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The forward-wave and backward-wave behaviors of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional photonic crystals

Jiang P, Yang H., Xie K.

Optica Applicata

2014

Vol. 44, nr 1

17--27

The negative refractions are discussed in detail to demonstrate two different two-dimensional photonic crystal structures that undergo negative refractions associated with the backward-wave and forward-wave phenomenon, respectively. The presentation of the left-handed property of effective negative index photonic crystal is followed by a discussion of a backward flowing phase and causality. The forward-wave negative refraction occurs in photonic crystals as a result of anisotropy. This paper is based on the theoretical analysis and is illustrated with the results of finite element method simulations.