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Studies on the structure of semi-permeable membranes by means of SEM problems and potential sources of errors

Chwojnowski A., Wojciechowski C., Lewińska D., Łukowska E., Nowak J., Kupikowska-Stobba B., Grzeczkowicz M.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2012

Vol. 32, no. 1

51-64

The effect of sputtering with a conductor of the semi-permeable membranes surface on SEM pictures obtained is presented. On the example of photomicrographs of several different types of semi-permeable membranes, changes in the appearance of various membrane surfaces, uncovered and sputtered with thicker and thicker layers of the conductor are presented. It has been shown, how essential differences in the appearance of the studied material can be caused by the deposited conductor. It has been shown what errors in the interpretation of SEM images can be caused by applying the sputtered conductor layer with a thickness insufficient to the structure and properties of the studied material. Necessity of minimizing the layer thickness of the sputtered conductor and experimental determination of the sputtered layer thickness was found. Appropriateness of taking the pictures in the mode without sputtering and necessity of comparing the pictures with and without sputtering have been suggested. The useful way of carrying out magnifications' of membranes made of polymers of low melting points has been also presented.

Ion selective and semi-permeable membranes for biosensors in biomedical applications

Pijanowska D. G., Torbicz W.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2008

Vol. 28, no. 2

11-19

In this paper, a comprehensive review based on research, conducted by authors, related to development of biosensors in respect to different membranes applications is presented. The ion-selective membranes were described in terms of factors determining their stability, which depends on lipophilicity of the membrane components. In the case of enzymatic membranes, relation between stability of the biosensor and immobilisation of enzyme molecules in/on the membranes/surfaces is discussed. Finally, the semi-permeable membranes application in lab-on-a-chip type devices for development of a sampling probe and flow-through biosensors were described.

Non-asbestos diaphragm-cathode systems

Nawrat G., Buczek T., Dukowicz A., Gonet M., Kopyto D.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2003

Vol. 5, nr 3

69-71

The paper deals with the influence of the content of a thickening agent in the suspension for the depositing of Polyramix non-asbestos diaphragms on the applicability of such diaphragms in the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. The effect of the content of xanthane gum, used as a thickening agent, on the permeability of the brine has been determined, and also the influence of the activation of cathodes on performance indices of the obtained diaphragm-cathode systems in test analyses in an experimental electrolyser.