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Zmiany w podejściu do ciężkości pracy i pracy przy komputerze

Jóźwiak Zbigniew

Promotor BHP

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2021

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nr 9

48--51

PL

Z jakimi zmianami borykają się praktycy z branży BHP w przypadku pomiaru wydatku energetycznego oraz pracy przy komputerze? W artykule omawiamy powyższe problemy i zastanawiamy się nad ich ergonomicznym rozwiązaniem.

2

Influence of modern technologies used in rehabilitation on selected functional parameters of the spine of patients with low back pain

Kabała Tomasz, Sawko Łukasz, Dziuba-Słonina Alicja, Giemza Czesław

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

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Vol. 22, no. 4

101--107

EN

The aim of the study was to examine influence of modern technologies used in the DBC method (Documentation Based Care) on the selected functional parameters of the spine of patients with low back pain. Methods: The research group comprised of 196 patients randomly divided into two groups. Patients in Group I were subjected to DBC treatment with modern rehabilitation equipment, while patients in Group II underwent the traditional form of therapeutic exercise. All subjects included in the study suffered from chronic low-back pain lasting for a period of at least three months. All the symptoms were non-specific. Results: The results presented in the article unequivocally reveal that patients who underwent DBC treatment achieved better, statistically significant improvement in spinal functionality. Conclusions: The modern technologies introduced to the treatment had a considerable impact on the selected functional parameters of the spine of patients with low back pain. The DBC method used as a rehabilitation program for low back pain had a statistically significant influence on the functional parameters of the spine.

3

Problem bólów kręgosłupa u tancerzy zawodowych

Gorwa J.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

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2016

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z. 10

17--24

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu opisano mechanizm powstawania dolegliwości bólowych kręgosłupa występujących wśród tancerzy zawodowych uprawiających trzy różne style taneczne. Przeanalizowano dane ankietowe zebrane od 71 tancerzy zawodowych: 29 tancerzy klasycznych, 14 tancerzy współczesnych oraz 28 tancerzy folklorystycznych. Z grupy liczącej 71 osób, aż 65 osób (91,6%) zgłosiło bóle kręgosłupa w różnych jego częściach i powiązało je z uprawianiem swojego zawodu. Tylko 6 osób (8,5%) nigdy nie miało dolegliwości bólowych w tym obszarze aparatu ruchowego.

EN

This study undertakes to explain the mechanism of back pain in professional dancers specialising in three styles of dance. In order to determine the topography of back pain data collected from 71 professional dancers were analysed: 29 classical dancers, 14 modern dancers and 28 folk dancers.. In the group of 71 participants as many as 65 (91.6%) reported back pain in various parts of the spine and linked it to their profession. Only 6 participants (8.5%) never experienced pain in this area.

4

The Effects of Experience and the Presence of a Scaffold Handrail on Postural and Spinal Stability in Construction Workers

Min S. N., Kim J. Y., Parnianpour M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 3

491--502

EN

The goal of this study was to quantify the effect of experience and handrail presence on trunk muscle activities, rotational spinal stiffness and postural stability of construction workers. We evaluated spinal stability, and objective and subjective postural stability in 4 expert and 4 novice construction workers who were performing a manual task in a standing position on a scaffold, with and without a safety handrail. Center of pressure was computed using measurements taken with insole pressure transducers. Muscle activity was monitored usingsurface electrodes placed on 8 trunk muscles that predicted active trunk rotational stiffness. Standard deviations of the center of pressure, back muscle activity and spinal stiffness were greater in novices and in the absence of a handrail. We infer that the risk of a fall due to postural and spinal instability may be greater with a lower level of experience and in the absence of a safety handrail.

5

The biomechanical and functional relationship between temporomandibular dysfunction and cervical spine pain

Walczyńska-Dragon K., Baron S.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2011

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Vol. 13, no. 4

93-98

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of TMD on spinal pain and to check whether TMD therapy helps to cure spinal pain. The total number of 44 evaluated patients underwent physical examination of masticatory motor system, including an evaluation of TMJ function with a Zebris JMA device and an analysis of the cervical spine motion using a Zebris MCS device. Patients from the treated (tested) group, who were diagnosed with TMD, were treated with an occlusal splint. Subsequent examinations were planned 3 weeks and 3 months after the treatment. The results show that there is a close correlation between TMD and spinal pain. The results of the tests performed 3 months after the beginning of occlusal splint therapy show a significant improvement in TMJ function as well as a reduction in spinal pain, as general motor parameters of spinal movements improved.

6

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders at Workplaces in the People's Republic of China

Bao S., Winkel J., Shahnavaz H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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Vol. 6, No. 4

557--574

EN

This paper presents 2 musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire surveys in 10 different Chinese occupational groups. Data collected from 1,603 workers using a modified Nordic musculoskeletal disorders symptom questionnaire showed that the 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in the low back and shoulder-neck regions, was high at many Chinese workplaces. Significant differences existed between occupational groups. Assembly workers usually had higher neck-shoulder complaints compared to workers in most other occupations. However, the nature of assembly seemed also to influence the prevalence rate. Workers at a cassette recorder and a TV set assembly plant appeared to have more neck complaints compared with a group of thermos flask assemblers.

7

Low Back Muscle Activity in an Automobile Seat with a Lumbar Massage System

Kolich M., Taboun S. M., Mohamed A. I.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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Vol. 6, No. 1

113--128

EN

This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of a massaging lumbar support system on low back muscle activity. The apparatus included a luxury-level automobile seat, six 10-mm diameter bipolar surface electrodes, an amplifier, an anaiog-to-digital conversion board, data acquisition software, and a personal computer. Six experimental conditions, each involving a variation of massage time, were considered. The dependent variable was the change in the root mean square variation of the EMG signal. One minute of lumbar massage every 5 min was found to have a beneficial effect on low back muscle activity (as compared to no massage). This may prove to be an extremely important result in the quest to combat low back pain attributable to automobile seating.

8

Evaluation of Low Back Pain Risks in a Beef Skinning Operation

Das B., Sengupta A. K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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Vol. 6, No. 3

347--361

EN

The low back pain risks in a beef skinning operation at a high stand kill floor workstation was evaluated. The increases in compressive forces at lower back (L5/S1) between normal slump (back angle 25°, measured in the sagittal plane) and severe (45°) and between normal slump and very severe (70°) bent back postures were 387 N or 28% and 616 N or 45%, respectively. The high spine load coupled with high level of repetition can have a high probability of fatigue failure in the spine structural members. Non-neutral back posture for a large portion of the total work time can be a low back pain risk factor. The videotape analysis showed that the times involved during the task performance for the bent back (more than 25°) and severe bent back (more than 45°) were 48.4 and 33.5% of the total cycle time, respectively. The upper limit from OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System) for bent back posture is 30% of the total cycle time. The bent and twisted back posture (both more than 25°) time was 10.4% compared to OWAS limit of 5%. This indicated that actions are needed in the near future to alleviate the risk of low back pain. Ergonomics redesign of the workstation was recommended for the operation.

9

Effects of Manual Handling, Posture, and Whole Body Vibrations on Low-Back Pain

Meyer J. P., Flenghi D., Deschamps J. P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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1998

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Vol. 4, No. 4

449--470

EN

To determine the effect of occupational stress on low-back pain (LBP), a cross-sectional study has been carried out, by interviews, on workers exposed to 3 stresses: manual handling (MH, 82 women and 264 men), whole body vibrations (WBV, 274 men), and static postures (278 women). Anthropometric data, occupational stress, LBP severity and frequency, and a psychological evaluation of these groups were compared to those of a control population of 208 workers (104 men and 104 women). The results show that 30% of the population had never suffered from LBP. Age and the body mass index of the workers were the parameters most closely associated with LBP. Women involved in MH had higher frequency and severity of LBP than their reference population. Men involved in MH or exposed to WBV had higher frequency of painful episodes than their reference population. Workers exposed to one of the stresses were on sick leave for LBP more often, and for longer periods, than workers in the reference group. The results show that individual factors are often decisive in the onset of LBP. Nevertheless, in the more serious LBP cases, occupational stress is an aggravating factor for LBP and its consequences.