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1

Decolorization of two dyes using white rot fungus P.ostreatus (BWPH) strain and evaluation of zootoxicity of post process samples

Upadhyay Ruchi, Przystaś Wioletta

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2022

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Vol. 15, no. 3

87--94

EN

Synthetic dyes are extensively used in various industries like textile and food industry and are responsible for generation of colored and toxic wastewater. The aim of study was to evaluate decolorization efficiency of White Rot Fungi P.ostreatus (strain BWPH) for dyes belonging to different classes: Anthanthrone Red (anthraquinone dye) and Disazo Red (azo dye) having concentration of 0.08g/l. The Daphnia magna immobilization test was performed to check zoo toxicity of samples during and after treatment. The result show that maximum decolorization efficiency achieved for Anthanthrone Red and Disazo Red dye after 168h was 94.31% and 73.13% respectively. The zoo toxicity test reflects that the pure dyes were much less toxic to D.magna at higher concentration. In contrast, the post process samples were more toxic to organism. It reflected production of toxic metabolites because of enzymatic degradation/biotransformation of dye. For anthraquinone dye, post process sample of 0.25 h was less toxic as compared to 168 h sample. Toxicity Unit was 23.52(class IV), and 2.61(class III) respectively for Anthanthrone Red and Disazo Red post process sample. The conducted research showed high potential of BWPH strain for decolorization dyes belonging to different classes. But the mycelium produces toxic substances during the decolorization process. It may be related to the biodegradation of these substances to toxic metabolites. Further studies have indicated to optimize the process of decolorization.

2

An Approach to Estimate Dye Concentration of Domestic Washing Machine Wastewater

İlkiz Başak Arslan, Beceren Yeşim İridağ, Candan Cevza

Autex Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 2

172--181

EN

This article focuses on developing a methodology which can be used to estimate the concentration of dyestuff released from textiles during domestic laundering, so that further studies involving decolorization of the wastewater from domestic washing machine can be conducted in an attempt to develop eco-friendly domestic washing processes. Due to the complexity of the problem, an approach was adopted so that, as an initial step, synthetic red and blue reactive dye solutions were prepared as representative wastewater solutions using Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Blue 19 dyestuffs for the estimation of dye concentration. This was followed by an experimental work consisting of washing tests involving the calculation of dye concentration in the wastewater obtained from domestic washing machine as well as tergotometer as a machine simulator. For this part of the work, dyed cotton plain jersey fabric samples were used to obtain wastewater solutions. All the dye solutions and the wastewater samples were measured with VIS spectrophotometer, and the maximum absorbance values were obtained at relevant wavelengths. Although the characteristics of absorbance spectra of synthetic and wastewater solutions were very different, the maximum absorbance values of both solutions overlapped at relevant wavelengths. The concentration of the dyestuff was calculated from the absorbance values measured at 540 and 592 nm for the red and blue, respectively. The statistical analysis of the data suggested that tergotometer can be used as a domestic washing machine simulator. Moreover, the regression analysis done for the dyestuff concentration under discussion revealed that the most significant factor was the washing step (main wash or rinsing) (89.5%) followed by color (red or blue) (3.4%) and washing device (washing machine or tergotometer) (1.5%).

3

Biodegradation of Direct Yellow 28, Red 80, and Blue 71 Azo Dyes Using Fungi of the Genus Aspergillus

Korinkova Jaroslava, Vojtkova Hana, Machalicky Oldrich, Pavlikova Marie, Bendakova Nela

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2019

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R. 21, nr 1/2

27--32

EN

This work focuses on biodegradation of industrial Direct Yelow 28 (C.I. No 19555, CAS 800-72-9), Direct Red 80 (C.I. No 35780, CAS 2610-10-8), and Direct Blue 71 (C.I. No 34140, CAS 4399-55-7) azo dyes using selected microscopic fibrous fungi of the Aspergillus genus like A. candidus, A. iizukae and A. niger in aqueous medium. We also attempted to optimize experimental conditions of the biodegradation process and to verify inhibitory effects of dyes at different concentrations on fungi activity.

PL

Niniejsza praca koncentruje się na biodegradacji przemysłowych barwinków azowych Direct Yelow 28 (CI nr 19555, CAS 800-72-9), Direct Red 80 (CI nr 35780, CAS 2610-10-8) i Direct Blue 71 (CI nr 34140, CAS 4399 -55-7) przy użyciu wybranych mikroskopijnych włóknistych grzybów z rodzaju Aspergillus, takich jak A. candidus, A. iizukae i A. niger w środowisku wodnym. Przeprowadzono próby optymalizacji warunków eksperymentalnych procesu biodegradacji i weryfikacji hamującego wpływu barwników o różnych stężeniach na aktywność grzybów.

4

Dynamika sorpcji barwnika Direct Orange 26 na sorbencie roślinnym - kolbach kukurydzy

Tomczak E., Blus M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2015

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Vol. 9, No. 1

347--356

PL

W pracy prowadzono badania dla układu barwnik azowy - sorbent roślinny. Barwnik azowy Direct Orange 26 pochodził z Zakładu Boruta-Zachem Kolor Sp. z o.o. Jako biosorbentu użyto modyfikowanych chemicznie granulowanych kolb kukurydzy. Wykonano eksperymenty w kolumnie, kontrolując w czasie zmiany stężenia barwnika w roztworze i sorbencie. Wyznaczono krzywe przebicia w zależności od stężenia początkowego roztworu, objętościowego natężenia przepływu i wysokości złoża. Na tej podstawie dokonano opisu matematycznego dynamiki sorpcji w oparciu o model prezentowany w literaturze. Stwierdzono możliwość wykorzystania kolb kukurydzy jako obiecującego materiału sorpcyjnego.

EN

The azo dye and plant derived sorbent system was investigated in this paper. Direct Orange 26 dye was acquired from Boruta-Zachem Kolor Sp. z o.o. Corncobs obtained from Chipsi Mais Germany were used as the biosorbent. The changes in the dye and sorbent concentrations with time were measured and used for further calculations. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory fixed-bed column. Sorption dynamics were described by a model presented in the literature. It was found that corncobs can be used as a promising sorbent material.

5

Badania zdolności wybranych szczepów grzybów ligninolitycznych do rozkładu barwników syntetycznych

Przystaś W., Zabłocka-Godlewska E., Grabińska-Sota E., Urbaniak M.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2010

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Vol. 32, nr 3

15-20

PL

Spośród licznych metod usuwania często toksycznych barwników zalecane są metody biologiczne, gdyż nie powodują powstawania kolejnej grupy substancji uciążliwych, przy czym szczególne znaczenie w procesach dekoloryzacji ścieków barwnych mają grzyby. Przeprowadzono badania nad określeniem potencjalnych zdolności 24 wyizolowanych szczepów grzybów (MW11, MW13, MW31, MW34, MW36, MW44, MW45, MW48, MW49, MW60, MW66, MW73, MW79, MW84, MW86, MW103, MW113, MW132, MW133, MW140, MW141, MW143, MW170 i MW171) do usuwania wybranych barwników syntetycznych. W badaniach wykorzystano barwniki fluorenowe (erytrozyna i róż bengalski), trójfenylometanowe (zieleń brylantowa i fiolet gencjany) oraz dwuazowy błękit Evansa. Eksperymenty przeprowadzono na dwóch podłożach YEPG i MSB, w postaci płynnej i stałej. Wyniki badań potwierdziły zdolność szczepów MW11, MW48, MW 60, MW66, MW103, MW113 i MW49 do dekoloryzacji barwników ze skutecznością sięgającą w wielu przypadkach ponad 90%. Stwierdzono, że szczególnie aktywne na obu podłożach były szczepy MW113 i MW49. Wykazano również, że wydajność procesu dekoloryzacji zależała nie tyle od grupy, do której należał dany barwnik, ile od struktury i składu samego barwnika oraz formy podłoża wykorzystanego w badaniach i zastosowanego szczepu. Potwierdziło to konieczność stosowania zestawu różnorodnych testów w badaniach przesiewowych, gdyż wyniki jednego testu mogą nie dać pełnego obrazu potencjalnych zdolności testowanych organizmów.

EN

Of the numerous methods that are in use for reducing colorants (many of the dyes are toxic), preference should be given to biological methods, as they do not produce additional groups of troublesome pollutants. In recent times much consideration has been focused on fungal decolorization of dye effluents. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential ability of 24 isolated fungal strains (MW11, MW13, MW31, MW34, MW36, MW44, MW45, MW48, MW49, MW60, MW66, MW73, MW79, MW84, MW86, MW103, MW113, MW132, MW133, MW140, MW141, MW143, MW170 and MW171) to decolorize the synthetic dyes chosen. Use was made of fluorone dyes (erythrosine and Bengal rose), triphenylmethane dyes (brilliant green and gentian violet), the diazo Evans blue dye, and the following two media, YEPG and MSB (both liquid and solid). The experimental results have corroborated the ability of the strains to decolorize the dyes tested, in many instances with an efficiency higher than 90%. The strains MW113 and MW49 were found to be particularly active regardless of the medium applied. The study has revealed that the efficiency of the decolorization process depends not so much on the group into which the dye has been classified, as on the specific structure and composition of the dye, as well as on the form of the medium and on the strain used in the experiment. This finding substantiates the necessity of using a set of different tests even in the screening experiments, because the results of a single test may not be sufficient for a complete description of the potential abilities of the organisms tested.

6

Toksyczność koncentratów po nanofiltracji rzeczywistych ścieków włókienniczych przed i po procesie oczyszczania w sekwencyjnym układzie anoksyczno/aerobowym

Klepacz-Smółka A., Paździor K., Sójka-Ledakowicz J., Ledakowicz S.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2009

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Nr 3

59-60

PL

Szczep testowy Pseudomonas putida poddano działaniu koncentratów po nanofiltracji (od 2 do 10-krotnie zatężonego) oraz odpowiadających im odpływom z układu bioreaktorów. Koncentraty 8 i 10-krotnie zatężone wywoływały znaczną inhibicję wzrostu badanego organizmu — 80%. Natomiast po procesie biologicznym jedynie odpływ po 10-krotnie zatężonym koncentracie powodował niewielką — 10% inhibicję itnostu mikroorganizmów.

EN

Toxicity of nanofiltration concentrates (from 2 to 10 concentration factors) and effluent from bioreactor systems towards Pseudomonas puti-da was investigated. On the basis of microbial growth their inhibition was assessed. In a case of ten-fold-concentrated concentrate aerobic bioreactor effluents exerted 10% inhibition of P. putida growth whereas the same concentrate without treatment was toxic towards P. putida and inhibited bacterial growth at 80%.

7

Effect of calcination temperature on photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Photodecomposition of mono- and polyazo dyes in water

Mozia S.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2008

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Vol. 10, nr 3

42-49

EN

The presented studies have focused on the influence of TiO2 properties, such as crystalline phase, crystallite size and surface area, on the effectiveness of degradation of azo dyes in water under UV irradiation. Two monoazo dyes: Acid Red 18 (AR18, C20H11N2Na3O10S3) and Acid Yellow 36 (AY36, C18H14N3NaO3S), and one polyazo dye Direct Green 99 (DG99, C44H28N12Na4O14S4) were applied as model compounds. The photocatalysts were prepared from a crude titanium dioxide obtained directly from the production line (sulfate technology) at the Chemical Factory "Police" (Poland). The crude TiO2 was calcinated in air for 1-4h at the temperatures ranging from 600 to 800°C. The BET specific surface area of TiO2 decreased gradually with increasing the calcination temperature. The crude TiO2 exhibited specific surface area of 277 m2/g. In case of the catalysts heated at 600, 700 and 800°C the BET surface area amounted to 62.3-53.3, 33.4-26.8 and 8.9-8.3 m2/g, for the calcination time of 1-4h, respectively. The crystallite size of anatase increased with increasing heat treatment temperature and ranged from 19 to 53 nm, for the temperatures of 600-800°C, respectively. The catalysts annealed at 600 and 700°C contained primarily anatase phase (94-97%), whereas the photocatalysts heated at 800°C were composed mainly of rutile (97-99%). The highest effectiveness of azo dyes degradation was obtained in case of the photocatalyst calcinated for 1h at 700°C. The photocatalyst was composed mainly of anatase (97%) with crystallite size of 27 nm. The most effectively photodegraded was AR18, having the molecular weight of 640.4 g/mol. The most difficult to degrade was AY36 exhibiting the lowest molecular weight from all the dyes used (375.4 g/mol).

8

Dye decomposition on P25 with enhanced adsorptivity

Janus M., Wawrzyniak B., Tryba B., Morawski A. W.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2008

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Vol. 10, nr 2

11-16

EN

The preparation method and the activity of the TiO2-P25/N doped photocatalyst based on commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2 AeroxideŽ P-25 Degussa, Germany) are presented. For the TiO2-P25/N preparation TiO2-P25 and gaseous ammonia were kept in a pressure reactor (10 bars) for 4 hours at the temperature of 200°C. This modification process changed the chemical structure of the TiO2 surface. The formation of NH4+ groups was confirmed by the FTIR measurements. Two bands in the range of ca. 1430 - 1440 cm-1 attributed to bending vibrations of NH4+ could be observed on the FTIR spectra of the catalysts modified with ammonia and the band attributed to the hydroxyl groups at 3300 - 3500 cm-1, which were not reduced after N-doping. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was checked through the decomposition of two dyes under visible light irradiation. The modified TiO2 thus prepared samples were more active than TiO2-P25 for the decomposition of dyes under visible light irradiation.

9

Aminy aromatyczne w opakowaniach żywności. Regulacje prawne w Unii Europejskiej i metody badań

Kolado W., Balcerzak M.

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2007

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nr 2

19-26

10

Spectroscopic investigations of azo-dyes covalently linked to polymers

Łukasiewicz J., Hanyż I., Siejak A., Apostoluk A. A., Wróbel D.

Scientific Bulletin. Physics / Lodz University of Technology

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2006

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Vol. 26

107-113

EN

In this work an azo-dye and the azo-dye covalently linked to polymers dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide were investigated. Absorption, fluorescence, phosporescence, photoacustic and time-resolved photothermal studies were used. The fluorescence quantum yields estimated for all investigated samples were extremely low and phosphorescence was not observed. It suggests that deactivation of excitation energy in radiative processes is unlike. The results of the photoacustic study show that a large part of absorbed energy is changed into heat by fas relaxation processes occurring with singlet states participation. The influence of the polymers presence on the dye ground and excited states was observed.

PL

Przeprowadzono badania absorpcyjne, fluorescencyjne/fosforescencyjne i fototermiczne barwnika azowego DR1 kowalencyjnie przyłączonego do polimerów polimetakrylanu lub polifenylovinylu. Pokazana wpływ obecności polimeru na właściwości stanu podstawowego i wzbudzonego barwnika. Niska wydajność kwantowa fluorescencji barwnika azowego i nieobserwalna fosforescencja wskazywały na brak udziałów procesów promienistych w dezaktywacji stanów wzbudzonych. Pokazana również, że energia wzbudzenia jest dezaktywowana w szybkich procesach cieplnych bez udziału stanu trypletowego barwnika.

11

Biological assessment for degradation process of Direct Black 22 pre-oxidated by hydrogen peroxide and ozone

Gutowska A., Tosik R., Jóźwiak W.K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2006

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Vol. 8, nr 2

62-65

EN

Application of hydrogen peroxide and ozone was investigated for degradation of azo dye Direct Black 22 in water solutions in concentration of 100 mg/dm3. Hydrogen peroxide was applied in the presence of ferrous ions in concentration of 5 mg/dm3 with 2.5 mg H2O2 per mg dye at pH = 3 and 40°C in a batch reactor. High degree of decolorization α > 98% was obtained under the optimal reaction conditions. Ozone was used in the barbotage reactor with a constant volume of solutions investigated at a continuous flow of 15 dm3/h ozone-oxygen mixture with 44 mg/dm3O3. Ozonation caused a nearly complete decolorization of dye α > 99.5% during 7 minutes of ozonation at ozone dose of 55 mg O3/dm3. The impact of dye solutions before and after oxidation by H2O2 and O3 on the activated sludge was investigated with the use of a special program EN ISO 8192. The program included inhibition I = (R(B)-R(T))/R(B) (R(B) and R(T) - the rates of oxygen consumption of blank and controlled samples). In the case of the investigated dye solutions, if the inhibition (I) had values significantly higher than 0.1 or lower than 0.1, the dye harmfully or advantageously influenced the activated sludge. Raw dye solution had inhibition I value < 0.1 and no negative effect on the activated sludge was recorded. Some positive impact appeared as a result of pre-oxidation by hydrogen peroxide because I values decreased, which had a positive stimulating effect. The ozonation had an increasing inhibition effect.

12

Synthesis of some azo disperse dyes by the use of focused microwave heating

El-Apasery M. A.

Polish Journal of Applied Chemistry

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2006

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Vol. 50, nr 3-4

75-81

EN

The synthesis of new azo disperse dyes by healing of diazoaminobenzene with active methylene compouds under focused microwave heating in acetic acid solution, in the presence of few drops of hydrochloric acid were described. The dyeing of polyester fabrics with disperse dyes by using of high temperature dyeing method a: 130°C and carrier dyeing method were also used. In order to ascertain the relation between the dyeing properties of polyester fabrics and dye uptake, the fastness properties of dyed fabrics such as light, washing, perspiration and rubbing were measured.

13

Manganese (II)-1,10-phenanthroline-azo dye-potassium periodate system for kinetic spectrophotometric determination of nanogram levels of manganese

Mutaftchiev K. L.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Chemistry

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2001

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Vol. 49, No. 3

193-201

EN

The catalytic effect of manganese (II) on the oxidation of l,3-dimethyl-2 [4-N (N,N-dimethylamino) phenylazo] imidazolium perchlorate, with potassium periodate in the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline in weakly acidic media is studied. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in the absorbance of the dye at 540 nm. A kinetic method for determination of manganese (II) is developed. Manganese (II) in the range 0.1-4.5 ng cm(-3) can be determined by the fixed-time method. The detection limit is 0.03 ng cm(-3), and the RSD is 1.0% for 2 ng cm(-3). The method is extremely sensitive, highly selective, and simple. It was applied to the determination of manganese in walnuts, monkey-nuts, and hazel-nuts. This is the first attempt to apply a kinetic method to determine manganese in these nuts. The results showed good agreement with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.