Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Towards a better policy for airline passengers with reduced mobility

Malagas Konstantinos, Nugraha Ridha Aditya, Alepis Sofoklis, Nikitakos Nikitas, Christiawan Rio, Sacharissa Vicia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 119

141--157

EN

Persons with reduced mobility (PRM) should enjoy the same rights as other people in all life aspects, including in terms of travel experience. PRM group is an undeveloped travel market segment, having specific needs that the aviation organizations should satisfy. The facilitation of air travel for PRM should be supported by, among others, clear standards and appropriate regulations and laws. The present study focuses on the European Union (EU) and ASEAN regulatory framework for PRM, presenting various issues and suggesting improvements. The paper is theoretical in nature. It compares various regulations and laws that are implemented in the two Regions, and from thereafter suggestions are generated. The study shows that the European Union has a more efficient regulatory framework that better responds to the transportation chain and the needs of the various groups of PRM. The ASEAN Region can adopt some functional regulations and practices from the European Region. Also, the emphasis should be moved from persons with disabilities to PRM accompanied by the necessary rules, mainly from the ASEAN side. PRM makes up a significant potential market segment in aviation and relevant studies will be beneficial. The study provides significant insights for the aviation industry, particularly for these two Regions, the various groups of PRM, and the policymakers.

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2019Gyroplane rotor hubs strength tests

Wojtas Małgorzata, Sobieszek Agnieszka

Journal of KONES

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2019

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Vol. 26, No. 3

265--270

EN

In this article a review of rotor,hub constructions were presented. Discussed rotor’s hub ismade of composite or aluminum alloys materials. Two types of rotor hub were presented (four-blades and two-blades teetering rotor hub), each of them are dedicated to gyroplanes. Typical gyroplane main rotors are characterized by simple design, especially in case of rotors forlight gyroplanes. In the following part of the article thetype of strength tests required by certification process were shown. The test programs based on legal aspects of admission to the flight tests taking into account legislation such as CS 27 (Subpart C – Strength Requirements), CAP 643 British Civil Airworthiness requirements Section T Light gyroplanes, ASTM F2972. Furthermore, this articlediscusses strength tests of gyroplane rotor hub such as measured parameters, methodology of measurement, types of sensors, course of test, test stands, and limit loads. The loads during “pull-up from level flight” manoeuvreare limit loads during tests. Required additional processes, like averification the same parameters by two types of method were shown i.e.deformation of structure were tested by strain gauges and reverse engineering.Strength tests had to be made before flight test, based on results of them aircrafts are flight authorized. In conclusion,the results of tests were presented and fulfilment of legal assumptions and requirements were shown.

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Various types of the rotorcraft Design in the context of aerospace regulations

Szafran K., Michalczyk M.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2018

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Nr 1 (250)

142--149

EN

In the next article on synthesis of regulations, the authors presented the general legal requirements for rotorcraft, which is limited to US regulations, because the vast majority of world regulations are based on them. The Institute of Aviation in Warsaw has developed requirements concerning the construction and operation of rotorcraft in Poland. These requirements constitute an important contribution to the regulations of the civil a viation authority which are in force in the air space of the Republic of Poland. This paper presents the legal situation of rotorcraft and compares the requirements for helicopters and gyroplane. The conclusions highlighted the differences that arise from regulations between helicopters and rotorcraft. The authors have suggested the necessity to separate provisions for the group of windmills, which is implemented in the regulations of the civil a viation authority . The presented work is the second of a planned series of publications in which authors intend to bring some of the issues to the reader about the design aspects of aircraft in selected global aviation regulations.

PL

W artykule autorzy przedstawili ogólne wymagania prawne stawiane wiropłatom, przy czym ograniczono się do przepisów obowiązujących w USA, ponieważ zdecydowana większość światowych przepisów opiera się właśnie na nich. W Instytucie Lotnictwa w Warszawie opracowano wymagania, które dotyczą budowy i eksploatacji wiatrakowców w Polsce. Wymagania te stanowią istotny wkład do opracowanych przez Urząd Lotnictwa Cywilnego przepisów obowiązujących w przestrzeni powietrznej RP. W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano sytuację prawną wiatrakowców oraz porównano wymagania stawiane śmigłowcom oraz wiatrakowcom. We wnioskach uwypuklono różnice, jakie wynikają z przepisów pomiędzy śmigłowcami i wiatrakowcami. Autorzy zasugerowali konieczność wydzielenia przepisów dotyczących grupy wiatrakowców, co jest realizowane w przepisach Urzędu Lotnictwa Cywilnego. Zaprezentowana praca jest drugą z zaplanowanego cyklu publikacji, w której autorzy zamierzają przybliżyć czytelnikom pewne zagadnienia dotyczące aspektów projektowania statków powietrznych w wybranych światowych przepisach lotniczych.

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Wybrane zagadnienia projektowania lekkich samolotów sportowych w aspekcie światowych przepisów lotniczych

Szafran K., Michalczyk M.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2016

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Nr 2 (243)

142--153

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wymagania stawiane małym statkom powietrznym, które są konieczne do uzyskania odpowiedniego certyfikatu. Przedstawiono najważniejsze różnice między wymaganiami CS-LSA, CS-YLA oraz CS-23. Porównano rozbieżności pomiędzy europejskimi i amerykańskimi przepisami dotyczącymi budowy cywilnych małych statków powietrznych. Przytoczono także niektóre przepisy i zalecenia ICAO dotyczące bezpieczeństwa w lotnictwie z ukierunkowaniem na projektowanie i eksploatację samolotów. W zakończeniu autorzy wysunęli wniosek globalnego ujednolicenia przepisów, co niewątpliwie będzie realizowane w przyszłości.

EN

Selected requirements for small aircraft, which are necessary to obtain the relevant certificate are presented in this paper. The most important differences between the requirements of CS-LSA, CS-YLA and CS-23 are presented. Differences between European and American regulations for the construction of small civilian aircraft are compared. Also some of the provisions and recommendations of the IC AO on aviation security with a focus on the design and operation of airplanes are quoted. In the conclusions, the authors put forward a proposal of global standardization of regulations, winch undoubtedly will be implemented in the future.

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Proces certyfikacji podzespołów statku powietrznego na przykładzie

Sobieszek A., Wojtas M.

Prace Instytutu Lotnictwa

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2015

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Nr 4 (241)

73--86

PL

W artykule przedstawiono proces przygotowawczy certyfikacji, metodologie i przebieg badań weryfikujących podstawowe założenia konstrukcji lotniczej na przykładzie innowacyjnej głowicy wiatrakowca. Przeprowadzono badania czterołopatowej głowicy wiatrakowca weryfikujące wytrzymałość statyczną przy obciążeniach dopuszczalnych, określonych przez siły występujące przy manewrze wyrwania. Scharakteryzowano przebieg badań, metody badawcze oraz weryfikowane parametry. Opisano aspekty prawne dopuszczenia do lotu oraz uzyskania certyfikatu uwzględniając przepisy CS 27, podczęść C - Badania Wytrzymałościowe, według których prowadzono badania. Przedstawione wyniki i wnioski były podstawą do dopuszczenia obiektu do prób w locie przez Urząd Lotnictwa Cywilnego.

EN

This paper describe the preparatory process of certification, methodology and tests which verify the assumptions of aeronautical construction based on innovative gyroplane rotor hub. Presented legal aspects of admission to the flight tests and the Type Certification (TC) taking into account legislation (CS 27 Subpart C - Strength Requirements). In this paper presented tests of innovative four - rotor blades rotor hub which verify static strength up to limit loads. The loads during "pull-up from level flight" maneuver are limit loads. Discussed are tests process, methodology of tests and verified parameters. The results and conclusions were the basis the admission object for flight testing by the Civil Aviation Authority.

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Bezzałogowe statki powietrzne w przestrzeniach służb ruchu lotniczego : zarys problematyki

Markiewicz T. M.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2008

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nr 4(73)

127-161

EN

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles’ (UAVs) operations so far have been mainly connected with military operations and due to security reasons they have been limited to selected space or the space over a real battlefield (the Balkans, Iraq, Afghanistan). Armed forces’ constantly growing requirements concerning the use of UAVs, as well as the increased interest of their application for civil tasks cause that there is a need to ensure UAVs access to controlled and not controlled space (of all International Civil Aviation Organization’s - ICAO classes) and integrate their operations with air traffic control management systems. The problems relating to the development of UAV systems are complex - the works focus on regulations when they are fit for service (certificates), ATM procedures, various technical issues (e.g. propulsion, airframe, miniaturization of radionavigation equipment, remote control and flight control equipment) and defining requirements in relation to the UAV pilot - operator’s qualifications. Multi-sided research is conducted by numerous research and scientific institutions and international aviation organizations (e.g. ICAO, EASA, EUROCONTROL, NATO). Through legislature, it is attempted to reach an appropriate security and safety level - ensuring the UAV flights in ATS space will not create a bigger threat to people and property in the air and on the ground than manned aircraft of the same class and category. Another safety requirement is to develop transparent rules to use the same airspace by unmanned and manned aerial vehicles and complying with air traffic norms, rules and procedures by UAV users, particularly concerning separation and collision avoidance. It is assumed that the way of using UAVs in ATS space must be the same as the one currently used in relation to manned aerial vehicles, i.e. based on rules and regulations set by ICAO. It is forecasted that UAVs will become an important and rightful user of European airspace.