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Thermal efficiency analysis of the rotary kiln based on the wear of the lining

Zeng Donghu, Shcherbina V. Yu., Li Jiaxiu

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 28, no. 2

125--138

EN

The thickness of the lining is reduced from 230 mm to 80 mm due to long-term wear, resulting in low thermal efficiency of the rotary kiln. The thermal resistance, which is positively correlated with the thickness of the lining, is one of the most important factors determining the thermal efficiency of the rotary kiln. The thermal efficiency of the rotary kiln can be improved by introducing insulation material with lower thermal conductivity into the lining. The average heat flux is used as the thermal efficiency evaluation index of the 4×60 m rotary kiln under no-load conditions in this work. A numerical experiment was conducted for the temperature and heat flux of the inner surface of the lining, as well as the temperature of the outer surface of the shell during the wear of the lining. There are two cases considered, one with and one without insulation materials in lining. According to the analysis, when the lining in the high temperature zone of the rotary kiln wears to 80 mm, the average heat flux of the inner surface of the lining increases by 105.03%. However, after the addition of insulation material, the average heat flux on the inner surface of the lining increases by 40.38% (wears to 80 mm). Compared to the thermal efficiency of the rotary kiln without heat insulation material, the average heat flux of the inner surface of the lining is reduced by 36.36% (230 mm), and it is reduced by 99.01% (wears to 80 mm). A significant advantage of this solution is that it can increase the thermal efficiency of the rotary kiln, improve the insulation performance of the lining, reduce heat loss to the environment through the shell, and the results obtained can be used for the latest equipment design and existing equipment improvements.

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Analiza wytężenia nawierzchniowych płyt betonowych pod wpływem naturalnego obciążenia termicznego

Linek Małgorzata, Piotrowska-Nowak Patrycja

Przegląd Budowlany

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2020

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R. 91, nr 7-8

32--37

PL

W pracy omówiono wpływ naturalnego obciążenia termicznego na naprężenia i ugięcia betonowej płyty nawierzchniowej. Pierwsza część opracowania dotyczy analizy warunków klimatycznych występujących w Polsce. Na podstawie danych meteorologicznych uzyskanych z Instytutu Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej przeanalizowano zmianę średniej temperatury powietrza i zmianę średniej minimalnej temperatury przy powierzchni gruntu. Omówiono także wpływ poszczególnych czynników klimatycznych na trwałość płyty betonowej przeznaczonej do budowy dróg i lotnisk. Druga część pracy obejmuje numeryczną analizę wpływu gradientów temperatury na deformację płyty. Wybrano dwie reprezentatywne stacje pomiarowe do szczegółowej analizy naprężeń w zależności od położenia geograficznego.

EN

The paper discusses the impact of the natural thermal load on stress and deflection of a concrete slab. The first part of the study concerns the analysis of climatic conditions occurring in Poland. Based on meteorological data obtained from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, the change in average air temperature and the change in the average minimum temperature at the ground surface were analyzed. The impact of individual climatic factors on the durability of the concrete slab intended for road and airfield construction was discussed. The second part of the study includes the numerical analysis of the impact of temperature gradients on the change in recorded deformations. Two representative measuring stations were selected for detailed stress analysis depending on the geographical location.

3

Impact of climate change on vegetation period of basic species of vegetables in Slovakia

Čimo Ján, Šinka Karol, Tárník Andrej, Aydin Elena, Kišš Vladimír, Toková Lucia

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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no. 47

38--46

EN

The aim of the paper is to provide climatic data from the basic elements and characteristics of the energy balance in terms of the current state and in terms of trends and assumptions of their future changes in Slovakia. Climate change affect agriculture and its procedures. Changes in vegetation period in Slovakia of selected vegetables are presented in this study. We used for agro-climatic analysis one hundred climatological stations, which were selected to cover all agricultural regions up to 800 m a.s.l. Actual data and predictions were compared with time period 1961–2010. Due to homogeneity in data measurements, was chosen this period. We obtained climate trends and assumed map outputs of future climate changes by mathematical-statistical methods for horizons of years 2011–2020, 2041–2050, 2071–2080 and 2091–2100. We analysed vegetation period changes of selected fruit vegetables, Brassica vegetables and root vegetable in field conditions with prediction to year 2100. In our results is shown the earlier beginning of vegetation period in a spring and later end in an autumn in last 30 years. The vegetation period is getting longer about 15–20 days for Capsicum annuum; 15–20 days for Brassica oleracea var. capitate; 10–15 days for Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris with comparation of nowadays situation and period 2091–2100.

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Change in Temperature Conditions of Slovakia to the Reference Period 1961-2010 and their Expected Changes to Time Horizons Years 2035, 2050, 2075 and 2100 under the Conditions of Changing Climate

Čimo Ján, Šinka Karol, Novotná Beáta, Tárník Andrej, Aydin Elena, Toková Lucia, Kišš Vladimír, Kotuš Tatijana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

232--240

EN

The purpose of the paper was to show cognition from the theory of climate change. The map outputs of these changes offer the climate data from basic elements and characteristics of the energy balance in terms of the current state as well as the trends and assumptions of their future changes in Slovakia. For these agroclimatic analyses, 100 climatic stations in Slovakia spread out to cover all agricultural regions, up to 800 m above sea level, have been selected. Our analyses are related to the period of years 1961–2010, when measurements and observations were the most homogeneous. The future trends and map outputs of future climate change were determined with the mathematic-statistical methods to the 2035, 2050, 2075and 2100-year horizons. This study presents the impact of the climate change on the temperature conditions in Slovakia. The temperature changes (average, maximum and minimum temperature) were analysed with forecasts up to year 2100. The forecasts for the 2100-year horizon indicate increasing of the average annual temperature on average by about 2.0°C, maximum temperature on average by about 2.0°C and minimum temperature on average by about 2.5–3°C in comparison to the present.

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Zużycie energii do ogrzewania budynków w trzydziestu trzech miastach Polski w 2013 r.

Dopke J.

Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja

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2014

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T. 45, nr 5

171--178

PL

W artykule podano średnią miesięczną i roczną temperaturę powietrza i miesięczną liczbę stopniodni grzania dla temperatury bazowej 15 °C w 2013 r. dla 33 miast Polski. Podano roczną liczbę stopniodni grzania dla temperatury bazowej 15 °C bez miesięcy letnich w wybranych miastach w 2010, 2011, 2012 i 2013 r. Dokonano analizy różnicy zużycia energii na ogrzewanie budynków w 2013 r. w 33 miastach Polski w stosunku do zużycia energii w najcieplejszym mieście Wrocławiu. Porównano warunki klimatyczne w 2013 r. z warunkami w 2012 i 2011 r. i opisano wynikające z nich różnice w zużyciu energii (paliw) na ogrzewanie budynków względem 2013 r.

EN

The paper presents average monthly and annual air temperature and monthly heating degree days to base temperature 15°C in the year 2013 for 33 cities in Poland. The annual heating degree days to base temperature 15°C are given without summer months for selected cities in 2010, 2011 2012 and 2013. An analysis has been carried out concerning the differences in heating energy consumption for buildings in 2013 for 33 cities of Poland in relation to the warmest city Wrocław. The climatic conditions in 2013 have been compared with those of 2012 and 2011. Resulting differences in energy (fuel) consumption for mentioned cities with regard to 2013 are given.