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1
User involvement in the ergonomic development of a medical instrument: a longitudinal case study
Tovolgyi S.
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
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2016
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Vol. 22, No. 2
207--217
EN
In this study the focus is on the continuous ergonomic-focused development of a medical instrument that is capable of performing blood group serological tests. Primarily, a medical device must be clinically effective and safe. At the same time it must also meet the needs of its users. This calls for consideration of numerous ergonomic aspects. The development process of the product line in question was supported by a longitudinal series of carefully designed focus groups. Altogether, the 23 focus groups conducted included 245 participants from 72 laboratories. The aim of the empirical research was to collect users’ experiences, ideas and needs as inputs for the following phase of the product development process. During the mentioned focus group analyses, around 100 development proposals were conceived. Besides presenting more of the mentioned development proposals, the focus group analysis was shown as a proper methodology to involve end-users in the development and implementation of new technology or devices.
2
Content available remote Electrical Impedance Tomography in medical research
Nita K., Matacz M., Filipowicz S. F.
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
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2013
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R. 89, nr 2a
297--299
EN
This paper presents the applications of the Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) in medical imaging, selecting perfusion lung and female breast. In a study of breast to ensure a stable contact of electrodes indicated on the indirect method consisting in immersing the breast suitably measurements intermediate fluid container. Basic parameters are defined in medical imaging of impedance tomography method. The preferred method solutions of the inverse problem are linear algorithms based on finite element method approximating of the tested objects. The conductivity values in different regions are determined by the finite element method.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zastosowania tomografii impedancyjnej w badaniach medycznych wybierając obrazowanie perfuzji płuc oraz badanie piersi kobiet. W badaniach piersi dla zapewnienia stabilnego kontaktu elektrod wskazano na metodę pośrednią polegającą na zanurzeniu piersi w odpowiednio opomiarowanym pojemniku z płynem pośrednim. Preferowaną metodą rozwiązania zagadnienia odwrotnego są algorytmy liniowe oparte na metodzie elementów skończonych przy aproksymacji badanych obiektów. Określono podstawowe parametry w obrazowaniach medycznych metodą tomografii impedancyjnej.
3
Content available Kryterium wyznaczania granic prawnych i etycznych w badaniach medycznych – w aspekcie urzeczywistnienia konstytucyjnej zasady zrownoważonego rozwoju
Letkiewicz S.
Problemy Ekorozwoju
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2009
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Vol. 4, nr 2
49-60
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie i ocena wybranych aksjomatów funkcjonujących w obszarze medycyny i nauk wspomagających jej rozwój oraz wskazanie - o ile to możliwe - aksjomatu o znaczeniu uniwersalnym. Sformułowanie takiego celu jest istotne z punktu konstytucyjnej zasady zrownoważonego rozwoju, której nie można pomijać w naukach medycznych. W niniejszym opracowaniu przyjmujemy hipotezę, iż aksjomat: godność człowieka najwyższą wartością w świecie przyrody powinien stanowić uniwersalne, skuteczne i ponadczasowe kryterium wyznaczania granic prawnych i etycznych w badaniach medycznych. Aksjomat ten jest również podstawowym aksjomatem dla urzeczywistniania zrównoważonego rozwoju.
EN
The aim of this article is to discuss and evaluate selected axioms functioning in the field of medicine and sciences and supporting its development and to indicate, as far as possible, an axiom of universal significance. Formulating such an aim is essential with regard to the constitutional principle of sustainable development, which cannot be ignored in medical science. In the present study we accept the hypothesis that the axiom that human dignity is the highest value in the world of nature can and should constitute the universal, effective, and timeless criterion determining legal and ethical boundaries in medical research. This axiom is also the fundamental axiom for realising sustainable development.
4
Content available remote Biomedical informatics research for Individualized life-long shared healthcare
Zvarova J., Hanzliek P., Nagy M., Prečkova P., Zvara K., Seidl L., Bureš V., Šubert D., Dostalova T., Seydlova M.
Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering
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2009
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Vol. 29, no. 2
31-41
EN
Aim: We developed a multimedia electronic health record MUDR and introduced it to the field of cardiology and dental medicine. We developed a graphical component called DentCross supported by automatic speech recognition connected to an electronic health record (BRR) in dentistry. Platform for semantic interoperability was designed utilizing international communication standards. Methods: Our approach consisted of three main steps. 1) Development of the multimedia distributed electronic health record MUDR, 2) Development of the interactive graphical DentCross component with automatic speech recognition connected to electronic health record in dentistry. 3) Development of minimal data model for cardiology (MDMC) as the base for studying semantic interoperability issues. Results: Dental health data for more than 100 patients were collected using EHR with the DentCross component, the DentCross component was used in forensic dentistry and for e-Iearning activities. We found that approximately 85% of the MDMC concepts are included in at least one classification system. More than 50% of MDMC are included in the SNOMED Clinical Terms. Conclusions: Structured representation of information in EHR and use of international standards, classifications and nomenclatures is a necessary prerequisite to semantic inte-roperability issues as well as to an automatic speech recognition.
5
Content available remote Podstawy termowizji i jej zastosowanie w badaniach medycznych
Błachnio J., Bogdan M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej. Budowa i Eksploatacja Maszyn
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2004
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Z. 12
7-17
PL
W niniejszej pracy skupiono się głównie na aspektach związanych z wykorzystaniem termowizji w medycynie. W skrócie omówiono teoretyczne podstawy termowizji z uwzględnieniem prawa Maxa Plancka i stałej Stefana-Boltzmana. W sposób prosty i przejrzysty scharakteryzowano podstawowe zagadnienia związane z pomiarami termowizyjnymi, aparaturą pomiarową oraz pokrótce omówiono parametry kamer termowizyjnych. Przedstawiono praktyczne zastosowanie termografii w diagnostyce zaburzeń krążenia naczyniowego w kończynach górnych i dolnych. W końcowej części artykułu przedstawiono propozycję własnej metody analizy termogramów w środowisku obliczeniowym Matlab.
EN
The present thesis focuses mainly on aspects related to use of thermovision in medicine. It presents shortly theoretic bases of thermovision, including Max Planck's law and Stefan-Boltzmann constant. The basic issues regarding thermovision measurements and the measurement apparatus are characterized in a simple clear way, including brief description of parameters of thermovision cameras. The thesis gives examples of practical application of thermography in diagnosis of disorders of vascular circulation in upper and lower limbs. The concluding part of the article deals with a proposition of the author's own method of analysis of thermograms in Matlab calculation environment.
6
Content available remote The electroporation system for cells mixture monitored by morphometric analysis of the hybrid picture
Dyszkiewicz A., Wróbel Z., Sławiec M.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2002
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Vol. 4, nr 2
91-99
EN
The outline of issues connected with contemporary application of monoclone antibodies and techniques for obtaining hybrids was presented in the study. The results of research concerning modifications of Zimmerman's methods were obtained. They prove higher efficacy and selectivity of the solution proposed. The system of electroporation with changed geometry of electrodes and parameters of current is being proposed. The procedure is controlled entirely by microprocessor, from the stage of technology parameters' control in incubators of initial cells to creation of appointed mixture of cells in a mixer, and then division into portions, pumping the mixture into hybridisation chamber and, after hybridisation, pumping the mixture over into separate sections of incubator. The hybridisation system was modified. Transparent water coat was constructed. It was connected to thermostat, on which transparent hybridisation chamber was installed. Lighting from underneath and gap lighting of chamber enable continuous observation of suspended cells by means of microscope lens being connected by picture channel to computer. The software analyses the picture with respect to hybrid selection. The cells marked are planimctrically analysed during the time which was programmed. When the morphometric criteria are met suspended cells are pumped over to separate sections of incubator, where selective breeding of hybrids is carried out. Selection of hybrids takes place in electroosmosis gradient under morphometric control of cells in microcapillary systems.
7
Content available remote Measurement of tissue pressure with symptoms of compartment syndrome
Živéak J., Šimšik D.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2002
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Vol. 4, nr 2
101-104
EN
The increase in the tissue pressure (TP) in the compartment can be due to the internal pressure (contusion, swelling, inflammation), or due to the external pressure (tight bandage, pneumatic splint). Injury and a deep thrombosis of a blood vessel lead to the stasis and subsequently to the lowering of arterial-venous gradient just the same as this associated with lowering of arterial medium pressure due to the shock with the excessive positioning of the extremity. Our aim was to establish the value of TP and thus to prevent the symptoms of the compartment syndrome. Tte above-mentioned problem can be solved by measuring the tissue pressure in a real time, where the approximation of an invasive and a non-invasive pressure is proved by a comparative measurement.
8
Content available remote 3D hand modelling and analysis using data-gloves: theory and its applications in Parkinson's disease
Allen C. R., Geng Su. D., Burn D., Brechany U.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2002
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Vol. 4, nr 1
3-30
EN
In this application, 3D electromagnetic sensors have been integrated into a data-glove to accurately model and capture the motion of the human hand. By modelling the movement of the human hand, this system has been shown to accurately measure the rest tremor evident in subjects with Parkinson's disease. It was found that 11 sensors were sufficient to model the human hand, including all the phalanges. A capture rate of 10 measurements per 1 s was achieved. A discrete Fourier analysis has been applied to extract the tremor frequency from the sensor data time series. Further an analysis of the instantaneous speed of hand motion has been used to extract clinically significant diagnosis. The technique described is seen to provide an objective and quantitative method for the analysis of clinic conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) as a way to asscss the eflect of therapeutic interventions.
9
Elastyczność koderów falkowych w systemach archiwizacji i transmisji medycznych danych obrazowych
Przelaskowski A.
Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Elektronika
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2001
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z. 130
105-122
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza najbardziej istotnych cech koderów falkowych użytecznych w medycznych systemach informacyjnych, przede wszystkim archiwizacji i transmisji sieciowej. Falkowa kompresja obrazów łączy wysokie wymagania co do efektywności kompresji z dużą użytecznością nowej reprezentacji danych. Dużą rolę odgrywa tutaj efektywny bank filtrów odwracalnych i sposób tworzenia reprezentacji wyjściowej, która umożliwi progresyjną transmisję zorientowaną na jakość, a także swobodny wybór obszarów zainteresowań, które mogą być rekonstruowane bezstratnie przy znaczącej redukcji treści fragmentów nieistotnych. Także dostępność do wersji obrazu o różnej rozdzielczości jest istotna z punktu widzenia baz danych i licznych urządzeń peryferyjnych. Warto także zwrócić uwagę na mechanizmy zabezpieczające transmitowany strumień danych przed błędami i przekłamaniami, występującymi szczególnie przy bezprzewodowej transmisji w systemach telemedycznych. Na przykladzie efektywnych technik kompresji falkowej, w tym przede wszystkim nowego standardu JPEG2000 prezentowane są i testowane użyteczne własności koderów. W konkluzjach dokonana jest syntezqa zagadnienia konstrukcji skutecznej reprezentacji strumienia danych dla obrazów medycznych.
EN
We consider the most important coder features which can be useful in medical teleinformation systems. Wavelet coders are very efficient for lossy and lossless compression. Additionally, it is possible to create an output data stream in an arbitrary way to make it useful in medical applications. Flexible output data representation is formed by reversible integer-to-integer wavelet transform and controlled bit map encoding. Progressive data transmission oriented on resolution, quality, component, spatial position or selected ROI makes it suitable for many applications, like telediagnosis, data base indexing and retrieval, fitting to different output devices etc. Also error resilience for wireless image data transmission is very useful in reliable medical information systems. The functionality of a compressed data stream is tested and analysed and the most suitable solutions are concluded.
10
Content available remote The estimation of structural anisotropy of trabecular and cortical bone tissues based on ultrasonic velocity and attenuation
Trębacz H., Gawda H.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2001
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Vol. 3, nr 2
41-48
EN
Velocity of ultrasound and broad-band ultrasound attenuation (BUA) were measured in three perpendicular directions in anisotropic samples of cancellous and cortical bones. The aim was to study tte influence of microarchitecture of bone tissue on ultrasound propagation in bone. The pulse transmission method (1 MHz and 3.5 MHz) and the Fourier analysis of transmitted were applied. The dependence of both ultrasonic parameters on the orientation and the correlation between the degree of the anisotropy and bone density were stated. In cancellous bone samples, both velocity and BUA had extreme value in the direction of trabeculae alingment. In cortical bone, maximal velocity was in the axial direction, while BUA in this direction was minimal. The influence of the anisotropy of bone structure, both cancellous and cortical, on ultrasonic parameters is discussed.
11
Content available remote Modelling of pulsatory flows in blood vessels
Dindorf R., Wołkow J.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2001
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Vol. 3, nr 2
15-30
EN
The paper deals with the method of modelling of blood pulsatory flow in the vessels of circulatory system. The method is based upon the solution of wave equation applied in the theory of four-pole. In a graphic presentation of a vessel of distributed parameters, a model of bond graphs with new elements of DB type ise used. Basic physiological simulation experiment using bond graphs was performed. The aim of the experiment was to model the changes of pressure and volume in a left heart-aorta segment.
12
Content available remote Human cardiovascular system with heat failure under baroreflex control (numerical model)
Prevorovská S., Musil J., Maršik F.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2001
|
Vol. 3, nr 1
39-52
EN
Numerical simulation of the cardiovascular haemodynamics has become a useful tool of the surgeon who diagnoses cardiovascular diseases and recommends the way of their medical treatment. The numerical model of the cardiovascular system of pulsating type imitating the electrochemical and mechanical activity of heart muscle and being under a short-term baroreflex control has been implemented to diagnose more accurate a patient's haemodynamic profile. This model enables thus the simulation of the haemodynamic reaction due to the baroreflex response at various perturbations in the circulatory system. The haemodynamic behaviour of the cardiovascular system in the cases of the heart failure as a consequence of the left-ventricular hypocontractility, with the usage of the heart support device and the circulatory failure caused by haemorrhagic shock are demonstrated.
13
Content available remote Experimental investigation of cervical spine fixators
Pezowicz C.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2001
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Vol. 3, nr 2
3-13
EN
The author uses a holographic interferometry technique to measure the displacement of cervical spine fixators when applied to a section of cadaveric spine which is loaded in bending and torsion. The analysis was undertaken to assess the effect of stabilizers implanted in the cervical section of the spine on the load bearing mode and the rigidity relationships.
14
Content available remote Endothelial cell responses to fluid shear stress
Kamiya A.
Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering
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2000
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Vol. 20, no. 3
21-33
EN
Implications of vascular endothelial cell (EC) responses to flow-oriented wall shear stress are outlined from the bioengineering viewpoint. These responses regulate the adaptive remodeling of the vascular system including capilIary networks, in a negative feedback mechanism maintaining the shear stress level constant. The preserved set point of the stress is selected so as to optimize the mass transport function of the system. To initiate such shear-dependent responses, EC has a mechano-sensor conjugated with second messengers, one of which is cytoplasmic Ca(2+) transient. The evidence that wall shear stress is the real factor inducing the transient, is visualized from an in vitro flow loading experiment to cultured ECs using mediums differing in viscosity.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono implikacje występowania reakcji komórki śródbłonka na naprężenia ścinające w ścianie naczynia, związane z przepływem płynu. Reakcje te kontrolują adaptację systemu naczyń krwionośnych, łącznie z siecią kapilar, utrzymując naprężenia ścinające na stałym poziomie za pomocą mechanizmu ujemnego sprzężenia zwrotnego. Zadany poziom naprężeń jest tak dobrany, aby optymalizować funkcję transportu masowego układu naczyniowego. W celu inicjacji reakcji, zależnej od poziomu naprężeń ścinających, komórki nabłonka wykorzystują mechano-sensor połączony z innymi "przekaźnikami", z których jednym jest transport wapnia. Dowód, że naprężenia ścinające w ściance naczyń są czynnikiem uruchamiającym ten "transport" jest widoczny podczas badań in vitro mechanizmu przepływu medium o różnej lepkości w hodowli komórek śródbłonka.
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