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Restoration possibilities of valuable natural habitats

Nicia Paweł, Bejger Romualda, Sterzyńska Maria, Zadrożny Paweł, Parzych Piotr

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2021

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Vol. 1, no. 1

37--45

EN

Restoration is a well-known and commonly used active and/or passive protection procedure that is aimed at restoring the original habitat conditions. The choice of restoration methods is closely related to the properties and conditions in a given habitat. The scope of activities carried out as part of the restoration procedure is selected in such a way so as to intervene in the natural environment as little as possible and bring the best results. Such activities are commonly considered difficult to implement and burdened with significant costs, while their usefulness is low. However, practice shows that it is possible to undertake restoration activities at low costs and with positive effects that are visible in a relatively short time. The restoration of valuable hydrogenic habitats, such as the mountain fens of the Caltho-Alnetum community in the Babia Góra massif is a great example here. The performed restoration activities proved that with minimal intervention in the environment, with the use of natural local materials or the application of extensive forms of utilisation, the condition of these habitats was improved, the degradation processes were stopped and their natural functioning was restored.

2

Index and statistical methods in water management. A case study from the Mesopotamian marshes, Iraq

Almaarofi S. S., Douabul A. A. Z., Boyacioglu H., Boyacioglu H.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 3

21--37

EN

Water quality status of marshes within Mesopotamia has been investigated, and temporal and spatial changes determined by examining causes and effects. Data gathered from predesiccation and after re-flooding periods were subjected to index and statistical analysis. The quality of waters in the region was assigned to polluted class, regarding specific salinity related parameters. Total dissolved solids, chloride and sulfate were main variables negatively impacting the water quality. The main quality parameters creating spatial differences between the selected marshes were electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. Temporal differences in dissolved oxygen, salinity, nitrate and phosphate concentrations between the 1980's and 2000's reflected the impact of desiccation and water shortage on the marshes. Salinity and nutrient concentrations generally increased after desiccation compared to their historical levels. These findings indicated that the Mesopotamian marshes had poor water quality due to increase in the concentration of salinity. The study revealed that the index and statistical methods are useful tools identifying water quality and fingerprinting pollution. This will help decision makers to establish strategic and comprehensive water management plans.

3

Wysoki nasyp drogi ekspresowej S5 k. Gniezna posadowiony w torfowisku na żelbetowych palach prefabrykowanych wbijanych

Sobala D., Tomaka W., Maksim P., Sobolewski J.

Mosty

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2016

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nr 5

56--60

PL

Firma Aarsleff we współpracy z firmami AECOM i GT Projekt zaprojektowała i wykonała w rejonie torfowiska wzmocnienie podłoża pod nasypem drogi ekspresowej S5 k. Gniezna w technologii żelbetowych pali prefabrykowanych wbijanych. Zakres robot firmy Aarsleff obejmował projekt palowania, projekt i wykonanie blisko 190 próbnych obciążeń oraz wbicie 5200 szt. pali o całkowitej długości blisko 120 km. Palowanie zasadnicze wykonano w ciągu 48 dni roboczych.

EN

Aarsleff, in cooperation with AECOM and GT Projekt, designed and constructed a peat soil improvement for the embankment of the constructed S5 expressway near Gniezno using the driven precast reinforced pile technology. The scope of works executed by Aarsleff included the piling design, the design and performance of nearly 190 load tests and installation of 5,200 piles of the total length of nearly 120 km. The major piling work was completed in 48 working days.

4

Mapa bagien Polesia Daniela Zwickera z 1650 roku - dwa znane i dwa nieznane egzemplarze odkryte w zbiorach polskich

Kozica K.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2014

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T. 46, nr 2

173--191

PL

W artykule przedstawiono stan badań nad jedną z najrzadszych map w historii kartografii polskiej - mapą bagien Polesia Daniela Zwickera (1612-1678) z 1650 r. Wyrytowana i opublikowana w Gdańsku przez Wilhelma Hondiusa (po 1597-1652), uważana jest przez K. Buczka (1963) za jego najlepsze lub jedno z najlepszych dzieł. Jeszcze do niedawna sądzono, że nie ma jej w polskich zbiorach publicznych, a w całej dotychczasowej literaturze wymieniano tylko dwa jej znane zachowane egzemplarze w zbiorach zagranicznych: w Dreźnie i w Wiedniu. Ostatnie poszukiwania autora doprowadziły do odkrycia jej trzeciego egzemplarza w Bibliotece Raczyńskich w Poznaniu i czwartego w zbiorach Muzeum Warszawy. Mało tego, ten odkryty czwarty egzemplarz mapy bagien Polesia jest jej drugim stanem z tego samego 1650 roku (dodano min. informację o bitwie łojowskiej), którego istnienie przewidywał K. Buczek (1963) na podstawie przerysu mapy zamieszczonego w dziele o czerwcu polskim J. Hamela w tłumaczeniu S.B. Górskiego (Wilno 1837).

EN

The map of the Polesie marshes from 1650 elaborated by the outstanding Socinian and physician from Gdansk, Daniel Zwicker (1612-1678), is one of the rarest and most precious maps in the history of Polish cartography. It is also famous for showing for the first time the places where a scale insect (Porphyrophora polonica) occurs. In the middle ages larvas of this insect were used to produce a valuable raw material to obtain red pigment called carmine dye. The map was engraved and published in Gdansk by the well-known engraver Guilielmus Hondius (after 1597-1652). According to K. Buczek (1982) the map is of little significance from a cartographic point of view, but has considerable artistic value and was probably the best map produced by G. Hondius. Until recently no copy of this map was known to exist in Polish public cartographical collections, and until now all published map references in Polish or other languages quoted only two known copies of the map preserved in foreign collections: in Dresden (Sach bibliothek, sign.: H. Polon. 23, III) and in Vienna (Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, sign.: 389.030-F.K. 23, Taf. 42). The author's latest research brought to light a third copy in 2011, this time in a Polish public collection - the Raczyński Library (Biblioteka Raczyńskich) in Poznań (sign.: M II 971 / 5706), which was purchased in 1985 after the death of a private collector. A fourth copy of this map was discovered by the author in the Museum of Warsaw (Muzeum Warszawy) in a composite atlas by Matthaus Seutter (1678-1757) purchased in 1960. What is more, this fourth copy of the map of the marshes of Polesye is the second state of the Zwicker map from the same year - 1650 (showing, among other additional details, information about the battle of Łojowogród on 31 July 1649). The existence of a second state was already presumed by K. Buczek (1963) on the basis of a copy of that state published in a Polish translation by Stanisław Batys Gorski of a work on the said insect (Porphyrophora polonica) by J. Hamel (Wilno 1837). A fifth copy of the Zwicker map is reputed to exist in the trade.

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Vascular plants versus mosses in lakeland and riverine mires in two regions of eastern Poland

Sugier P., Czarnecka B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 4

635-644

EN

Our research was conducted in two different mire habitats . in the minerotrophic and ombrotrophic mires adjoining the lakes (LM) of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lakeland and in the eutrophic and calcium-rich mires of the river valleys (RM) of the Roztocze Highlands region (both study regions in Eastern Poland). The study aimed to evaluate (1) the position of mire phytocoenoses in the environmental gradient - from minerotrophic to ombrotrophic ones, (2) the influence of the species and life-form composition of plant communities on the density of bryophytes, and (3) the quantitative and sociological relations between the density of vascular plants and bryophytes. Phytosociological releves (180) were made in six lakeland mires and in four river valleys. The area of each phytosociological releves (16-25 m2) represented species composition and vertical structure of communities. In the study of the relation vascular plants-bryophytes we took into consideration the following parameters: species abundance, cover of particular plant layers (trees, shrubs, herbs, bryophytes), and the number of species in particular life-form groups. In the LM the cover of particular layers was correlated negatively with the abundance of Sphagnum mosses. Betula pendula, B. pubescens and Frangula alnus overgrowing the LM affect negatively the abundance of some peat mosses. Less distinct relations were found between the tree density and bryophyte cover in the RM, but there is a positive correlation between the shrub cover and its predominant species - F. alnus - and the abundance of Polytrichum commune. Taking into account the relations between the herbaceous cover and the abundance of bryophytes, the dependencies are also less pronounced in the RM phytocoenoses. A negative effect of the herbaceous cover and its species richness on the abundance of P. commune was observed, as well as positive relation between the number of herbaceous species and the abundance of Calliergonella cuspidata. In the LM phytocoenoses, a negative correlation was found in the case of S. palustre, while in the case of Aulacomnium palustre and S. cuspidatum the relations were positive. Among herbaceous plants of LM habitats the biggest number of statistically significant correlations were observed for abundance of Carex lasiocarpa and different bryophytes, while in the RM habitats the correlations between the abundance of bryophyte and vascular plant layers are less distinct.

6

Ekosystemy bagienne

Walter E.

Zieleń Miejska

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2009

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Nr 11

46-47

PL

Sztuczne mokradła stają się współcześnie nowym elementem krajobrazu zurbanizowanego, ale przede wszystkim sposobem na usprawnienie miejskiego systemu drenażu. Dlatego warto zapoznać się z nimi bliżej i zastanowić się nad wprowadzeniem tego typu rozwiązań na polskich osiedlach.

7

Ocena procesu infiltracji oraz pionowej migracji jonów w zlewni bagiennej z wykorzystaniem modelu matematycznego

Lenartowicz M.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2006

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Z. 3-4

199-217

PL

Pionowa składowa obiegu wody przeważa w bilansach wodnych nizinnych zlewni bagiennych. Głównym celem badań było zastosowanie, adaptacja i weryfikacja zintegrowanego, fizycznie uzasadnionego modelu matematycznego przemieszczania się wody i rozpuszczonych w niej substancji chemicznych w kolumnie roślinno-glebowej w okresie wegetacyjnym. Ważnym zadaniem była specyfikacja modelu, polegająca na doborze równań fizyki matematycznej do opisu pojedynczych procesów, ściśle powiązana z identyfikacją parametrów oraz weryfikacją i zastosowaniem przy ograniczonej dostępności danych. Zastosowany model jednowymiarowy uwzględniał następujące procesy: parowanie terenowe, intercepcję szaty roślinnej, infiltrację i zmiany uwilgotnienia gleby w obrębie strefy aeracji. Stanowiły one tło do opisu migracji substancji rozpuszczonych w wodzie do zwierciadła wód podziemnych. Jako przykładową przyjęto migrację chlorków i siarczanów. Identyfikacji parametrów i weryfikacja modelu została przeprowadzona w dorzeczu Łasicy, w reprezentatywnych kolumnach roślinno-glebowych w nizinnej zlewni bagiennej "Pożary" (zlewnia źródłowego odcinka Kanału Olszowieckiego), położonej w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym. Po weryfikacji statystycznej wyniki modelowania ekstrapolowano z kolumn roślinno-glebowych, reprezentujących poszczególne typy geokompleksów, na cały obszar zlewni i przedstawiono w postaci kartograficznej.

EN

Vertical component predominates in the water balance of lowland swampy catchments. The main aim of the research was implementation, adaptation and verification of integrated, physically based mathematical model for vertical migration of water and solutes in plant-soil column over the vegetation season. Important task was the model specification. It consisted in selection of mathematical equations for description of individual processes and was strictly related to identification of parameters as well as model verification and implementation in conditions of limited availability of data. The one-dimensional mathematical model applied here coupled a description of land evaporation, interception on plant canopy, infiltration and soil moisture changes in the unsaturated zone. These processes were treated as a background for the description of solutes migration to the groundwater table. As exemplary chloride and sulphate ions migration was taken. The identification of model parameters and verification were performed in representative plant-soil columns in the Pożary lowland swampy basin located in central Poland within the Kampinos National Park. Results of modelling were extrapolated after statistical verification from unit plant-soil columns, representing individual types of geocomplexes, to the whole basin area and presented in cartographic form.

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Terminologia dotycząca definiowania obszarów zabagnionych : propozycja jej uporządkowania

Bajkiewicz-Grabowska E.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2005

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Z. 1-2

91-102

EN

Boggy areas are the most productive biological ecosystems and appear at all latitudes, ranging from the tundra, temperate and tropic latitudes to the equator. Boggy areas as hydrosphere elements are not only the object of study of such Earth sciences as hydrology, geography, soil geography, pedology or land melioration, but also of biological sciences. This is the reason why the terminology of such objects tends to vary and is often used in a wrong way. Our suggestion is to accept that the synonym of a boggy area is a bog. In case when a bog is strongly wetted, typical boggy peat-forming processes occur and the peat deposits are deep enough, such a bog should be called a. peatbog. When wetting of the bog is unsteady and palustrine, gley or warp processes are the most important in soil formation, then such a bog should be called a marsh. When a bog is situated in the shore lake zone and a sludge blanket spreads from the shore to the centre of the lake or when it is an overgrown water reservoir where water or semi-liquid lake deposits are under a plant blanket, then such bog should be called a quaking bog. The term "bog" is synonymous with "wetland", although a bog is a kind of wetland.