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EN
Sedimentation tanks have a vital role in the overall efficiency of solid particles removal in treatment units. Therefore, an in-depth study these tanks is necessary to ensure high quality of water and increasing the system efficiency. In this work, an experimental rectangular sedimentation tank has been operated with and without a baffle to investigate the system behaviour and effectiveness for the reduction of solid particles. Turbid water was prepared using clay, which was collected from the water treatment plant of Al Maqal Port (Iraq), mixed with clear water in a plastic supply tank. Raw and outflow samples were tested against turbidity after plotting a calibration curve between inflow suspended solids versus their corresponding turbidity values. The key objective was to assess the impact of different flow rates, particle concentrations, heights and positions of the baffle on the system efficiency. Findings showed that the tank performance was enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) with the use of a baffle placed at a distance of 0.15 of tank length with height equal to 0.2 of tank depth. Higher removal efficiency (91%) was recorded at a lower flow rate (0.015 dm3∙s–1) and higher concentration (1250 mg∙dm–3), as the treatment efficiency enhanced by 34% compared with the operation without a baffle. Placing the baffle in the middle of the sedimentation tank produced the worst results. System efficiency for solids removal reduced with increasing baffle height. Further research is required to evaluate the efficiency of an inclined baffle.
EN
The paper is devoted to issues of estimating free surface elevations in rigid cylindrical fluid-filled tanks dunder external loadings. The possibility of baffles installation is provided. The liquid vibrations caused by lateral and longitudinal harmonic loadings are under consideration. Free, forced and parametrical vibrations are examined. Modes of the free liquid vibrations are considered as basic functions for the analysis of forced and parametric vibrations. The modes of the free liquid vibrations in baffled and un-baffled cylindrical tanks are received by using single-domain and multi-domain boundary element methods. Effects of baffle installation are studied. The problems of forced vibrations are reduced to solving the systems of second order ordinary differential equations. For parametric vibrations the system of Mathieu equations is obtained. The numerical simulation of free surface elevations at different loadings and baffle configurations is accomplished. Beat phenomena effects are considered under lateral harmonic excitations. The phenomenon of parametric resonance is examined under longitudinal harmonic excitations.
EN
The composite weir-gate structure is considered an important hydraulic structure. This is because of its widely used in civil engineering hydraulic works especially in an irrigation system to measure, control, divert and keep the required water level. This study focuses on the influence of barrier existence on the hydraulic parameters that described the hydraulic characteristics of composite weir-gate hydraulic structure. In this study, several experimental runs were conducted to determine the effect of barrier's location, spacing and number on the water level and depth at the downstream region of flume, discharge coefficient of composite hydraulic structure, and flow rate throughout the flume. Our experiments indicated that the turbulence intensity, inlet effect, and position, gap, and number of barriers have affected the hydraulic behavior of weir-gate structure. This appears clearly by obtaining different results of discharge coefficient and flow rate that cross the weir-gate structure comparing with same cases without barriers. Also this study gives some insights on the significance roles of fluid separation, eddies generation near the barrier, fluid resistance and overlap between overflow and underflow velocities and their effects on hydraulic factors that dominate the problem. These hydraulic factors must be considered in the design and construction of barrier/barriers in open channel to prevent any fluctuation or drop in discharge, water elevation and the required water depth at downstream region.
PL
Jednym ze środków technicznych stosowanych w redukcji poziomu hałasu maszyn i urządzeń jest zastosowanie obudowy dźwiękochłonno-izolacyjnej. Właściwości dźwiękoizolacyjne przegród stosowanych jako ścianki konstrukcyjne w tych obudowach określa charakterystyka widmowa izolacyjności akustycznej. Charakterystykę tę otrzymuje się w wyniku przeprowadzonych badań laboratoryjnych przegród. Do wyznaczania charakterystyki izolacyjności akustycznej wykorzystywane są także modele obliczeniowe, których zastosowanie może dać orientacyjny pogląd, czy budowanie prototypu zabezpieczenia wibroakustycznego jest celowe i opłacalne. W artykule pokazano możliwości predykcji charakterystyk izolacyjności akustycznej od dźwięków powietrznych przegród jedno-, dwu- i trzywarstwowych gumowo-metalowych. Weryfikację modeli obliczeniowych w postaci prawa masy oraz badań symulacyjnych przeprowadzono na przykładzie siedmiu przegród, odnosząc rezultaty do wyników badań laboratoryjnych.
EN
One of the technical means used to reduce the noise level of machinery and equipment is the use of a sound absorbing and insulating enclosure. Soundproofing properties of baffles used as structural walls in these enclosures determine the spectral characteristics of sound insulation. This characteristic is obtained as a result of laboratory tests of baffles. To determine the characteristics of sound insulation capacity, calculation models are also used, the application of which may give an approximate perspective of whether the construction of a prototype of vibroacoustic protection is practical and profitable. The article presents the possibilities of prediction of airborne sound insulation characteristics of one, two and three-layer rubber and metal baffles. The verification of calculation models in the form of mass law and simulation tests was carried out on the example of seven baffles, referring the results to the results of laboratory tests.
EN
After 2003, hundreds projects were completed to provide drinking water to rural areas in most governorates in Iraq. These projects consist of the package water treatment plant, which treats surface water from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. All the package water treatment plant contains a mechanical flocculators, which suffers from continuous faults and needs periodic maintenance and needs electric energy to operate, which leads to an increase in the cost of water production and lack of quality of water produced. In this project, the possibility of changing the type of flocculators from mechanic to hydraulic was tested for a 100 m3·h–1 package water treatment plant in the Al-Eskan water treatment project in the south of Diwaniyah city in Iraq. There are many challenges facing the design involving findings ways to improve the effi ciency of the flocculation system. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package, ANSYS Fluent 16.1 software have been used to simulate turbulent fluid flow in hydraulic flocculators for Al-Eskan package water treatmen plants (EPWTP). The flocculator simulations in ANSYS Fluent are used to obtain turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate to determine the distance between baffles, the quantity of baffles, velocity gradient, residence time, and flocculation performance. The results obtained from ANSYS Fluent simulation are used in designing a hydraulic flocculator, so our finding can be utilized to validate the hydraulic flocculator model. The results confirmed that the method used to design certain parameters of the tank are fairly accurate. Overall the design of the flocculation tank produced reasonable results which match expected results of hydraulic flocculation tanks found in literature. The results of the report suggest that a height to baffle spacing ratio of 22.5 creates intersecting energy dissipation regions that produce the greatest formation of flocs per reactor volume.
PL
Przedstawiono wpływ modyfikacji elementu konstrukcyjnego osadnika wirowego na sprawność oczyszczania strumienia cieczy z zanieczyszczeń cząstek ciała stałego. Konstrukcja urządzenia charakteryzowała się obecnością przegrody położonej w osi aparatu. Zmianie podlegała wysokość przegrody licząc od dna osadnika. Przeanalizowano zależności sprawności urządzenia i spiętrzeń cieczy w nim występujących od zadanego obciążenia hydraulicznego. Pokazano wpłyW rozmieszczenia przegrody na opory przepływu w zbiorniku oraz stopień oczyszczenia strumienia cieczy, gdzie najniższe opory przepływu wyznaczono dla konstrukcji z przegrodą umiejscowioną najwyżej spośród badanych. Określono, że najwyższą sprawnością oczyszczania charakteryzuje się konstrukcja posiadająca przegrodę na wysokości pomiędzy ujściem króćca wlotowego do zbiornika a króćcem wylotowym, mierząc od dna aparatu.
EN
The influence of modification of swirl settling tank construction element on the liquid stream purification efficiency from heavy fraction if purities is presented in the paper. The settling tank design was characterized by presence of baffle located in the tank axis. The baffle height was changed. The dependencies of settling tank efficiency and liquid damming on the hydraulic load were analyzed. A baffle arrangement influence on the flow resistance and purification process effectiveness is shown. The low est value of flow resistance was assigned to a swirl settling tank with the baffle located in the highest level among all tested. The design with a baffle located between the tank entrance and exit was characterized with the highest efficiency of liquid purification.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki symulacji komputerowych procesu separacji układu ciało stałe-ciecz w nowych konstrukcyjnie osadnikach wirowych. Wykorzystano model burzliwości k-ε i model DPM oprogramowania ASNYS Fluent 19.0. Badania przeprowadzono dla osadników wirowych posiadających króciec wlotowy zanurzony na różnej głębokości oraz przegrodę, której położenie zmieniano. Badania doświadczalne potwierdziły słuszność zastosowania wymienionych modeli. Przedstawiono trajektorie cząstek uzyskane podczas symulacji, które potwierdziły powstawanie ruchu wirowego i prezentowały czas przebywania cząstek ciała stałego wewnątrz osadnika. Konstrukcja o najwyższym stopniu separacji posiadała przegrodę ulokowaną pośrodku między ujściem z króćca wlotowego i wylotowego w osi aparatu.
EN
The results of computer simulations of solid-liquid separation in constructional new swirl settling tanks are shown in the paper. The k-e model and DPM models of ANSYS Fluent software 19.0 were used. The studies were carried out for the swirl settling tanks which were characterized by the submerged inlet port situated in a different immersion depth and the baffle with different location inside the tank. Experimental studies confirmed models validity. The particles trajectories obtained in simulations are presented. They confirm the presence of swirl movement and show the residence time of solid particles inside the settling tank. The construction with highest separation efficiency was characterized by the baffle located in tank’s axis and in the middle of inlet and outlet ports.
8
Content available Analiza pracy zmodyfikowanego separatora wirowego
PL
Przedstawiono wpływ modyfikacji elementów konstrukcyjnych separatora wirowego na sprawność oczyszczania strumienia cieczy z zanieczyszczeń cząstek ciała stałego. Konstrukcja urządzenia charakteryzowała się obecnością przegrody wzdłużnej położonej w bliskiej odległości do wylotu z aparatu. Zmianie podlegały wysokość króćca wlotowego oraz wysokość przegrody licząc od dna separatora. Przeanalizowano zależności sprawności urządzenia i spiętrzeń cieczy w nim występujących od natężenia przepływu cieczy. Pokazano wpływ rozmieszczenia: króćca wlotowego, wylotowego i przegrody na skuteczność procesu oczyszczania.
EN
An influence of modification of swirl separation tank’s construction elements on the efficiency of liquid stream purification from heavy fraction impurities is shown in the paper. The separator design was characterized by the presence of longitudinal baffle located close to the tank outlet. The height of inlet port and baffle can be changed. The dependencies of separator efficiency and liquid damming on the liquid flow rate were analyzed. The influence of arrangement of the inlet nozzle, outlet nozzle and baffle on purification process effectiveness is shown.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty symulacji komputerowych procesu separacji w układzie ciało stałe-ciecz. Analizę prowadzono w standardowym i zmodyfikowanym osadniku wirowym. Projektowanie, konstruowanie oraz badania osadników wirowych mogą prowadzić do poprawy efektywności usuwania zanieczyszczeń z cieczy oraz ewentualnego zmniejszenia wielkości urządzeń stosowanych w technologii oczyszczania wód opadowych. Modyfikacja separatorów polegała na wykorzystaniu zanurzonego króćca wlotowego oraz różnorodnie ulokowanej przegrody. Podczas analiz wykorzystano model burzliwości k-ε i model DPM oprogramowania ASNYS Fluent 19.0. Badania eksperymentalne potwierdziły słuszność doboru wymienionych modeli symulacyjnych do analizowanego procesu separacji zanieczyszczeń w osadniku wirowym. Konstrukcja o największym stopniu separacji ciała stałego i cieczy charakteryzowała się przegrodą ulokowaną pośrodku między ujściem z króćca wlotowego i wylotowego w osi aparatu.
EN
In the paper the results of computer simulations of solid-liquid separation process have been shown. The analysis was carried out in regular and modified swirl settling tank. Design, structuring and studying swirl sedimentation tanks can lead to improvement of liquid purification efficiency and potentially to reduce size of rainwater treatment devices. Modification of swirl separators consisted in assembling the submerged inlet port and baffle inside the tank. The k-ε model and the DPM models of ANSYS Fluent software 19.0 have been used in the analysis. Experimental studies have confirmed the choice validity of these models in contamination separation process in swirl settling tanks. The construction with highest separation efficiency was characterized by baffle located in tank’s axis and in the middle of the inlet and outlet ports.
EN
The production of thermal energy from solar energy by flat collectors finds nowadays many applications due to their innumerable economic and environmental interests. Currently, conservation of energy resources has become a global priority. On the other hand, given the dizzying demand for energy, has led specialists to find new techniques, such as renewable energies (solar, wind and geothermal). The present work is a contribution, by numerical simulation, to the study of heat transfer in flat solar collectors. On the basis of some experimental data, several simulation calculations have been carried out in order to determine the influencing parameters allowing better performance of the sensors and ensuring a good homogeneity of the temperature distributions. Based on the observation that, due to the low thermophysical properties of the air used as heat transfer fluid, solar air collectors rather give poor yields. It has been found very useful to have ‘baffling’ obstacles of various shapes and forms in the solar collector duct. This increases the thermal transfer of a coolant, which clearly improves the thermal efficiency of the solar air collector. This article consists mainly of studying the effects on heat transfer of turbulent forced convection by baffles of zigzag shapes, placed in a rectangular channel, using the finite volume method. The pressure-velocity coupling has been processed by the SIMPLEC algorithm. The results are presented in terms of the average Nusselt number and temperature field for different positions.
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