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1

Impact of Cedzyna reservoir on selected physicochemical parameters of river water quality (Swietokrzyskie Mountains, Poland)

Przybylska Joanna, Kaleta Joanna, Kozłowski Rafał

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2019

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R. 24, NR 1-2

117--125

EN

The monitoring of selected physicochemical parameters and chemical composition of water was conducted in 2017-2018 in the Lubrzanka river and the Cedzyna reservoir (Swietokrzyskie Mountains, Poland). The results indicate that the impact of reservoir on the quality of river water depends on natural characteristics of the catchment as well as on the present anthropogenic pressure. Retention of water in the reservoir caused seasonally diversified changes in analysed parameters, including an increase in water temperature, retention of major ions, nutrients and trace elements. Further research is needed to assess the risk of contamination of lower course of the river with metals deposited in reservoir’s bottom sediments.

2

Physicochemical methods of nitrates removal from wastewater

Żołnierczyk Maciej, Barbusiński Krzysztof

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2019

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Vol. 12, no. 3

153--159

EN

Nitrate(V) ions in surface water and sewage are pollutants, which excessive concentration have a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems. Due to the chemical properties, removal of nitrates from wastewater is a difficult process. In the municipal sector, biological denitrification (activated sludge) is the most commonly used process. However, in the case of industrial wastewater, where inhibiting substances or substances toxic to microorganisms are present in wastewater, it is necessary to use other types of methods. It is possible to distinguish here methods based on physicochemical processes, in particular: physicochemical separation, chemical or electrochemical reduction and oxidation under supercritical conditions. At present, membrane methods and ion exchange processes are used mainly in the industrial sector because of the high knowledge of the technology and the amount of applications used. Intensive studies are also being carried out on methods using chemical reduction processes, where greatest advantage is the ability to transform nitrates to neutral molecular nitrogen.

3

Electrodeposition of silver from nitrate-tartrate solutions

Rudnik E.

Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, no. 2

81--89

EN

The electrodeposition of silver from AgNO3 solutions with the addition of L-tartaric acid was investigated. The cathodic reaction was accompanied by low electrode polarization and run under activation control for AgNO3 concentrations of above 70 mM. Tartaric acid only slightly shifted the polarization curves towards more electronegative potentials (by approx. 50 mV), but it did not change the rate-determining step. The activation control of the process resulted in the formation of rough and coherent deposits, while the mixed or diffusion control of the process promoted the formation of dendritic-like structures and spongy deposits.

PL

Przeprowadzono badania katodowego osadzania srebra z roztworów AgNO3 zawierających L-kwas winowy. Reakcji katodowej towarzyszy mała polaryzacja elektrody, a redukcja biegnie w zakresie kontroli aktywacyjnej dla stężeń AgNO3 powyżej 70 mM. Dodatek kwasu winowego w niewielkim stopniu przesuwa krzywe polaryzacyjne w kierunku bardziej ujemnych potencjałów (o ok. 50 mV), nie zmieniając jednak etapu powolnego reakcji katodowej. W zakresie kontroli aktywacyjnej tworzą się szorstkie i zwarte warstwy srebra, natomiast zakres kontroli mieszanej lub stężeniowej sprzyja tworzeniu się struktur dendrytopodobnych lub gąbczastych.

4

Nitrate concentratio - related safety of drinking water from various sources intended for consumption by neonates and infants

Królak E., Raczuk J.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2018

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Vol. 44, no. 1

3--9

EN

The aim of the paper is to compare nitrate concentrations in samples of supply water as well as water from deep and dug wells located in the eastern region of Poland. Additionally, samples of bottled water (spring and natural mineral), certified by the Institute of Mother and Child and the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, were subjected to analyses. On the basis of the obtained results, health risks related to the occurrence of methemoglobinemia in neonates and infants were evaluated. The risk analysis was performed according to the procedure recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Nitrate concentrations in the examined samples ranged from: 0.153–161.1 mg/l. The lowest concentration of nitrates was determined in the samples of bottled water, the highest being detected in the water from dug wells. It was found that nitrate concentration in samples of bottled and supply water did not pose any risk to the health of neonates and infants. The highest health risk related to methemoglobinemia occurs for neonates consuming water originating from dug wells. The risk decreases along with the age of an infant.

PL

Porównano stężenie azotanów w próbkach wody wodociągowej, ze studni głębinowych i kopanych zlokalizowanych na obszarze wschodniej Polski oraz w wody butelkowanej (źródlana i naturalna mineralna), posiadającej atest Instytutu Matki i Dziecka i Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników dokonano oceny ryzyka zdrowotnego, związanego z występowaniem methemoglobinemii u noworodków i niemowląt. Ocenę ryzyka wykonano zgodnie z procedurą rekomendowaną przez Amerykańska Agencję Ochrony Środowiska. Stężenie azotanów w badanych próbkach wody zmieniało się w zakresie: 0,153–161,1 mg/l. Najmniejsze stężenie azotanów oznaczono w próbkach wody butelkowanej, największe odnotowano w próbkach wody studziennej. Ustalono, że stężenie azotanów w próbkach wody butelkowanej i wodociągowej nie stanowi zagrożenia dla zdrowia noworodków i niemowląt. Największe ryzyko zdrowotne związane z narażeniem noworodków na methemoglobinemię może występować w przypadku spożycia wody ze studni kopanych. Zmniejsza się ono wraz z wiekiem niemowlęcia.

5

Vertical migrations in an Alpine grassland cambisol after long-term sewage sludge application

Sager M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2017

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Vol. 24, nr 1

141--158

EN

Differences between vertical mobilities of nutrient and trace elements within a long-term sludge-treated and an adjacent untreated Alpine grassland cambisol were investigated by column experiments. The site had been intensely fertilized with urban sewage sludge for 10 years of 7.5 Mg/ha annually, whereas an adjacent site had been left untreated. A model column experiment was set up to investigate changes of permeabilities and trace element retentions at 0-20 cm and 20-60 cm layers thereof. Elution was performed with de-ionized water at amounts of expected rainfall at the sampling site (1000 mm), as well as with equal volume of manure after biogas production. Long-term sludge treatment increased organic carbon, formation of ammonium and nitrate, and increased vertical mobility of K, P, S, Cu, and Fe, but also slightly higher (below 10-fold) for Na, Sr, Ba, Ni and V. Additional application of manure was of minor effect, mainly upon nitrate formation, and upon leaching of Fe, Mn as well as Fe/Mn proportion. Prior addition of FeCl2 to the manure in order to increase sulfide precipitation, mainly affected the output of ammonia, but hardly the cations or anions (e.g. P) investigated.

6

Chemical reduction of nitrates in the wastewater from 2-EHN production

Barbusiński K., Żołnierczyk M.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2016

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Vol. 9, no. 4

101--106

EN

The objective of the research was to determine the efficiency of nitrate removal from wastewater from 2-ethylhexyl nitrate production using chemical reduction process. The average concentration of nitrate nitrogen in raw wastewater was about 5.2 g/dm3. The processes of chemical reduction were conducted both in batch and continuous flow reactor under strongly acid conditions using two reducers: steel swarf, as a source of iron, and technical grade urea. In the batch process the maximum degree of nitrate removal equal to 24.4% was obtained in the process modification with pre-digesting of the steel swarf in a concentrated acid. The continuous process was carried out in a single, two- and three-stage system. In order to increase the efficiency of reaction the wastewater was heated to a temperature 70–75°C. The impact of degree of wastewater recirculation, temperature and quantity of steel swarf on the reaction efficiency was evaluated. In optimal conditions (pH<1; temperature in the range of 70–75°C) the maximum degree of nitrate removal equal to 92.2% was obtained in a two-stage system at six times of recirculation of wastewater. However, for economic reasons as the best modification it was a triple-stage system at tenfold recirculation (effectiveness 89.3%), in which the wastewater was heated only to 34°C, i.e. the actual temperature of wastewater from the production of 2-EHN.

PL

Celem badań było określenie efektywności usuwania azotanów(V) ze ścieków z produkcji azotanu 2-etyloheksylowego w procesie chemicznej redukcji. Średnie stężenie azotanów(V) w ściekach surowych wynosiło około 5.2 g/dm3. Procesy chemicznej redukcji realizowane były w układzie porcjowym oraz przepływowym w warunkach silnego zakwaszenia ścieków przy wykorzystaniu dwóch rodzajów reduktorów: wiórków stalowych jako źródła jonów żelaza i mocznika. W układzie porcjowym maksymalny stopień usunięcia azotanów(V) równy 24.4% uzyskano dla modyfikacji z wykorzystaniem wstępnego roztwarzania stalowych wiórków w stężonym kwasie. Proces redukcji w układzie przepływowym prowadzono w systemie jedno-, dwu- i trójstopniowym. W celu zwiększenia efektywności procesu redukcji ścieki były podgrzewane do temperatury 70–75°C. Oceniano wpływ stopnia recyrkulacji ścieków, temperatury i ilości wiórków stalowych na efektywność reakcji redukcji. W najkorzystniejszych warunkach (pH<1; temp. w zakresie 70–75°C) maksymalny stopień redukcji azotanów(V) równy 92.2% uzyskano w systemie dwustopniowym przy sześciokrotnej recyrkulacji ścieków. Jednak z powodów ekonomicznych za najlepszą modyfikację uznano trzystopniowy system z dziesięciokrotną recyrkulacją (efektywność 89.3%), w którym ścieki podgrzewano jedynie do 34°C tzn. do rzeczywistej temperatury ścieków z produkcji 2-EHN.

7

Spatial Distribution of Carbonaceous Aerosol in the Southeastern Baltic Sea Region (Event of Grass Fires)

Dudoitis V., Byčenkienė S., Plauškaitė K., Bozzetti C., Fröhlich R., Mordas G., Ulevičius V.

Acta Geophysica

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2016

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Vol. 64, no. 3

711--731

EN

The aerosol chemical composition in air masses affected by large vegetation fires transported from the Kaliningrad region (Russia) and southeast regions (Belarus and Ukraine) during early spring (March 2014) was characterized at the remote background site of Preila, Lithuania. In this study, the chemical composition of the particulate matter was studied by high temporal resolution instruments, including an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) and a seven-wavelength aethalometer. Air masses were transported from twenty to several hundred kilometres, arriving at the measurement station after approximately half a day of transport. The concentration-weighted trajectory analysis suggests that organic aerosol particles are mainly transported over the Baltic Sea and the continent (southeast of Belarus). Results show that a significant fraction of the vegetation burning organic aerosol is transformed into oxidised forms in less than a half-day. Biomass burning aerosol (BBOA) was quantified from the ACSM data using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis, while its spatial distribution was evaluated using air mass clustering approach.

8

Azot mineralny w płytkich wodach podziemnych Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego

Jóźwiak K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 10/1

791--795

EN

The presence of mineral forms of nitrogen in the ground waters of the Kampinoski National Park (KPN) varies considerably. The research results have shown that during the nitrogen changes within the active exchange zone, nitrification processes prevail in the KPN area and the surroundings. Denitrification processes occurs as second-rate mainly to the swamp environment. The type and intensity of specific processes depends on the genesis of the environment concerned, the content of oxygen and redox conditions. The analysis of the concentration of mineral nitrogen forms can be used to asses the degree of anthropopressure in the area of the park itself and its protection zone.

9

Soil Fauna Diversity Relationship with NO3 Content in Grass Filter Strips within Intensive Agriculture Land

Hlava J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 2

273--279

EN

The biodiversity is a core value in all ecosystems. The nitrogen (N) addition in the form of N fertilizers has effect to a wide variety of fauna living in soils. N losses from arable land should tend not only to cause water eutrophication, but also lower soil nutrient stocks and decreasing soil fertility. This study determined the effect of N soil content in conventional tillage agro-ecosystem on the soil fauna diversity in grass stripes under the sloped arable land. My objective here is to observe soil faunal taxa living in grass filter strips. The goal of this work is to describe the relationship of soil fauna to the nitrate (NO3-) content runoff from fields and captured in grass filter strips. The field work was carried out during period from May until June 2013, for soil fauna investigation the extraction in Berlese — Tullgren funnels were used. Nitratenitrogen (NO3-N) was extracted from air-dried sieved soil using a 2 M KCl solution. Altogether 2,020 specimens representing 19 arthropod groups were found in twenty study sites. Most abundant taxa found practically in each of sampling site were Collembola, Acari and the suborder of Oribatid mites. Statistical evaluations revealed that the effect of NO3- concentration in the soil on the average value of the total edaphic individual numbers was statistically significant; the same applies for the abundance of Acari mites. No significant results were find for the Oribatid mites and the Collembola family; however, there was a clear trend of increasing abundance with increasing concentrations of NO3-.

10

Electrochemical behavior of tellurium in acidic nitrate solutions

Rudnik E., Biskup P.

Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 40 no. 1

15-31

EN

Electrochemistry of tellurium stationary electrode was studied in acidic nitrate solutions with pH 1.5–3.0. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that two products were formed at potentials above 300 mV (SCE): soluble HTeO2+ (500 mV) and sparingly soluble H2TeO3 (650 mV), but the former seemed to be an intermediate product for TeO2 precipitation on the electrode surface. Formation of the solid products as porous layers was almost undisturbed and no electrode passivation was observed. H2TeO3 and TeO2 dissolved to HTeO2+ under acidic electrolyte, but this process was hindered by pH increase. Cathodic polarization of tellurium electrode below –800 mV was accompanied by the evolution of H2Te, which was then oxidized at the potentials approx. –700 mV. H2Te generated in the electrochemical reaction decomposed to elemental tellurium as black powdery precipitates in the bulk of the solution and a bright film drifting on the electrolyte surface.

PL

Przeprowadzono badania elektrochemiczne telluru w kwaśnych roztworach azotanowych o pH 1.5–3.0. Pomiary metodą woltammetrii cyklicznej wykazały obecność dwóch produktów tworzących się przy potencjałach powyżej 300 mV (NEK): rozpuszczalny HTeO2+ (500 mV) i trudno rozpuszczalny H2TeO3 (650 mV), przy czym pierwszy z nich stanowi produkt pośredni tworzenia się TeO2. Formowanie się produktów stałych w postaci porowatych warstw nie prowadziłodo pasywacji elektrody. H2TeO3 i TeO2 ulegały rozpuszczaniu pod wpływem roztworu z utworzeniem HTeO2+, lecz proces ten ulegał zahamowaniu przez wzrost pH. Katodowa polaryzacja elektrody tellurowej poniżej –800 mV prowadziła do tworzenia się H2Te, który ulegał utlenianiu przy potencjałach ok. –700 mV. H2 Te generowany w reakcji elektrodowej ulegał rozpadowi do telluru elementarnego występującego w dwóch postaciach (jako czarny osad i srebrzysty film).

11

Ecological importance of seed dimorphism in corn spurry (Spergula arvensis L.) 2. The effects of nitrate concentrations and temperature on seed germination

Kucewicz M., Gojło E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 4

675--682

EN

Spergula arvenis produces two types of seeds that differ in the absence (non papillate, NP) or presence (papillate, P) of papilla on the seed coat. Corn spurry inhabits cultivated soils and ruderal fields and usually encounters substantial variations in soil nutrients. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrate concentrations and temperature (10–30°C) on the germination of heteromorphic seeds. NP and P seeds were characterized by different nitrate optima, dormancy-breaking temperature and initial germination times. NP seeds germinated better and faster than P seeds. NP seeds germinated at all nitrate solutions and all temperatures. NP seeds responded to 5 mM nitrate concentration at 15, 20 and 30°C. In 25 and 50 mM KNO3 solution, the germination was relatively high and leveled out at a wider temperature range (15–30°C). The highest germination of NP seeds was at 25°C (25, 50 mM KNO3). NP seeds began to germinate on the second day of the germination test at 15–30°C (in 25 mM KNO3 solution) and at 20–30°C (in 50 mM KNO3 solution). The germination percentage of P seeds was lower than NP seeds under identical conditions. P seeds in water failed to sprout at any of the applied incubation temperatures. Seeds incubated in low and medium nitrate concentrations did not germinate or germinated weakly at all temperatures. Seed dormancy was released in solutions with high nitrate levels incubated at 10–25°C. The highest germination of P seeds was at 50 mM solution and at 15°C. Under these conditions, the P seeds germinated the most (reaching 43%), with the initial germination being observed on experimental day 3,7. P seeds had more requirements for germination than NP seeds. However, in 50 mM KNO3 solution the range of temperatures over which these seeds were able to germinate was the same regardless of seed type. Nevertheless, the percentage of NP germinants was still much higher. The different requirements for germination of NP and P seeds may result in the production of two offspring cohorts that differ in response to nitrate levels in the soil, population density and temperature conditions. Most likely, this germination strategy is an important mechanism of ecological adaptation that enables the survival of S. arvensis plants in an unpredictable environment.

12

Studium zagrożeń wybuchowych powodowanych spontanicznym rozkładem termicznym emulsji azotanu(V) amonu. Cz. 2, Kinetyka procesu rozkładu termicznego, szacowanie ryzyka wybuchu cieplnego

Wrzesiński J. A., Kołaczkowski A., Maciejewski P., Pich R., Nagrodzka M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2012

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T. 91, nr 2

173-177

PL

Wyznaczono numerycznie stałe kinetyczne procesu rozkładu termicznego emulsji azotanu(V) amonu, posługując się efektami cieplnymi uzyskanymi techniką kalorymetryczną. Metodą symulacji komputerowej oszacowano ryzyko wybuchu cieplnego reagującego układu w czasie produkcji, magazynowania i transportu emulsji azotanu(V) amonu.

EN

Kinetic parameters of the thermal decompn. of NH₄NO₃ emulsions were calc. from thermal effects formerly detd. by using a reaction heat flow calorimeter. The risk for heat explosion of the reacting compn. during prodn., transportation and storage of NH₄NO₃ emulsions was estimated.

13

Nitrogen deposition and flux through three birch stands (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in the Kampinos National Park (central Poland)

Kram K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 4

605-612

EN

Nitrogen flow through birch stand canopies was studied in the Kampinos National Park (large forested area with inland dunes and wetlands close to Warsaw) during the growing seasons (April-October) of 2005-2006. The amount of nitrogen deposition including main forms like NO[3], NH[4], organic N and the aerosolgaseous fraction of deposition were estimated as well as the influence of birch canopies on this process. Because a method of "artificial foliage" allows to measure an aerosol-gaseous fraction of deposition a gradient of rain collectors equipped with artificial foliage of known surfaces were used. The results were compared with amounts of nitrogen measured in the throughfall of three birch forests. All stands (age 20.50 years) were rather similar, but stand II has smaller LAI (Leaf Area Index = 2.5 m[^2] m[^-2]) than stands II and III (3.8 and 3.9 m[^2] m[-2]). It was found that nitrogen deposition in the Kampinos National Park is rather high - 1.6 kg ha[^-1] month[-1]. Ammoniumnitrogen made almost half of this value, organic nitrogen - over one third, and nitrate-nitrogen constituted the rest. Aerosol-gaseous input significantly made the deposition increased only in the case of nitrate-nitrogen, but deposition of ammonium- and organic nitrogen were similar and independent of catching leaf area. All fractions of nitrogen were effectively taken up during their passing through birch canopies (57% of nitrogen deposition was retained). Generally two thirds of deposited ammonium-nitrogen, more than half of organic N, and one third of nitratenitrogen were taken up by birch canopies. However, uptake efficiency of all N forms was lower for stand with smallest leaf area with no statistically significant retention of organic N.

14

Produkty przejściowe rozkładu termicznego Cr(NO3)3·9H2O

Łabuś S.

Materiały Ceramiczne

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2008

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R. 60, nr 3

100-105

PL

Badano stechiometrię produktów przejściowych tworzących się podczas rozkładu termicznego dziewięciowodnego azotanu(V) chromu(lll), prowadzonego z szybkością 0,1°C-min·-1 w zakresie temperatur 20-300°C, w atmosferze powietrza. W badaniach wykorzystano pomiary TGA, EGA, spektrofotometrię, potencjometrię oraz tradycyjne metody analityczne. Stwierdzono, że w skład przejściowych produktów rozkładu wchodzą jony Cr(VI) i Cr(lll), grupy azotanowe (NO3-) i hydroksylowe (OH-), jony tlenkowe (O2-) oraz cząsteczki wody. Zaproponowano metodykę umożliwiającą ilościowe oznaczenie składu stechiometrycznego produktów rozkładu w badanym zakresie temperatur.

EN

The stoichiometry of chromium(lll) nitrate nonahydrate (CNN) thermal decomposition intermediate products were investigated. Substrate decomposition were done at the temperature range 20 - 300°C in dry synthetic air flow with the heating rate 0,1°C·min-1. During investigation the different analytical technics, like thermogravimetry (TGA-DTA), evolving gas analysis (EGA), spectrofotometry, potentiometry, as well as traditonaly analytical methods were appllied. It was found, that intermediate product of CNN thermal decomposition contain Cr(VI) and Cr(lll) ions, nitrate (NO3-) and hydroxyl (O2-) and water molecules. The method enabled quantitative determination of stoichiometry the thermal decomposed products at investigated temperature range was proposed.

15

Sewage sludge land disposal effects on ground water

Agopsowicz M., Białowiec A., Pijarczyk P.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2008

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Vol. 34, no. 2

73-82

EN

Three year, lysimetric research on the influence of land application of sewage sludge on the ground water quality was done. Three plant species were tested as possible ways of sewage sludge application: grass - for restoration of contaminated soils; corn - for feeding staff production, and willow - for energy production from biomass. As control, plantless lysimeters were used The following sewage sludge doses were applied: 0, 10, 50, 50, 110, 225, and 450 Mg d.m./ha. Significant (p < 0.05), linear correlations between the increase in the sewage sludge dose and EC, CODCr and NO3 content in the ground waters indicate a potential risk of contaminating ground waters during the land application of sewage sludge, particularly with high doses exceeding 50 Mg d.m./ha. These correlations and risks of ground water contamination were observed during all three years of experiment for indicators such as EC and CODLV In the case of nitrates the risk of their migration was detected only in the first year after sewage sludge application. Additionally, the very low level of heavy metals and pathogens in ground water was determined. The applied plants did not reduce the negative effect of the increasing doses of the sewage sludge on the ground waters quality.

PL

Wykonano trzyletnie, lizymetryczne badania wpływu przyrodniczego wykorzystania osadów ściekowych na jakość wód podziemnych. W badaniach zastosowano trzy gatunki roślin, jako możliwe kierunki stosowania osadów ściekowych: trawa-rekultywacja gleb zdegradowanych, kukurydza-produkcja pasz. wierzba-wykorzystanie energetyczne biomasy. Jako kontrolę zastosowano lizymetry pozbawione roślinności. Przyjęto następujące dawki osadów ściekowych: 0, 10, 50, 110,225 i 450 Mgs.m./ha. Statystycznie istotna, liniowa zależność pomiędzy dawką osadów a wielkością przewodności elektrolitycznej właściwej (EC), ChZT oraz azotanów wskazuje na potencjalne zagrożenie zanieczyszczenia wód podziemnych przy przyrodniczym wykorzystaniu osadów ściekowych, szczególnie w przypadku wysokich dawek osadów przekraczających 50 Mg s.m./ha. Zależności te oraz ryzyko zanieczyszczenia wód podziemnych obserwowano przez trzy lata doświadczenia dla wskaźników zanieczyszczenia EC i ChZT. W przypadku azotanów, zagrożenie ich migracji stwierdzono jedynie w pierwszym roku badań. Dodatkowo stężenia metali ciężkich oraz obecność patogenów w wodach gruntowych była na niskim poziomie. Stwierdzono, że zastosowane rośliny nie zmniejszyły negatywnego wpływu osadów ściekowych na jakość wód podziemnych

16

Modelowanie utleniania pirytu z wykorzystaniem programów Phreeqc i Phast

Miotliński Konrad, Kowalczyk Andrzej

Geologos

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2006

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Vol. 10

189--204

EN

Pyrite oxidation is an important process controlling groundwater composition, but little is known about the conceptualization of this mechanism for the modelling purposes. Few examples of analytical calculations and numerical simulations have been presented in the paper. The examples concern the processes of pyrite oxidation by oxygen and nitrate both in unsaturated and saturated zones in case when carbonate minerals do not occur. The Fick's first law has been adopted in the evaluation of oxygen transport through unsaturated zone. The numerical simulations were performed by using Phreeqc and Phast codes with the assumption of a local equilibrium approach. These codes have proven to be powerful tools to analyze and quantify the reaction controls and the coupling between transport and processes of pyrite oxidation.

17

Sezonowa zmienność transportu azotanów w rzekach Przymorza

Bogdanowicz R.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

|

2005

|

Z. 3-4

249-263

EN

In the paper seasonal patterns of nitrate nitrogen loads were analysed for the selected Polish coastal rivers in the period often hydrologic years 1989-1998. Records of nutrient concentrations and water discharges acquired from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) and the State Inspectorate of Environment Protection (PIOS) were used in the research. The analysis proved that changes in river transport of nitrate nitrogen showed well-expressed seasonal patterns that corresponded with hydrological regimes of the rivers. Nitrogen loads were the highest in winter half-year (November-April), especially during snow-melting period in March. The lowest loads occurred in summer months, mostly in July and August, when river flows and nitrates concentrations were the lowest. During winter half-year on average about 70% of the total annual load of nitrate nitrogen was transported by the Polish coastal rivers.

18

Zmienność stężeń azotanów w warunkach silnej antropopresj1w wodach rzeki Strzegomki i zbiornika Dobromierz

Lejcuś K.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2004

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Vol. 30, no. 4

63--72

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań stężeń i ładunków azotanów w rzece Strzegomce. Badania były prowadzone w dwóch punktach pomiarowych: powyżej oraz poniżej zbiornika retencyjnego Dobromierz. Opisano zmiany stężeń i ładunków azotanów oraz określono wpływ zbiornika na jakość wody w rzece Strzegomce. Wskazano na dużą zmienność sezonową analizowanych wskaźników. Wykazano wpływ niewłaściwego zagospodarowania nawozów organicznych i nieuporządkowanej gospodarki wodno-ściekowej na jakość wody w rzece Strzegomce oraz na przyśpieszenie procesu eutrofizacji w zbiorniku Dobromierz.

EN

The results of research of nitrate concentration and loads in the Strzegomka River have been presented. The researches were carried out in two sampling points: on the inflow and outflow of Dobromierz reservoir. Nitrate concentrations and loads have been described. The influence of reservoir on water quality of the Strzegomka River has been characterised. Great seasonal trends of analysed indicators have been indicated. The influence of improper use of organic fertiliser on the Strzegomka River water quality and eutrophication of Dobromierz reservoir has been pointed out.

19

Określenie stopnia zanieczyszczenia azotanami(V) i metalami ciężkimi anatomicznych części warzyw pochodzących z ogrodów działkowych Otmuchowa (województwo opolskie) [komunikat]

Jagiełło A., Bożym M., Wacławek W.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2004

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Vol. 30, no. 3

171-176

PL

Podjęto próbę oceny zanieczyszczenia gleb i warzyw metalami ciężkimi na terenie ogrodów działkowych Otmuchowa. W okresie wegetacyjnym pobrano trzykrotnie próbki gleby i roślin. Do badanych roślin należały: burak, marchew, pietruszka. Korzenie warzyw dzielono na części anatomiczne: skórkę, miąższ i rdzeń. W próbkach gleby i warzyw oznaczono zawartość azotanów(V) i metali ciężkich (Cd. Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni). Gleby ogrodów działkowych Otmuchowa charakteryzowały się naturalną zawartością metali ciężkich. Najwięcej azotanów(V) stwierdzono w korzeniu buraka. Najwięcej Zn. Cu. Pb i Ni gromadził korzeń pietruszki, a Cd korzeń marchwi. Metale ciężkie kumulowały się głównie w skórce korzeni warzyw, natomiast azotany(V) w miąższu warzyw.

EN

The results obtained for heavy metals concentration determined in soil and vegetables taken from allotments in Otmuchów are presented. Soil and vegetable samples were collected three limes during vegetation period. Red beet, carrot and parsley root samples were taken. Vegetable roots were separated into skin, pulp and core. Nitrates and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni) in soil and vegetable samples were determined. The highest content of nitrates was found in red beet. The highest content of Zn, Cu. Pb and Ni was found in parsley and of Cd in carrot root. Heavy metals cumulated in the skin of vegetable roots, whereas nitrates cumulated in the pulp.

20

Assessment of pollution by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of surface water in Kampinos National Park

Oprządek K., Syrocka K., Kluska M., Kroszczyński W., Zalewski W.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2004

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Vol. 30, no. 3

27--34

EN

Some natural and anthropogenic properties of surface water were investigated in National Park of Kampinos in years 2000-2002. Obtained results were compared with corresponding standards. Analyses of samples of water revealed most of them to be adequate to the 1 class of purity. Benzo(a)pyrene was not detected. However, in two cases high concentration of iron and manganese was observed. As a rule, the samples collected in November exhibited higher concentration of manganese. In one case high concentration of nitrates was determined. Most of samples collected in Aleksandrów met the requirement for the II class of purity because of phosphate concentration.

PL

W latach 2000-2002 badano niektóre naturalne i antropogenne właściwości wód powierzchniowych Kampinoskiego Parku Narodowego. Uzyskane wartości średnie omówiono w porównaniu do odpowiednich norm. Analizy większości próbek wykazały, że odpowiadają one I klasie czystości. Benzo(a)pirenu nie wykryto. Jednak w dwóch przypadkach zaobserwowano wysokie stężenie żelaza i manganu. Próbki pobrane w listopadzie zawierały więcej manganu. W jednym przypadku oznaczono wysokie stężenie azotanów. Większość próbek pobranych w Aleksandrowie odpowiadała 11 klasie czystości ze względu na zawartość fosforanów.