of graph parameters. This affects the complexity of batch scheduling of unit-length jobs with cubic incompatibility graph on three uniform processors to minimize the makespan.

A two-stage flow shop scheduling with a critical machine and batch availability

Gerstl E., Mosheiov G.

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

2012

Vol. 37, No. 1

39-56

We study a two-stage flowshop, where each job is processed on the first (critical) machine, and then continues to one of two second-stage (dedicated) machines. We assume identical (but machine-dependent) job processing times. Jobs are processed on the critical machine in batches, and a setup time is required when starting a new batch. The setting assumes batch-availability, i.e., jobs become available for the second stage only when their entire batch is completed on the critical machine. We consider three objective functions: minimum makespan, minimum total load, and minimum weighted flow-time. Polynomial time dynamic programming algorithms are introduced, which are numerically shown to be able to solve problems of medium size in reasonable time. A heuristic for makespan minimization is presented and shown numerically to be both accurate and efficient.