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Study of the Bacteriological Quality of a Continental Wetland – Case of the Dayet Er Roumi Lake (Khemisset, Morocco)

Sadki Mohcine, Chahlaoui Abdelkader, Saidi Abdelhak, Belkhiri Abdelkhalek, Bengoumi Driss

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

205--217

EN

The Dayet Er Roumi lake located in the biogeographic zone of the central meseta belonging to the province of Khemisset, constitutes the only permanent natural lake of low altitude in Morocco. The lake’s water body is the essence of the existence of this natural and environmental space. The objective of the present study was on the one hand to evaluate the current state of the bacteriological quality of the waters lake Dayet Er Roumi, and on the other hand to define the risks of the pollution waters lake, and its origin. In order to carry out this work well, the evolution of the bacteriological parameters of the waters lake during the period from October 2020 until September 2021 was studied at the level of four stations of sampling. The obtained results showed that the waters of Dayet Er Roumi are confronted with a strong pressure generated by the discharges of domestic waters of the neighbouring agglomerations and also by activities of natural, agricultural and tourist origin. Indeed, the bacterial load is expressed by a high load of bacteria indicative of fecal contamination which varies between 50 and 346∙103 CFU/1 ml for total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF) at 22 °C, 6 and 72∙103 CFU/1 ml for TAMF at 37 °C, 15 and 62∙103 CFU/100 ml for total coliforms (TC), 0 and 4350 CFU/100 ml for faecal coliforms, 0 and 16 350 CFU/100 ml for faecal streptococci, 1 and 13∙103 CFU/20 ml for sulphite-reducing anaerobes, 38 and 22 680 CFU/100 ml for Staphylococcus aureus and between 160 and 33 600 CFU/100 ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results largely exceed the Moroccan standards for the water intended for irrigation. They could be the cause of possible contamination of irrigated crops as well as groundwater in the region, and consequently have repercussions on human health.

2

Bacteriological Quality Status of Spring Waters from the Taanzoult Plain (Aguelmam Sidi Ali Wetland, Morocco)

Sammoudi Rachid, Chahlaoui Abdelkader, Ouarrak Khadija, Taha Imane, Khaffou Mhamed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

184--191

EN

The Taanzoult plain of Aguelmam Sidi Ali wetland contains several permanent springs of water. They are intended for watering livestock, supplying drinking water and hydrotherapy. Nevertheless, the water consumption from sources in the raw state, without any pre-treatment or hygienic measures, certainly threatens the health of humans and particularly that of traditional medicine patients. From this perspective, the present work is based on a monthly monitoring of eight bacterial germs in the waters of four sources (Aghbalou Aberchane, Aghbalou Dkhiss, Aghbalou Akjdate and forestry post) during a hydrobiological cycle of 12 months from January to December 2017. The results of analyses have shown that bacterial contamination is significant at the water sources, used mainly for watering livestock, compared to those dedicated to drinking and hydrotherapy. The mean content of total coliforms and fecal coliforms at all the stations are higher than the Moroccan standards for surface water intended for the drinking water production. Except for the wet period for Aghbalou Aberchane and Aghbalou Dkhiss waters, the value of the bacterial parameters studied are higher than the Moroccan standards. In general, the anarchic frequentation of the area negatively influences the water quality and compromises its potability. Consequently, it directly threatens the health of users and hydrotherapy patients, especially during the dry season. These findings could call on the health authorities and the competent authorities responsible for controlling the quality of surface water to make users aware of the health risks and provide for appropriate arrangements to improve the quality of the widely sought-after natural waters.

3

Water Quality of Traditional Rainwater Storage Tanks in Southern Morocco – Risk for Consumer Health

Gougueni Hicham, Ait Haddou Mohamed, Ez-Zaher Latifa, Bouchriti Youssef, Amiha Rachid, Boutiti Rachida

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 8

9--21

EN

Around the world, the problems of water quality remain a major environmental concern. This study aimed to determine the health risk related to water consumption collected and stored in traditional tanks. In total, 26 water samples from Traditional Rainwater Storage Tanks (TRST) and 11 sediment samples were collected from 13 sites belonging to four different provinces in the Souss Massa region, Morocco. The water samples were subjected to bacteriological and physicochemical analysis. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses were performed to describe the different mineralogical and chemical properties of sediments. The results show that the bacteriological quality is not satisfactory to the required standards in 92% of the samples analyzed. This non-conformity is justified by the presence of microorganism’s indicators of fecal contamination: Total Coliforms (54%), Intestinal Enterococci (62%), Escherichia coli (31%), and Spores of anaerobic sulfite-reducing microorganisms (46%). The physicochemical analyses carried out on the water sampled show that concentrations below the standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Moroccan standard of the different parameters studied. The Water Quality Index (WQI) calculated for all TRST ranges from 10 to 15, indicating excellent water quality. The analysis of the distribution of minerals in the various sediment samples taken shows the presence of several minerals in varying quantities without risk to human health. Clay minerals with tectosilicate are the most detected in the reservoirs. This study showed that the consumption of water stored in the TRST would be without risk to the health of the rural population if preventive maintenance and control measures were taken to improve their bacteriological quality.

4

Network Water Quality at a Hospital Center in Morocco: Bacteriological Survey and Relationship with Human Health

Flouchi Rachid, Elmniai Abderrahim, Abbou Mohamed Ben, Touzani Ibrahim, Fikri-Benbrahim Kawtar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 9

185--191

EN

Water is mandatory for the functioning of hospitals. Its consumption varies from one service to another, and its use can reduce the service quality on one hand and presents a major risk of nosocomial infection on the other hand. The health risks related to the use of water in hospitals are mostly microbiological, but sometimes they can be chemical. For this reason, the conducted work aimed to evaluate, for the first time, the quality and bacteriological efficiency of the network water of the provincial hospital center IBN BAJA in Taza, Northeast Morocco. During one year, 72 samples were analyzed in six surgery departments, one sample per month for each ward at a rate of six samples per month and per department. The results obtained showed that the water quality of the hospital network was in conformity with the requirements of the Moroccan standards. Nonetheless, some bacterial strains such as Aeromonas salmonicida spp salmonicida, Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas luteola, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Stenotrophonomas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia and Micrococcus luteus, which constitute a major risk to human health, were found. Moreover, after sensitivity evaluation to the twenty-seven antibiotics, some strains have been shown to be multi-resistant, which can present a major risk of nosocomial infections in the studied hospital for human beings.

5

Wastewater reuse and mapping of irrigable soils: Case of Sidi Bel Abbes City, Algeria

Mahfoud Zakaria, Khaldi Abdelkader, Korichi Khaled

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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no. 46

153--161

EN

This work aims to evaluate the treated wastewater from the activated sludge treatment plant in the City of Sidi Bel Abbes (North-Western Algeria) which is required for reuse in irrigation. The control of irrigated areas downstream is done based on a pedological study. Physico-chemical analysis such as (pH, BOD5, COD and SS) indicate results in Algerian and international standards required by the WHO. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio and Electrical Conductivity values of the treated wastewater belong to the C3-S1 class. The treated wastewater has a fairly good microbiological quality that meets Algerian standards. The helminth eggs are practically absent. The concentrations of heavy metals are much lower than the limits prescribed in the Algerian decrees. Therefore, the overall processing plant efficiency is satisfactory and has the characteristics of a good treated water quality for reuse in the field of irrigation while protecting the environment. The pedological study of the soil samples shows that the most dominant fraction is undeveloped calcimagnetic. The planned irrigation plain covers an area of about two thousand hectares. Depending on the crops to irrigate; the development and nature of the necessary or recommended improvements, the proposed irrigation perimeter could be classified into five categories in which only three categories are irrigable. Water projects have been proposed to ensure the irrigation of three subdivided sectors.

6

Groundwater’s physicochemical and bacteriological assessment: Case study of well water in the region of Sedrata, North-East of Algeria

Malek Amina, Kahoul Mohamed, Bouguerra Hamza

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2019

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no. 41

91--100

EN

Drinking water is a possible source of humans’ illness when it contains chemicals and microorganisms especially from anthropogenic activities. The water supply from groundwater remains very important in Algeria. To assess the quality of groundwater in the region of Sedrata, analyses were carried out on 26 wells belonging to two neighbouring areas: one urban and the other rural. A study of physicochemical parameters has focused on the measurement of in situ temperature, electrical conductivity, pH and turbidity. Then the following parameters were analysed: hardness, and the elements: Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2–, PO4 3–, Cl–, NO2 –, NO3 –, NH4 + as well as metal trace elements Fe2+, Mn2+, Al3+. The samples taken for the bacteriological study were filtered and introduced into growth medium for the research and enumeration of total germs, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci and sulphite reducing Clostridium. As a result, the contamination of the studied waters is almost general. Some of the most important obtained values are ranging from 4.8 to 76 mg∙dm–3 for nitrates, the recorded values for mesophilic germs vary from 1 to 1100 CFUs∙cm–3. Agricultural activity and livestock products on the one hand and the use of fertilizers on the other hand are the main sources of physicochemical and bacteriological pollution. Contaminated wells should be treated as soon as possible to limit contamination before spreading in the deep aquifers. In the future, it will be necessary not only to assess the health risks related to the level of contamination of these waters, but also to proceed with their treatment before supplying them to consumers.

PL

Woda pitna jest potencjalnym źródłem chorób, kiedy zawiera substancje chemiczne i mikroorganizmy pochodzące z działalności człowieka. Zaopatrzenie w wodę ze źródeł podziemnych odgrywa dużą rolę w Algierii. Aby ocenić jakość wód gruntowych w regionie Sedrata, przeprowadzono analizy w 26 studniach znajdujących się w dwóch sąsiadujących ze sobą obszarach – miejskim i wiejskim. Badania czynników fizycznych i chemicznych obejmowały pomiar in situ temperatury, przewodnictwa elektrolitycznego, pH i mętności wody. Analizowano także twardość, stężenie Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2–, PO4 3–, Cl–, NO2 –, NO3 –, NH4 + i metali śladowych Fe2+, Mn2+, Al3+. Próbki do badań bakteriologicznych sączono i wprowadzano na pożywkę w celu określenia stężenia całkowitej ilości mikroorganizmów, bakterii z grupy coli, fekalnych streptokoków i siarkowych bakterii Clostridium. Wyniki dowodzą, że zanieczyszczenie badanych wód jest powszechne. Spośród najbardziej znaczących wyników należy wymienić stężenie azotanów w zakresie od 4,8 do 76 mg∙dm–3 i mezofilnych bakterii od 1 do 1100 jtk∙cm–3. Rolnictwo, hodowla i chów zwierząt oraz stosowanie nawozów są głównymi źródłami fizycznego, chemicznego i bakteriologicznego zanieczyszczenia wód. Skażone studnie powinny być oczyszczane tak szybko, jak to możliwe, aby zapobiec rozprzestrzenianiu się zanieczyszczeń w całym poziomie wodonośnym. W przyszłości konieczna jest ocena ryzyka zdrowotnego w związku ze skażeniem wód, ale także ich uzdatnianie przed dostarczeniem tych wód do konsumentów.

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Badania mikrobiologiczno-mineralogiczne rud z wybranych złóż Polski

Pawlikowski M., Walczak M., Krawiec A., Wróbel M.

Auxiliary Sciences in Archaeology, Preservation of Relics and Environmental Engineering

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2014

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nr 17

1--28

PL

Wykonano badania mineralogiczno- petrograficzne oraz mikrobiologiczne skał ze złóż miedzi (Lubin), manganu (Tatry – Dolina Chochołowska) i złóż Zn-Pb (Olkusz). Oznaczono skład mineralny skał. Następnie z wnętrza dużych okazów pobrano sterylnie próbki, które rozkruszono i zalano odpowiednimi pożywkami doprowadzając do namnażania się bakterii żyjących w skałach. Otrzymane szczepy poddano badaniom mikrobiologicznym i skaningowym połączonym z chemicznymi analizami EDS wyhodowanych bakterii. Udokumentowano występowanie następujących typów fizjologicznych bakterii: • Skały miedzionośne: heterotroficzne bakterie tlenowe i beztlenowe; bakterie uczestniczące w przemianach związków siarki, w tym beztlenowe heterotroficzne bakterie redukujące siarczany oraz chemoautotroficzne tlenowe bakterie Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Thiobacillus thioparus a także chemoautotroficzne tlenowe bakterie utleniające żelazo Fe2. • Skały manganonośne: heterotroficzne bakterie tlenowe i beztlenowe; bakterie uczestniczące w przemianach związków siarki, w tym beztlenowe heterotroficzne bakterie redukujące siarczany oraz chemoautotroficzne tlenowe bakterie Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Thiobacillus thioparus. • Skały ołowiowo i cynkonośne: heterotroficzne bakterie tlenowe i beztlenowe; bakterie uczestniczące w przemianach związków siarki, w tym beztlenowe heterotroficzne bakterie redukujące siarczany oraz chemoautotroficzne tlenowe bakterie Thiobacillus thiooxidans, Thiobacillus thioparus a także chemoautotroficzne tlenowe bakterie utleniające żelazo Fe2.

EN

Mineralogical –petrographical as well as microbiological investogation of rocks from Cu deposit (Lubin), Mn deposit (Tatra Mts), and Zn-Pb deposit (Olkusz) have been performed. Mineral compostion of rocks devoted for microbiological examination was determined. Material for microbiological examination was taken from center of big samples to keeping sterility. Next obtained material was mixed with nutrient medium for multiplication of bacteria present in rocks. Obtained strains were examined using microbiological as well as mineralogical methods (SEM, EDS). Following types of bacteria were determined: • Cu bearing rocks: • Mn bearing rocks: • Zn-Pb bearing rocks.

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The first Polish interlaboratory comparison of the luminescent bacteria bioassay with three standard toxicants

Nałęcz-Jawecki G., Baran S., Mankiewicz-Boczek J., Niemirycz E., Wolska L., Knapik J., Piekarska K., Bartosiewicz M., Piętowski G.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 36, nr 3

95-102

EN

Quality assurance test with standard toxicants should be carried out regularly to check the sensitivity of the testbiont and the quality of the procedure. In the luminescent bacteria bioassay, zinc sulphate and phenol have been used as the respective inorganic and organic reference sub- stances. ISO 11348 standard proposes 3,5-dichlorophenol (DCP) as a standard toxicant for luminescent bacteria toxicity assay. This work presents the results of the first ring study performed by 9 Polish laboratories. One hundred and twenty five valid toxicity data were received and only 7.2% data were rejected. In the case of DCP, all results were valid and the coefficient of variation for this compound was the lowest.

9

Occurrence of bacteria Salmonella sp. in sewage sludge used in agriculture

Walczak M., Lalke-Porczyk E.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 35, nr 4

5-12

EN

Sewage sludge is characterized by good fertilizer properties and contains significant amount of nutrients and organic matter subject to humification in soil. Therefore, sludge has been effectively spread in order to recultivate degraded areas or to replace humus material in green areas of towns, or to lay lawns by the owners of private houses. The sludge used for agricultural purposes has to meet certain chemical and biological criteria. This study examined the occurrence frequency of bacteria Salmonella in sewage sludge from eight wastewater treatment plants between 1999 and 2007. The results demonstrated that the occurrence frequency of bacteria Salmonella in the sewage sludge strongly depended on the technology used in the treatment plant.

10

Enrichment and molecular diversity of anammox bacteria in uasb reaktor

Yujie Q., Zhou S.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 35, nr 3

17-26

EN

Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria were successfully enriched in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket bioreactor. In this balanceable ecosystem, the proportion between the conversion of ammonium and nitrite and the production of nitrate was found to be 1: 1.30: 0.29, and the removal efficiency of TN reached 90.35%. The microbial community and its diversity in enrichment cultures have been characterized using microscopy and molecular biotechnology. Based on 16S rRNA and phylogenetic analysis, we found four strains in the amplified DNA fragments. Three new species of anammox bacteria were found in this ecosystem.