The problem of setting out in civil engineering applications has been addressed in the literature for a long time. However, technological development has provided researchers with an opportunity of having other procedures in line with modern techniques in surveying sciences. One of the most important procedures in erecting steel structures, bridges, and precast columns of a building is the accurate placement of the anchorage system in concrete. The traditional method for staking out anchor bolts relies on sight rails, string lines, and tape measure. The precision of this art depends not only on the accuracy of observed offset distances during layout operations but also on the centerline of the anchoring template itself. Nowadays, the process of designing structures is executed using software that can perform a digital plan in CAD environment, where the coordinates of each anchor bolt can be defined. This research presents an accurate approach of positioning anchor bolts based on the second problem in surveying and total station. Error analysis and field application are described to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. However, the results indicate that the developed technique increases productivity, reduces the cost, and improves the positional accuracy.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wstępnych, których celem była analiza drgań płyty podłogowej pojazdu samochodowego. Zarejestrowane sygnały przedstawiono w postaci widm. Umożliwiło to analizę dynamiki zjawisk drganiowych w wybranych pasmach częstotliwości. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na obserwację drgań w zagrożonych pasmach częstotliwości drgań własnych narządów człowieka.
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The paper presents the results of preliminary research, which purpose was to analyze the vibration of vehicle floor panel. Recorded signals are presented in the form of frequency spectrum. This enabled the analysis of the dynamics of vibration phenomena in selected frequency bands. The obtained results allowed to observe the vibration bands in the risk of natural frequencies of human organs.
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