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Heavy metal content and histopathology of the tissues of the yellow-necked mice(Apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) as an exposure indicato of environmental pollution in Małopolska province

Gdula-Argasińska J., Dąbrowski Z., Witkowska-Pelc E., Sawicka-Kapusta K.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2005

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Vol. 12, nr 11

1213-1220

EN

Yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis, Melchior 1834) and bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus, Schreber 1780) were trapped in eight forest sites of Małopolska province. Heavy metals (cadmium, lead) content were analyzed in livers and kidneys of rodents. Also Some histopathology of liver and kidney tissues were investigated. It was shown from the analysis that high metals concentrations were detected in animals from Ojcowski Natinal Park, Olkusz Porest, Bonarka, Rajsko and Wola Rzędzińsk,a - sites under anthropopressure. Many histopathological changes were found in tissues of mice and voles from Olkusz Porest and from Ojców NP, and also heavy metals concentrations were high in tissues of animals from these-sites. Mice and voles from the agglomeration sites accumulated high level of metals. This project allowed to assessing physiological condition of mammals from medium and strongly polluted areas. Prom the data it was observed that rodents with the short life-span so with the short time of exposure had worse physiological condition which may be caused by contaminants.

PL

Przedmiotem badań była ocena wpływu metali ciężkich na organizmy myszy leśnych (Apodemus flavicollis, Melchior 1834) i nornic rudych (Clethrionomys glareolus, Schreber 1780) odłowionych w wybranych ekosystemach leśnych Małopolski o różnym stopniu zanieczyszczenia. Analizowano poziom metali ciężkich (kadmu i ołowiu) w wątrobach i nerkach odłowionych gryzoni, wykonano również analizy histologiczne. Analizując rezultaty, stwierdzono, że najwyższe poziomy metali ciężkich zakumulowały gryzonie odłowione w Ojcowskim PN, lasach olkuskich, Bonarce, Rajsku i w Woli Rzędzińskiej - miejscach pozostających pod wpływem antropopresji. U myszy leśnych i nornic rudych pozyskanych w Ojcowskim PN i w lasach olkuskich wykazano zmiany histopatologiczne wątrób i nerek, jak również najwyższe koncentracje kadmu i ołowiu w tych narządach. Zwierzęta pochodzące z terenów przemysłowych charakteryzowały się większą akumulacją metali w poszczególnych tkankach i zmianami histopatologicznymi wątroby i nerek w porównaniu ze zwierzętami z terenów mniej zanieczyszczonych. Można stwierdzić, że gryzonie, charakteryzujące się krótkim okresem życia, a więc również krótkim okresem ekspozycji, wykazują zdecydowanie gorszą kondycję fizjologiczną. Świadczy to o niekorzystnych warunkach ich życia, nawet w średnio zanieczyszczonych terenach.

2

Characteristics of Clethrionomys glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis individuals recruited to isolated populations on Crabapple Island (Masurian Lake District, Poland)

Dudek D., Alcheikh B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 1

57-68

EN

Crabapple Island, a 4-ha island covered with a mixed forest dominated by Tilio-Carpinetum Traczyk 1962, is situated on Lake Bełdany (53 stopnie 42 min.N, 21 stopni 35 min. E) at a distance of about 120 m from the mainland. Materials were collected by using the CMR (catch-mark-release) method during five 7-day censuses conducted each year in 1994-1998. The recruitment of new individuals to the trappable part of the bank vole and yellow-necked mouse populations was compared with respect to the number of new-captured individuals, their age, and reproductive status. The age of new-captured individuals was estimated from growth curves. It was observed that when the populations of the two species were more abundant, the first-captured individuals were older than when population numbers were lower. The proportion of mature individuals (including pregnant females) in the groupm of all individuals captured for the first time was higher for the yellow-necked mouse than for the bank vole (48 and 15%, respectively). In both species, the number of mature new-captured individuals was negatively correlated with the total number of conspecific females present in the population. In the case of the bank vole (probably also of the yellow-necked mouse), this may be related with territoriality of mature females. As yellow-necked mice were first captured at an older age than bank voles, this may be a source of errors in estimates of numbers of immature individuals and, consequently, in the analysis of the population structure of this species.

3

Cadmium and lead concentrations and histopathological analysis of tissues of rodents from within the neighbourhood of steelworks and zinc smelters

Damek-Poprawa M., Dąbrowski Z., Sawicka-Kapusta K.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2002

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Vol. 9, nr 10

1193--1198

EN

Bank voles Clethrionomys glareolus and yellow-necked mice Apodemus flavicollis were caught and taken from the neighbourhood of the Lucchini Steelworks in Warsaw and the Sendzimir Steelworks in Krakow. Rodents were also caught near two zinc works in the Upper Silesia region, namely in Bukowno and Miasteczko Slaskie. Borecka forest in the north of Poland was chosen as the control area. Pb and Cd concentrations in the liver, kidneys, femurs and testes were determined. The statistically significantly highest concentration of lead (173 µg ּ g-1) was found in the femurs of the yellow-necked mice from Bukowno. The highest concentrations of cadmium were found in the kidneys of the bank voles and of the yellow-necked mice also from Bukowno: there were 33 µg Cd ּ g-1 and 23,6 µg Cd ּ g-1 respectively. Iron, copper and zine levels in tissues were also analysed, but their concentrations did not exceed the established critical values. Histomorphological changes were examined in the livers and kidneys of rodents trapped in the areas surrounding steelworks and zine smelters. The tissues of rodents from the control area showed no damage.

PL

W sąsiedztwie dwóch hut stali: Huty im. T. Sendzimira w Krakowie i Huty Lucchini – Warszawa w Warszawie oraz dwóch hut cynku: w Bukowinie i w Miasteczku Śląskim przeprowadzono odłowy nornic rudych Clethrionomys glareolus i myszy leśnych Apodemus flavicollis. Puszcza Borecka wybrana została jako teren kontrolny. Zbadano poziomy ołowiu, kadmu, żelaza, cynku i miedzi wątrobach, nerkach, kościach i jądrach odłowionych zwierząt. Statystycznie istotnie najwyższe stężenie ołowiu (173 µg ּ g-1) odnotowano w kościach myszy leśnych z Bukowna. Najwyższe koncentracje kadmu stwierdzono w nerkach nornic rudych (33 µg ּ g-1) i myszy leśnych (23,6 µg ּ g-1) również z okolic Bukowna. Podlegające homeostatycznej regulacji poziomy pierwiastków fizjologicznych (Fe, Zn, Cu) nie przekroczyły wartości krytycznych. Przeanalizowano zmiany histopatologiczne powstałe pod wpływem ołowiu i kadmu w wątrobach i nerkach gryzoni odłowionych w sąsiedztwie hut stali i hut cynku. W tkankach zwierząt pochodzących z terenu kontrolnego nie stwierdzono żadnych uszkodzeń.

4

Trappability of Clethrionomys glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis inhabiting Crabapple Island, Masurian Lakeland, Poland

Alcheikh B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2001

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Vol. 49, nr 4

407-425

EN

Populations of two rodent species were studied during 1996-1998 on a 4-ha island covered with a mixed forest. Population sizes varied within and between years. In total, the material consisted of 10 839 captures of 1925 bank volesand 2941 captures of 881 yellow-necked mice. The redonts were categorised as immature males, mature males, immature females, mature non-pregnant females, and mature pregnant females. It has been found that the weather did not influence trappability (measured as the reciprocal of the mean time that elapsed between successive captures of a bank vole or a yellow-necked mouse. The trappability of different categories of individuals was related to the social systems of the two species. This is indicated by the dependence of the trappability of all categories of individuals on the population size (it was lowest at the highest population numbers), and also by the dependence of trappability on body weight (positive in male voles and negative in male mice). The trappability of immature females and mature males of the bank vole increased with increasing home range size, whereas in other categories of individuals, like in all categories of the yellow-necked mouse individuals, an increase in home range size was not accompanied by changes in trappability. Thus, there is no trappability typical of the whole order of rodents; it should always be related to the species and to the character of its social system.

5

Demography of Clethrionomys glareolus in Belgium

Verhagen R., Leirs H., Verheyen W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2000

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Vol. 48, Suppl.

113-123

EN

Bank vole populations were followed for several years on two grids (on a fenced grid, preventing dispersal during 11 years and on an open grid for 7 years) using standard Capture-Mark-Recapture methods. The collected data allow us to obtain a good knowledge on several demographic processes within populations. Here we focus mainly on reproduction. On both grids we observed strong seasonal and inter-annual variations in the density of bank voles, characteristic for non-cyclic bank vole populations. The inter-annual variation in the dynamics of bank vole populations in Belgium were to a great extend mast-dependent. The influence of heavy seed crops on demographic parameters was different for the two sexes. Winter survival of males was much better in years with heavy mast crops whereas no such relation could be found for females. During the breeding period, several reproductive traits varied considerably between years and seasons and some of them can be directly related to density (f.i. maturation rate, pregnancy rate). In years with low densities demographic traits are most variable, especially in females, and other factors than density could have overriding effects.