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1

The impact of fatigue on static balance in people with chronic ankle instability

Kowalczyk Małgorzata, Truszczyńska-Baszak Aleksandra

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2023

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Vol. 25, no. 1

151--160

EN

: The aim of the study was to assess static postural stability under fatigue in subjects with chronic ankle instability – “copers” in comparison with healthy controls. Methods: We conducted a prospective study on a group of 60 young, physically active subjects, divided into 3 groups: I – 14 subjects with unilateral ankle instability, II – 15 subjects with bilateral ankle instability, III – 31 healthy subjects, without ankle instability. The fatigue trial was based on modified Short-Term Fatigue Protocol. Static stabilography was performed with the use of HUR platform. Results: showed an increase in the value of COP trace length after fatigue test in study population I. The level of COP trace length Z before fatigue was significantly lower than after fatigue. Subjects from study population I had higher levels of COP trace length Z in comparison with the control group. The main effect for the group also proved to be significant. Study population I had higher levels of COP trace length Z in comparison with the control group. For the measurement after fatigue, there was significant difference only between the study population I and the control group. Conclusions: The incidence of structural ankle instability was not correlated with functional instability. Subjects with ankle instability, or “copers”, had good functional levels, enabling them to perform sports activities. “Copers” had weakened proprioception in static stabilography tests. Short and intense fatigue protocol weakened the ability to maintain balance in static stabilography test with eyes closed.

2

General muscle fatigue changed joint regulations in static and dynamic balance

Babayi Masumeh, Najafabadi Sayed Mohsen Mortazavi, Ashtiani Mohammed N., Grzelczyk Dariusz

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2023

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Vol. 25, no. 2

125--132

EN

This study was aimed at investigating the joint regulations and body sway after general muscle fatigue during tasks that involve both static and dynamic balance. This cross-sectional study used motion analysis to ascertain the kinematic changes in twelve healthy young individuals before and after running-induced fatigue. Six linear and nonlinear stability metrics were calculated to assess the whole body and joint-related variations. Significant instabilities were observed in the hip and specifically in the knee mechanisms and the whole body during the static condition. Velocity path length and approximate entropy for knee ( p = 0.019, p = 0.027) and hip ( p = 0.016, p = 0.042) were significantly greater after fatigue. These parameters for the whole body center of mass were also higher after fatigue ( p = 0.013, p = 0.013). General muscle fatigue did not significantly affect the ankle during static and dynamic standing ( p > 0.05). Dynamic standing did not reveal the effects of fatigue either on local joint regulations or on the whole body except for the nonlinear metrics of the proximal joints. The knee and hip were adversely affected by fatigue while the ankle strove to compensate for the fatigue-induced instability.

3

Analysis of center of pressure displacements and head movements triggered by a visual stimulus created using the virtual reality technology

Wodarski Piotr, Jurkojć Jacek, Chmura Marta, Gruszka Grzegorz, Gzik Marek

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2022

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Vol. 24, no. 1

20--28

EN

The purpose of the study was to determine how a stimulus presented in the virtual reality environment as a simulation of a fall off the stairs, triggers a loss of balance. The study also examined if the head movement measurements and the analysis in the frequency domain could increase the range of interpretation. Methods: 11 healthy individuals were tested, two [A1] were identified as more susceptible to the introduced disturbance, and one reported having dizziness, car sickness and fear of heights. Measurements of center of pressure (COP) and head positions were performed in the real and in the virtual environment. The beginning of the simulation was either unexpected or preceded by a signal. The analysis included standard parameters determined in time domain as well as the amplitude of the first harmonic from the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Results: The analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between results obtained: in real and virtual environments, with and without the warning signal. It was possible to notice the effect of virtual disturbance in the three selected individuals; this was particularly evident in the analysis of the first harmonic of the FFT. Conclusions: The conducted tests revealed that the limitation of the analyses exclusively to the time domain could be insufficient for a comprehensive interpretation. The effect of introduced disturbance was particularly noticeable in the analysis of the first harmonic for head movement. The application of this parameter could enable a more accurate investigation of a strategy aimed at maintaining balance.

4

Ekologia i równowaga

Trzaska Mariola

Zieleń Miejska

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2021

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Nr 3

22--23

PL

Trendy to kierunki, w których zmierzamy w różnych dziedzinach życia. Często słyszymy, że coś jest modne w tym sezonie i robimy wszystko, by być na topie. W architekturze krajobrazu to pojawiające się elementy w ogrodach, kolory i materiały, jakie będą dominować w otaczającej przestrzeni w nadchodzącym roku, są naszym wyznacznikiem. I co zaskakujące, trendy tak naprawdę nie idą nigdy w jednym kierunku, co daje szansę na modne aranżacje w różnych stylach, a także na łączenie kilku stylów w jednej aranżacji.

5

Reflection on the Human Living Environment in Connection with Sustainable Development

Sztumski Wiesław

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2021

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Vol. 16, nr 1

39--44

EN

The author reflects on the possibility of implementing the idea of sustainable development in the environment of human life in various areas and between them. He begins by answering the question what is the human living environment, presents the typology of the areas that make up this environment and indicates the role of human in destroying it. Then, he analyzes selected pairs of areas of the human living environment that are opposite to each other (genuine – artificial, external – internal, natural – social, real – virtual, as well as local – global) because of the possibility of maintaining a balance within them and between them. The balance is a prerequisite for effective implementation of the idea of sustainable development. Finally, he made several conclusions resulting from his reflection.

PL

Autor zastanawia się nad możliwością realizacji idei zrównoważonego rozwoju w środowisku życia człowieka w różnych obszarach i między nimi. Zaczyna od odpowiedzi na pytanie, czym jest ludzkie środowisko życia, przedstawia typologię obszarów tworzących to środowisko i wskazuje na rolę człowieka w jego niszczeniu. Następnie analizuje wybrane pary obszarów ludzkiego środowiska życia, które są przeciwstawne sobie (naturalne – sztuczne, zewnętrzne – wewnętrzne, przyrodnicze – społeczne, realne – wirtualne, a także lokalne – globalne) ze względu na możliwość utrzymania równowagi w nich i między nimi. Równowaga jest warunkiem koniecznym dla skutecznego wdrażania idei rozwoju zrównoważonego. Na koniec wyciągnął kilka wniosków wynikających z tej refleksji.

6

Mass and volume balances of nebulization processes for the determination of the expected dose of liquid medicines delivered by inhalation

Sosnowski Tomasz R., Janeczek Kamil, Grzywna Karolina, Emeryk Andrzej

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 42, nr 3

253–-261

EN

The works presents the application of mass/volume balances of liquid drug converted into the aerosol during atomization in medical nebulizers. The amount of liquid that can be delivered to the respiratory system during inhalation is reduced compared to the nominal dose not only because of drug losses both in the device (the residual volume, RV) and outside the nebulizer (in the mouthpiece, mask, or tubings), but also to the limitations of the patient (periodic flow with limited capacity). The paper should help to understand the complexity of aerosol therapy widely used in asthma, COPD and other pulmonary diseases.

7

Porównanie wybranych parametrów biomechanicznych osób po upadku oraz osób, które nie uległy upadkowi

Tokarski Tomasz

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2021

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nr 9

17-21

PL

Upadek, spowodowany na przykład utratą równowagi, stanowi bardzo częstą przyczynę wypadków przy pracy. Problem ten dotyczy zwłaszcza pracowników starszych. Okazuje się, że każdego roku blisko 1/3 osób po 65. roku życia ulega upadkom. Narażone są m.in. osoby o pogorszonych parametrach fizycznych. Do tych niekorzystnych zmian dochodzi wraz z postępującym procesem starzenia, a także na skutek uszkodzeń układu ruchu. Wraz z wiekiem rośnie więc częstość upadków, a ich skutki dla zdrowia stają się coraz poważniejsze. W artykule opisano badania nad osobami z grupy wiekowej 60-67 lat. Ich celem było: po pierwsze – porównanie wybranych parametrów biomechanicznych (tj. parametrów chodu, koordynacji wzrokowo ruchowej, siły mięśniowej oraz zdolności utrzymywania równowagi) osób po upadku oraz osób, które nie uległy upadkowi, a po drugie – wskazanie tych parametrów, które mogą mieć wpływ na większą skłonność do upadku. Tymczasem różnice pomiędzy parametrami uzyskanymi dla obu badanych grup okazały się niewielkie i statystycznie nieistotne.

EN

Falling out of balance is a very common cause of accidents at work. Older workers are particularly affected by this problem. It turns out that each year nearly 1/3 of people over 65 experience a fall. Particularly vulnerable are, inter alia, people with impaired physical parameters. These unfavourable changes occur along with the progressive aging process and as a result of damage to the locomotor system. Thus, the frequency of falls increases with age, and the effects on health become more severe. The article describes research on people in the 60-67 age group. Their aim was: firstly – to compare selected biomechanical parameters (i.e. parameters of walking, eye-hand coordination, muscle strength and the ability to maintain balance) of people after a fall and people who did not fall, and secondly – to indicate those parameters that may have an influence on a greater tendency to fall. Meanwhile, the differences between the parameters obtained for both studied groups turned out to be small and statistically insignificant.

8

Postural stability at different heights as well as in natural standing position and during tandem stance in female athletes who practice artistic gymnastics

Omorczyk Jarosław, Wrześniewski Krzysztof, Staszkiewicz Robert, Puszczałowska-Lizis Ewa

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 3

155--162

EN

Purpose: The aim of this work was the assessment of postural stability at different heights as well as in natural standing position and during tandem stance in female athletes who practice artistic gymnastics. Methods: The study comprised 34 athletes aged 8–12, practicing artistic gymnastics at a sports club „Korona Kraków”. The research tool was CQ-Stab 2P two-platform posturograph. The elevation was achieved using the Light SPL platform. The data were analyzed based on Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: The height at which the posturograph was set differentiated the path length of the statokinesiogram, both in the natural stance ( p = 0.035) and tandem stance (p = 0.012). When the posturograph was placed on the floor, statistically significantly higher sway area delimited by the COP point (p < 0.001), statokinesiogram path length (p < 0.001), mean amplitude of COP displacement (p < 0.001) and mean frequency of COP displacement (p = 0.048) values were recorded in the tandem stance position. On the other hand, when the posturograph was placed on a landing, statistically significantly higher sway area delimited by the COP point (p < 0.001), statokinesiogram path length (p < 0.001) and mean frequency of COP displacement (p < 0.001) values were recorded in the tandem stance position. Conclusions: Increasing height was accompanied by deterioration of stability indices. Postural stability improves with training experience.

9

Differentiating fallers from nonfallers using nonlinear variability analyses of data from a low-cost portable footswitch device: a feasibility study

Gonabadi Arash, Antonellis Prokopios, Malcolm Philippe

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 2

139--145

EN

Purpose: Falls are one of the main causes of injuries in older adults. This study evaluated a low-cost footswitch device that was designed to measure gait variability and investigates whether there are any relationships between variability metrics and clinical balance tests for individuals with a history of previous falls. Methods: Sixteen older adults completed a history of falls questionnaire, three functional tests related to fall risk, and walked on a treadmill with the footswitch device. We extracted the stride times from the device and applied two nonlinear variability analyses: coefficient of variation and detrended fluctuation analysis. Results: The temporal variables and variability metrics from the footswitch device correlated with gold-standard measurements based on ground reaction force data. One variability metric (detrended fluctuation analysis) showed a significant relationship with the presence of past falls with a sensitivity of 43%. Conclusion: This feasibility study demonstrates the basis for using low-cost footswitch devices to predict fall risk.

10

Classic and indicative methods in the analysis of the foot arch and foot loads in professional folklore dancers on the basis of stabilographic tests

Gorwa Joanna, Nowakowska-Lipiec Katarzyna, Guzik-Kopyto Agata, Wodarski Piotr, Michnik Robert

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 4

53--61

EN

Purpose: The proper shape of the foot determines its proper functioning and efficiency, which is significant as far as dancers are concerned. The aim of the study was to identify the arch of feet based on the Arch Index (AI), ability to maintain balance on the basis of stabilometric parameters and the distribution of loads acting on the feet of professional folk dancers. Methods: The study group was composed of 37 folk dancers and the reference group consisted of 56 healthy adults aged 19–45. Balance measurements were performed using the Zebris FDM-S measurement platform, Romberg test with eyes open. Test results were exported to the Matlab 2019b computing environment. The algorithm developed by the Authors in relation was used to calculate Arch Index for the right and left foot, for each test participant separately. Results: Statistical tests did not reveal statistically relevant differences between stabilometric parameters and loads affecting feet in the reference group and that of the dancers. The statistical tests revealed that the value of the AI differed significantly in the reference group and in the group of professional folk dancers (p = 0.05). The differences were also observed in the group of females (p = 0.003). No statistically relevant differences were observed in relation to the group of males (p = 0.116). The percentage of the feet with high arch in the group of dancers amounted to 26%; 33% of dancers’ feet were classified as the feet with low arch. Conclusions: The feet of professional folk dancers have a statistically more arched foot than the reference group.

11

Altered postural stability in elderly women following a single session of head-mounted display virtual reality

Cieślik Błażej, Serweta Anna, Federico Sara, Szczepańska-Gieracha Joanna

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 1

107--111

EN

Purpouse: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a single session of head-mounted display virtual reality on postural stability in elderly women. Methods: Forty-seven female subjects underwent a 20-minute virtual reality session. The mean age of the subjects was 70.12 years. As an immersive source, we used a relaxing virtual reality game with a head-mounted display device. The postural stability test was conducted using a Nintendo Wii force plate. Participants completed a set of three 30-s trials in which they took a quiet bipedal eyes-open stance while standing on a hard surface: before the virtual reality session, immediately after the virtual reality session, and 2 minutes after the virtual reality session. Centre of pressure parameters were analysed in the sagittal and frontal planes. Results: Analysing the results obtained immediately after the virtual reality session, significant differences were observed in almost all examined parameters. In the sagittal plane, centre of pressure path velocity increased by 10% (p < 0.01) and path standard deviation by 15% (p < 0.05). In the frontal plane, centre of pressure path velocity increased by 14% (p < 0.01). After 2 minutes, all examined parameters showed no significant difference compared to before the virtual reality session. Conclusions: Immediately after the virtual reality session, there was an increase in almost all examined parameters. However, after 2 minutes, all examined parameters had returned to baseline. Therefore, to reduce fall risk after a virtual reality session, it is recommended that the subject spend at least 2 minutes in a sitting position.

12

Können Verkehrsunternehmen ohne Gewinn am Markt bestehen?

Witte Hermann

Problemy Transportu i Logistyki

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2020

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nr 1 (49)

51--62

EN

It is demonstrated that (1) transport enterprises can operate on the market with a profit of zero and (2) they can finance their investments without profit. The rigid conditions of pure competition are not necessary. It is enough to adjust the different situations of incomplete competition by setting equal and homogeneous rules for accounting, founding and running enterprises well as financing. A special rule is to have no foreign trade. But these conditions are not stringent. There are many non-profit-enterprises in Austria and a lot of other countries which are operating without these conditions. The result is a new maxim for (transport) economics: Application of the principle of covering the costs and optimization of quality in spite of profit maximization! THE postulate to consider the quality in transport theory and policy has the same long tradition as the postulate to applicate the principle of covering the costs. The joint application will bring more benefit for realizing welfare and an equal distribution of income and property.

13

The differences in postural stability between cross-country and Alpine skiers with intellectual disabilities

Gimunová Marta, Skotáková Alena, Grün Vojtěch, Jenčíková Kateřina, Daněk Leoš, Hlinský Tomáš, Svobodová Lenka, Kalichová Miriam, Válková Hana

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

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Vol. 22, no. 4

133--138

EN

The purpose of this study was to analyse differences in postural stability between athletes with ID competing in Alpine and Cross country (XC) skiing to assess the effect of special sports training on postural stability in persons with ID. Methods: Athletes with ID were divided into four groups by their discipline: Alpine skiers (n = 9), XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km (n = 10), XC skiers 500 to 1000 m (n = 18) and XC skiers 50 and 100 m (n = 10). All participants were asked to stand barefooted on the Zebris FDM platform (Medical GmbH, Germany) with their eyes open and closed. To compare differences between groups one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD test was used. To compare the difference between the eyes open and closed, t-test was used. Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between Alpine and XC skiers in analysed variables. The analysis of COP velocity showed superior postural stability in XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km compared to XC skiers 500 and 1000 m. In XC skiers 500 and 1000 m, XC skiers 2.5 to 10 km and Alpine skiers a significant increase in COP velocity was observed when having the eyes closed. In XC skiers 50 and 100 m, no statistically significant differences between the eyes open and closed conditions were observed. Conclusions: Despite different sports training, no difference between Alpine and XC skiers in postural stability was observed. When comparing XC skiers, better postural stability was observed in skiers running longer distances, suggesting that this sports training enhances balance skills needed in everyday life.

14

Body balance a few years after total hip replacement

Wareńczak Agnieszka, Lisiński Przemysław

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

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Vol. 22, no. 1

87--96

EN

These aim of the study was to conduct a long-term evaluation of whether total hip replacement permanently affects the dynamic body balance. Methods: Twenty-five patients after the unilateral total hip replacement (mean age: 69.9 ± 6.2) and 25 subjects without the total hip replacement (mean age: 68.4 ± 4.8) who matched the age and overall health participated in this study. The force platform and functional tests such as Timed Up and Go, 3m walk test, Functional Reach Test, 30s Chair Stand Test, Step Test and Berg Balance Scale were used to assess dynamic balance. The results obtained in individual trials were compared using the Student’s t-test for independent variables, the Welch test or the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: Subjects from the THR group exhibited significantly increased time and distance in the tests performed on the force platform, compared to the control group. We also observed worse balance and functional test scores in the THR group: Timed Up and Go test ( p < 0.001), 3 m walk test ( p < 0.001), Functional Reach Test ( p < 0.001), 30 s Chair Stand Test ( p = 0.001) and Step Test (operated leg: p < 0.001, non-operated leg: p < 0.001). The results obtained in the Berg Balance Scale tests were not significantly different between the groups ( p = 0.218). Conclusions: We observed significant differences in postural stability and dynamic balance between patients after THR and subjects in the same age without endoprosthesis. Our research shows that total hip replacement permanently impairs patients’ dynamic balance and their functionality in certain lower-extremity activities.

15

Balance assessment in healthy children and adolescents aged 6–18 years based on six tests collected on AMTI AccuSway force platform

Graff Krzysztof, Szczerbik Ewa

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

|

Vol. 22, no. 2

121--130

EN

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the results of six balance tests collected on AMTI AccuSway Plus ACS force platform between healthy female and male children and adolescents. We also searched for possible correlation of the balance measures with subjects’ age. Methods: 228 healthy 6- to 18-year-old subjects (111 boys and 117 girls) participated in the study. Six balance tests were performed with the use of AMTI AccuSway Plus ACS platform: quiet standing for 30s, maximal voluntary sways of the body in the sagittal plane (anterior-posterior – AP test) for 30 s, and in the frontal plane (left-right – ML test) for 30s. All tests were performed in two conditions: eyes open and eyes closed. Results: During quiet standing with eyes open, most balance measures were lower in girls ( p < 0.05). In AP and ML tests with eyes open, a few balance parameters were different between boys and girls ( p < 0.05). In quiet standing, AP and ML tests with eyes closed, there were no between-gender differences ( p > 0.05). In quiet standing with eyes open and closed most balance parameters were negatively correlated with age ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Quiet standing postural sway characteristics depended on gender under normal visual conditions and it was similar in boys and girls under visual deprivation conditions. The vision was differently used by females and males in balance tasks. Static postural stability improved with age regardless of visual conditions.

16

Absolute and relative reliability of several measures of static postural stability calculated using a GYKO inertial sensor system

Jaworski Janusz, Ambroży Tadeusz, Lech Grzegorz, Spieszny Michał, Bujas Przemysław, Żak Michał, Chwała Wiesław

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2020

|

Vol. 22, no. 2

93--99

EN

The aim of this study was to analyse absolute and relative reliability of a number of postural static stability measures obtained from a GYKO inertial sensor system in young adults. Methods: The study examined 29 healthy non-athlete young adults. A test was performed for 30 s while standing on one foot, without moving, with eyes open and arms relaxed along the sides of the body. The examinations were performed twice, with a one-week interval. Relative reliability was measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI), whereas the absolute reliability was evaluated based on the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimal detectable change (MDC). Results: The results of this study showed moderate to good relative reliability scores for all the postural stability measures, with ICC values ranging from 0.62 to 0.70. For most of the analysed variables, SEM% ranged from ca. 10 to 14%. Relatively high SEM% values were obtained only for two variables (Area, Convex Hull Area). Conclusions: The low costs of GYKO inertial sensor systems, the fast and easy installation, the mobility and high reliability of the measurement of postural stability show that it can be effective alternative to stabilographic platforms.

17

Bilans dwutlenku węgla w życiu betonu

Bartosik Sławomir, Tokarski Daniel, Woliński Paweł

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2019

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R. 87, nr 11

18--20

PL

Artykuł porusza kwestię bilansu dwutlenku węgla w całkowitym życiu betonu. Jest teoretyczną próbą zbilansowania CO2 zarówno podczas wytwarzania betonu, w ciągu jego życia a także po jego rozbiórce i recyklingu. Część opracowań związanych z obliczenia śladu węglowego betonu nie uwzględnia fazy po zakończeniu okresu eksploatacji – recyklingu. Próba zestawienia z jednej strony pełnego odwzorowania śladu węglowego betonu a z drugiej strony przeciwstawienie jej samego procesu karbonatyzacji w ciągu okresu użytkowania, a także po okresie rozbiórki daje obecnie oczywiste wyniki: wyprodukowanie 1 tony zwykłej mieszanki betonowej zanieczyszcza atmosferę ziemską o 140-320 kg CO2ekw/t, co jest oczywiście znacznie wyższe niż pochłanianie ditlenku węgla w procesie karbonatyzacji, nawet przy uwzględnieniu procesu recyklingu i częściowo drugiego życia betonu.

EN

The article deals with the issue of the carbon balance in the total life of concrete. It is a theoretical attempt to balance CO2 both during the production of concrete, during its life and after its dismantling and recycling. Some studies related to the calculation of the carbon footprint of concrete do not take into account the phase after the end of its useful life - recycling. An attempt to compile, on the one hand, a full representation of the carbon footprint of the concrete and, on the other hand, a comparison of the carbonization process itself during its useful life and also after the demolition period, gives obvious results for the time being: the production of 1 tonne of ordinary concrete mix pollutes the earth’s atmosphere by 140-320 kg CO2eq/t, which is obviously much higher than the carbon dioxide absorption during the carbonization process, even taking into account the recycling process and partially the second life of concrete.

18

Zastosowanie systemu analizy ruchu BTS do określenia chwili utraty stabilności

Matuszewska Agata, Liszkowski Jakub, Walczak Tomasz, Buśkiewicz Jacek

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

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2019

|

z. 17

69--76

PL

W pracy przeprowadzono próbę wyznaczenia chwili utraty stabilności dla upadków z pozycji statycznej. Pozycją początkową, jaką przyjmowała osoba badana, było stanie na dwóch nogach z rękami wzdłuż tułowia. Rejestracji ruchu dokonano dzięki wykorzystaniu systemu BTS. W celu wyznaczenia chwili utraty stabilności zaproponowano i opracowano własne miary i parametry, bazujące na pomiarach wykonanych z użyciem platform dynamometrycznych oraz systemu analizy ruchu. Dla analizowanego przypadku ruchu wielkości te pozwoliły na szacunkowe wyznaczenie chwili utraty stabilności.

EN

Assessing of human stability loss was performed at this work in case of falls from a static position. At the beginning patient takes the starting position as standing on two legs with hands along the thorax. Human motion registration was performed by using BTS system. In order to determine the instant of human stability loss the new measures and parameters were proposed, which based on measurements from force platforms and motion analysis system. These parameters allowed to assess the instant of stability loss for analyzed motion.

19

Quality of body posture and postural stability in people with intellectual disability playing volleyball

Bibrowicz Karol, Szurmik Tomasz, Wodarski Piotr, Michnik Robert, Mysliwiec Andrzej, Barszcz Jacek, Mikołajewski Grzegorz, Mitas Andrzej

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2019

|

Vol. 21, no. 1

23--30

EN

The quality of body posture and its balance depends on the efficiency of the receptors, the good work of the central nervous system integrating and coordinating the postural system and the effective musculoskeletal system. Physical activity of people with intellectual disability can stimulate the processes of improving the posture and its postural stability, improving the quality of life. Methods: The study was conducted in 2017. 20 randomly selected volleyball players with intellectual disabilities and 10 healthy players took part in it. Body posture was recorded using a photogrammetric system. To evaluate the use of the Frohner Posture Index and the Dolphens classification, stability of the posture was assessed on the Zebris FDM power plate, analyzing the basic stabilographic parameters sway path and sway area. Results: Athletes with intellectual disabilities had significantly poorer posture and body balance than healthy players. There were no differences in postural stability between the groups studied. Some linear correlations were found between the quality of posture and balance and stabilographic variables. Conclusions: Incorrect postural patterns, observed in people with intellectual disabilities, require the development of special recovery programs. Qualified physical activity can help them improve their balance systems, reducing the risk of falls and injuries. The lack of the possibility of an unequivocal relationship between the quality of body posture and its stability requires research on a larger research material. New evaluation methods used (Frohner Posture index and Dolphens classification) confirmed their usefulness and gave new possibilities of application in postural research.

20

Effect of sound on standing postural stability in the elderly with and without knee osteoarthritis

Hengsomboon Pichaya, Hiengkaew Vimonwan, Hsu Wei-Li, Bovonsunthonchai Sunee

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 3

99--108

EN

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of sound on standing postural control in the elderly with and without knee osteoarthritis (knee-OA). Methods: Twenty-six elderly with knee-OA and 26 elderly without knee-OA who matched the age and height participated in this study. The standing postural stability was assessed by the 3D motion analysis system. Four testing conditions of the combination of sound (no sound and white noise sound) and surface (firm and soft surfaces) were tested three times with eyes closed for 30 sec. Postural stability variables included the standard deviation and velocity of the centre of pressure, the total body centre of mass, and centre of the head along the antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions. Results: Statistical significant reductions of all variables along ML direction were found in the elderly without a knee-OA in the presence of sound during standing on a firm surface. No significant effect of sound was found in the elderly with the knee-OA during standing on a firm surface. In the standing on a soft surface, both groups demonstrated no significant effect of sound on all postural stability variables. Conclusions: Application of sound improved the standing postural stability in the frontal plane for the elderly without knee-OA. However, the effect of sound was limited in standing on a soft surface for both elderly with and without knee-OA.