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EN
The paper deals with the problem of production material flow management. The proper way of logistic tasks management has an impact on the production process effectiveness and the cycle time, which is a very important factor in manufacturing. Reducing the production process cycle time results not only in the ability to provide more customers with orders but also in increasing the level of resources usage (machines, operators etc.). In order to reach the aim of improving production effectiveness, the simulation modeling was used. It is a computer method that supports a decision-making process and allows to perform experiments on production without interfering with the real process. The paper also includes a risk analysis performed to evaluate the imperfections of simulation modeling, based on the rules of fuzzy logic.
PL
Technologia topienia łukiem elektrycznym zastosowana w procesie wytwarzania surowców do produkcji materiałów ogniotrwałych stwarza szerokie możliwości głównie w zakresie kształtowania ich mikrostruktury. Zakłady Magnezytowe „ROPCZYCE” S.A., realizując wspólnie z Wydziałem Inżynierii Materiałowej i Ceramiki AGH w Krakowie projekt POIG POIG Działanie 1.4 „Zastosowanie kruszyw otrzymanych z krajowych surowców alternatywnych w materiałach ogniotrwałych”, opracowały technologię i uruchomiły linię technologiczną dla procesu topienia. Od roku 2014 systematycznie poszerzany jest asortyment gatunkowy wytwarzanych kruszyw topionych. W artykule przedstawiono ich właściwości oraz zastosowania w technologii materiałów ogniotrwałych. Podsumowano także uzyskane efekty w zakresie trwałości wyrobów wyprodukowanych z udziałem wytworzonych kruszyw topionych.
EN
The technology of electric arc melting used in the production of raw materials for the manufacture of refractory materials provides a wide range of possibilities, mainly in terms of shaping their microstructure. Zakłady Magnezytowe „ROPCZYCE” S.A., implementing a project included in Operational Programme lnnovative Economy (POIG) – POIG Action 1.4 „Application of aggregates obtained from alternative domestic raw materials in refractories” in co-operation with the Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics of AGH in Cracow, has developed the technology and started-up the first technological line for the melting process. Since 2014, the assortment of produced fused clinkers has been systematically extended. The paper presents their properties and applications in refractory materials technology. The obtained effects in terms of durability of products manufactured with the use of developed fused clinkers are also summarized.
EN
Sodium benzoate has been used a food preservative worldwide. The effect of sodium benzoate as a preservative in the wastewater treatment was examined from the biogas formation viewpoint. The research was conducted in batch mode reactor systems employing various ratios of activated sludge and solution of sodium benzoate volume. The MLSS of activated sludge used was 12 g/L, while the volume ratios of activated sludge and sodium benzoate ranged from 0 to 100%. The concentrations of sodium benzoate used were 50, 100, and 200 mg/L. The biogas samples were measured every two days for 60 days. The results showed that the volume ratio of activated sludge and sodium benzoate of 60% and 40% was a turning point where the existence of sodium benzoate influenced the formation of biogas. There were significant reductions of biogas formation from 200.6 mL to 66.6 mL, 159.8 mL to 66.0 mL and 130.2 mL to 54.0 mL for the initial SB concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L. The kinetic parameters of the Modified Gompertz equation exhibited the greatest degree of confidence equal to 95%.
PL
Kruszywa topione magnezjowe odgrywają bardzo ważną rolę jako jedne z podstawowych surowców stosowanych w technologii produkcji materiałów ogniotrwałych dla przemysłu stalowego. Ich skład chemiczny i właściwości mają decydujący wpływ na kształtowanie trwałości eksploatacyjnej wyłożeń ogniotrwałych podstawowych urządzeń przemysłu stalowego. Zakłady Magnezytowe „Ropczyce” S.A. przy współudziale Wydziału Inżynierii Materiałowej i Ceramiki AGH w Krakowie w efekcie realizowanego wspólnie projektu POIG Działanie 1.4 „Zastosowanie kruszyw otrzymanych z krajowych surowców alternatywnych w materiałach ogniotrwałych” opracowały technologię i uruchomiły linię technologiczną dla procesu topienia. Dzięki tej inwestycji uzyskano pełną kontrolę nad właściwościami produkowanych kruszyw topionych. W referacie przedstawiono także uzyskane efekty w zakresie eksploatacji wyrobów z zastosowaniem wyprodukowanych kruszyw topionych magnezjowych.
EN
Fused magnesia aggregates play a very important role as one of the basic raw materials applied in the production technology of refractory materials for the steel industry. Their chemical composition and properties have a decisive impact on forming the working life of the fireproof lining of basic devices for the steel industry. Zakłady Magnezytowe „Ropczyce” S.A. together with the Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow, as a results of the common POIG project, Measure 1.4 „The application of aggregates obtained from domestic alternative resources in refractory materials”, developed a technology and launched a technological line for the process of fusing. Due to this investment, full control over the properties of the produced fused aggregates was achieved. The paper presents also the obtained effects in terms of the application of products with the use of the produced fused magnesia aggregates.
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PL
Kruszywa topione magnezjowe stanowią podstawę surowcową współczesnej technologii produkcji wyrobów magnezjowo-węglowych dla stref najwyższego zużycia urządzeń przemysłu stalowego. Zakłady Magnezytowe ,,ROPCZYCE” S.A. przy współudziale Wydziału Inżynierii Materiałowej i Ceramiki AGH w Krakowie w efekcie realizowanego wspólnie projektu POIG Działanie 1.4 „Zastosowanie kruszyw otrzymanych z krajowych surowców alternatywnych w materiałach ogniotrwałych”, opracowały technologię i uruchomiły linię technologiczną dla procesu topienia. W referacie przedstawiono doświadczenia z wdrażaniem technologii topienia komercyjnego koncentrując się na właściwościach otrzymywanych kruszyw topionych magnezjowych w zależności od zastosowanego wsadu. Równocześnie wskazano uzyskane efekty eksploatacyjne dla wyrobów magnezjowo-węglowych wyprodukowanych w oparciu o otrzymane kruszywa topione.
EN
Fused magnesia aggregates constitute the raw materials base of modern production technology of magnesia-carbon products for zones of the highest wear of steel industry installations. Zakłady Magnezytowe ,,ROPCZYCE” S.A. in partnership with the Faculty of Materials Engineering and Ceramics AGH-UST Kraków, as a result of a together realized project POIG Działanie 1.4 „Zastosowanie kruszyw otrzymanych z krajowych surowców alternatywnych w materiałach ogniotrwałych”, developed the technology and set working a technological line of fusion. The experience of implementation of commercial fusion technology is shown in the paper, concentrating on properties of the obtained magnesia fused aggregates depending on the charge used. Exploitation effects for magnesia-carbon products are also indicated, when the products have been manufactured by using the fused aggregates under consideration.
EN
This paper describes the subject of brasses and the method of their production from the secondary raw materials. It focuses on two very important aspects extremely important for today’s world. The first of them is the theme of rational management of materials, particularly metallic scrap. The second issue is the growing importance of products made of brass, which in recent times get also special recognition in medicine. This article presents a proposal for a methodology for calculating the metal charge for brasses of two or more components. It turns out that by using suitable mathematical calculations one can accurately determine the amount of metal charge to obtain a product having the desired chemical composition and desired mechanical properties. Mathematical calculations are also presented in the graphical form for the visualization of dependency and a better explanation of the accepted approach.
PL
Opisano w jaki sposób poprzez brak ustanowienia przepisów dotyczących tak monitoringu jak i zbierania danych o zrzutach z przelewów awaryjnych kanalizacji bytowo-gospodarczej oraz sposobu przetwarzania tych informacji, doprowadzono do sytuacji w której nie jest nawet znana skala wpływu takich zrzutów na Jednolite Części Wód w Polsce. Taka sytuacja nie sprzyja planowaniu i realizowaniu inwestycji w celu zmniejszenia oddziaływania zrzutów awaryjnych na wody powierzchniowe.
EN
It has been pointed out that the Polish law does not consider any rules of monitoring collecting and processing data on discharges from Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSO) and on their impact on recreational waters. As the result of this gap in regulations even the scale of such accidental discharges impact on surface water quality is not known. This does not support, actions on planning; investments oriented on decreasing the total load of pollution being discharged to surface waters.
EN
The use of waste to reduce pollution has been advocated by many researchers. In this study five samples of physically prepared fluted pumpkin seed shell activated carbons (PFACs) prepared elsewhere were successfully used in reducing Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of vegetable oil industry effluents (VOIE). BOD readings of effluent were measured using the Lovibon BOD IR Sensomat while COD was determined by use of PCcheckit COD Vario (Lovibond) consisting of PCcheckit COD Vario photometer and COD reactor ET 108 model. Batch adsorption had better performance (BOD and COD removal of 52 % to 83 %) over column adsorption (BOD5 and COD removal of 35 % to 86 %). Batch adsorption gave better BOD and COD reduction. Though BOD and COD removal varied widely with carbon dose, pH, temperature and contact time the effects of theses factors investigated in the reduction of BOD and COD were complex and difficult to streamlined.
EN
Whey is almost clear liquid which is formed as a residue after cutting cow's milk. In its composition contains about 5% of sugar - lactose, protein and 1% and 0.5% fat, as well as minerals and vitamins. Whey may be about 50% dry milk was-was a part is separated from the whey clot, which is produced cheese or casein. 1 part by volume of the resulting cheese falls nearly 10 parts of whey. Rennet in cheese production and ripening sweet whey is obtained, the production of cottage cheese whey acidic. The resulting large quantities of whey in dairy plants could be environmentally dangerous waste from the manufacture of cheese or casein. Because of the huge loads of organic compounds directly from crude whey-operation to the environment threatens to strong contamination. At the same time whey can be a valuable starting material for further processing, eg in the food industry. One possible means of disposal of whey is its use as a substrate for methane fermentation process. Thanks to this potentially dangerous and onerous for the dairy whey can be converted into valuable biogas energy. In this study analyzed the extent to which the application of ultrasound to condition the whey can improve its performance in the process of anaerobic mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Studies on the effects of ultrasound sonication on the effectiveness of the distribution of acid whey was carried out in five series of varying amounts of energy input during conditioning. After the disintegration of the whey, analyzed its susceptibility to anaerobic digestion in the mesophilic anaerobic digestion. For this purpose, respirometric measurements were performed using, as inoculum anaerobic sludge adapted to degrade whey. With the respirometric test performed simultaneous measurements of anaerobic sludge pH. Research in all series including the control series was performed in triplicate. For statistical calculations used the program Statistica 9.0. The obtained results indicate that by sonication can significantly increase the value of energy produced in the process of anaerobic digestion biogas. Despite the sonication energy inputs, increased production of biogas with high methane content makes it advisable to appropriate preparatory treatments of the substrate. The results of series 4 and 5 with the largest dose of ultrasound energy demonstrated that the amount of energy input must be selected very carefully, and the increase in the number entering the ultrasound does not translates into a linear increase in the production of methane. In the series, with shorter times of exposure to ultrasound was shorter acid phase and increase the rate of formation of biogas in comparison to a series of links.
PL
Omówiono zagadnienia związane z rolą stanu redox w procesie topienia szkieł przemysłowych oraz z oznaczaniem i kontrolą potencjału utleniająco-redukującego (potencjału redox) - jednego z najbardziej istotnych parametrów tego procesu. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na metody określania potencjału redox szkieł przemysłowych. Omówiono i porównano ze sobą metody empiryczne, metodę spektrometryczną oraz metodę online pomiaru ciśnieniowej aktywności tlenu w masie szklanej.
EN
There have been described problems connected with function of the redox-state in the melting process of the commercial glasses and with determination and control of redox potential - one of the most important parameters of this process. Especially, attention has been devoted to the methods of determination redox potential of the commercial glasses. This article describes and compares the empirical method, spectrometric method and method of measurement online of the chemical activity of oxygen dissolved in the glass melt.
EN
We consider the problem of scheduling unit time jobs with release dates on a single machine which can process up to b jobs simultaneously as a batch under on-line setting. There are chain precedence constraints on the jobs. The release dates and the precedence relations of the jobs remain unknown until their arrivals. The scheduling problem involves assigning all the jobs to batches and determining the starting times of the batches in such a way that the maximum completion time of the jobs (makespan) is minimized. In this paper we present an on-line algorithm with a worst-case ratio of radic3 for the problem.
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