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A COLREGs-compliant decision support tool to prevent collisions at sea

Martelli M., Žuškin S., Zaccone R., Rudan I.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2023

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Vol. 17 No. 2

347--353

EN

Groundings and collisions still represent the highest percentage of marine accidents despite the current attention on Maritime Education and Training and the improvement of sensor capability. Most of the time, a collision is caused by a human error with consequences ranging from moderate to severe, with a substantial impact on both environment and life safeguarded at sea. In this paper, a brief statistical data regarding human element as a root cause of marine incidents together with collision regulations misunderstanding is presented as a background chapter. Furthermore, the present work discusses a decision support system architecture to suggest an appropriate action when the risk of a potential collision is detected. The proposed architecture system is based on various modules integrated with proper sensor input data regarding the surrounding navigation area. As a result, the tool can support the Officers of Watch in the decision-making process providing an early suggestion in compliance with the COLlision REGulations. The proposed system is intended to be used onboard independently from the degree of automation of the ship, and it is based on AIS, which is mandatory, making it widely applicable. The proper use of the system can considerably reduce the number of collisions, as demonstrated by the obtained results.

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Possibilities of autonomous means of sea transport

Marek Idzior

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2022

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nr 70 (142)

20--26

EN

In recent years, there has been an intensification of work on the autonomy of means of transport, which also applies to ships. Modern ships are already equipped with crew decision support systems and numerous diagnostic systems. Increasingly more systems are installed on ships that can operate without human integration. This situation leads to the development and use of fully autonomous ships. This overview publication briefly describes the main features of the construction and operation of autonomous ships, including some examples of structures already demonstrated in recent years. In summary, the author presents comments that provide a contribution to the discussion on the autonomy of means of maritime transport.

3

Verification of a deterministic ship's safe trajectory planning algorithm from different ships’ perspectives and with changing strategies of target ships

Lazarowska A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 3

623--628

EN

The paper presents results of a ship's safe trajectory planning method verification - the Trajectory Base Algorithm, which is a deterministic approach for real-time path-planning with collision avoidance. The paper presents results of the algorithm’s verification from different ships’ perspectives and with changing strategies of target ships. Results prove the applicability of the algorithm in the Collision Avoidance Module of the Autonomous Navigation System for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.

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Modelling the processes of taking over the watch from an autonomous navigation system

Hochgeschurz S., Dalinger E., Motz F.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2021

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Vol. 15 No. 1

117--126

EN

The maritime industry is striving towards increasing levels of autonomy within the field of navigation. However, fully autonomous vessel navigation requires an extraordinarily complex system. As a step towards full autonomy and to reduce system complexity, nautical officers should still be available on board to take over the watch from the autonomous system in situations, in which human intervention is required. Therefore, a highly advanced human-machine interface (HMI) is essential, which supports nautical officers in retrieving all necessary information in order to manage the takeover. The implementation of the autonomous system and introduction of an HMI creates new processes, which need to be defined. In this paper, we portray our approach to define the processes for watch handovers from the autonomous system to nautical officers by investigating current watch handover processes. Subsequently, the resulting process models are described and discussed.