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1

Path Interval and Its Relevance to Cutting Force in Ball and Filleted End Milling

Sekine Tsutomu

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 1

85--94

EN

Computerized milling process is widely used in product manufacturing. Although manufacturing has gradually become highly-automated, the selection of machining conditions still remains an ever-present challenge in the process. To provide some findings contributable for the process planning, this study focuses on ball and filleted end milling. After brief explanations were given to the path interval determinations in both milling processes, the experiments were conducted to verify and characterize each procedure. The results of computational procedures showed good agreement with the experimental ones. Then, material removal rate and cutting force were analytically proposed for effective selection of machining conditions. The following findings were obtained from the demonstrations with discussion. Ball end milling required relatively large cutting force in the first tool path even though the material removal rate was comparatively small. On the contrary, filleted end mill enabled us to maintain a moderate cutting force in the first tool path even if the material removal rate expanded with increasing tool radius.

2

Comparison of surface topography after lens-shape end mill and ball endmill machining

Żurek Piotr, Żurawski Karol, Szajna Artur, Flejszar Rafał, Sałata Marcin

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2021

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nr 4

9--15

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań porównawczych topografii powierzchni uzyskanych po obróbce przedmiotu frezem kulistym oraz soczewkowym. Analizę przeprowadzono dla różnych wartości szerokości skrawania ae oraz prędkości posuwu fz. Wyniki badań obejmują porównanie map topografii powierzchni oraz parametrów chropowatości. liniowych i powierzchniowych. W wyniku badań wykazano. że zastosowanie freza soczewkowego pozwala na uzyskanie zbliżonych wartości parametrów topografii powierzchni jak po obróbce fezem kulistym. osiągając przy tym ponad dwa razy większą wydajność obróbki. W rezultacie wykazano potencjał zastosowania frezów soczewkowych w operacjach wykończeniowych jako użytecznej alternatywy dla narzędzi kulistych.

EN

The article presents the results of comparative investigations concerning surface topography obtained as a result of machining the workpiece with ball end and lens-shape end mills. The analysis was conducted for various values of width of cutting ae and feed speed fz. The research results include the comparison of surface topography maps and parameters of linear and surface roughness. It was shown. as a result of the research. that the use of lens-shape end mill allows to obtain similar values of surface topography parameters to the obtained values in machining with ball end mill. while achieving more than twice the efficiency of machining. As a result. there was demonstrated the potential for the use of lens-shape end mills in finishing operations as a useful alternative to ball end mills.

3

Comparative Study on Path Interval and Two Tool Condition Parameters in Ball and Filleted End Milling

Sekine Tsutomu

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 15, no 4

311--320

EN

Milling is widely used as a versatile, highly automated manufacturing process. The selection of tool and its machining conditions is an ever-present challenge inherent in the process. To provide some findings contributable for the process planning, this study focuses on ball and filleted end milling. After the path interval determinations were explained briefly, the characteristics of each procedure were revealed with experimental verifications. The results of computational procedures showed good agreement with the experimental ones. Then, predominant frictional distance and cutting speed were proposed for effective selection of machining conditions. The discussion was given based on the results obtained from the demonstrations. Moreover, the relationships to path interval were elucidated through the discussion. In conclusion, several outcomes were organized from the experimental and numerical evidences.

4

Strategia sekwencyjnej obróbki powierzchni o zmiennej krzywiźnie z zastosowaniem frezów kulistych i elastycznych krążków ściernych

Plichta J., Baran J.

Mechanik

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2016

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R. 89, nr 8-9

1082--1083

PL

Przedstawiono koncepcję strategii obróbki kształtującej i wygładzającej powierzchni o zmiennej krzywiźnie. Celem autorów było zminimalizowanie łącznego czasu obróbki z uwzględnieniem nierówności powierzchni po frezowaniu frezem kulistym i jej wygładzaniu krążkiem ściernym z agregatami Trizact™.

EN

The article presents the concept of the strategy of shaping and sanding process of the free form surfaces. The main aim is the minimization of the sum of machining time with the consideration of surface roughness after ballend milling process and sanding process with abrasive discs with Trizact™ grains.

5

Surface roughness of hardened steel after ball end milling with various surface inclination

Wojciechowski Sz., Twardowski P., Chwalczuk T.

Archives of Mechanical Technology and Automation

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2013

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Vol. 33, no. 1

55--64

EN

The work presented here, concentrates on the analysis of surface roughness after ball end milling with various surface inclination angle α and feed per tooth value fz. Experiments were carried out on hardened alloy steel (X153CrMoV12) plate with hardness approximately 60 HRC. Surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, RSm) were measured after the milling process in the range of the investigated kinematic parameters ((&alpha, fz), parallel to the feed motion direction. Measurements were made using surface profiler. On the basis of carried out research, the relevance analysis of the investigated factors (&alpha, fz) on the surface roughness was made. The research revealed, that in ball end milling process, both surface inclination angle a and feed per tooth fz have significant influence on the surface roughness parameters Ra, Rz values. In case of surface inclination angle this influence is described by a non-monotonous dependency. It was also found, that the dominative factor in the surface texture generation was not feed per tooth fz (according to kinematic-geometric model) but feed per revolution f, related to the dynamical cutter displacements.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę chropowatości powierzchni otrzymanej podczas frezowania frezem kulistym zahartowanej stali stopowej (X153CrMoV12) o twardości około 60 HRC w zakresie zmiennych posuwów fz i kątów pochylenia osi frezu &alpha . Parametry chropowatości powierzchni (Ra, Rz, RSm) zmierzono profilografometrem, równolegle względem wektora kierunku ruchu posuwowego, w zakresie badanych parametrów kinematycznych (&alpha, fz). Z badań wynika, że kąt pochylenia osi frezu a oraz posuw fz mają istotny wpływ na wartości parametrów chropowatości Ra, Rz. Wpływ kąta pochylenia osi frezu &alpha jest opisany zależnością niemonotoniczną. Zaobserwowano również, że dominującym czynnikiem w kształtowaniu mikronierówności powierzchni nie jest posuw na ostrze fz (zgodnie z modelem kinematyczno-geometrycznym), lecz posuw na obrót f, związany z przemieszczeniami części roboczej narzędzia.