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1

Analysis of multiple-area renewable integrated hydro-thermal system considering artificial rabbit optimized PI (FOPD) cascade controller and redox flow battery

Saha Arindita, Chiranjeevi Tirumalasetty, Devarapalli Ramesh, Babu Naladi Ram, Dash Puja, Garcìa Màrquez Fausto Pedro

Archives of Control Sciences

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2023

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Vol. 33, No. 4

861--884

EN

The current task explores automatic generation control knowledge under old-style circumstances for a triple-arena scheme. Sources in area-1 are thermal-solar thermal (ST); thermal-geothermal power plant (GPP) in area-2 and thermal-hydro in area-3. An original endeavour has been set out to execute a new performance index named hybrid peak area integral squared error (HPA-ISE) and two-stage controller with amalgamation of proportional-integral and fractional order proportional-derivative, hence named as PI(FOPD). The performance of PI(FOPD) has been compared with varied controllers like proportional-integral (PI), proportional-integral-derivative (PID). Various investigation express excellency of PI(FOPD) controller over other controller from outlook regarding lessened level of peak anomalies and time duration for settling. Thus, PI(FOPD) controller’s excellent performance is stated when comparison is undergone for a three-area basic thermal system. The above said controller’s gains and related parameters are developed by the aid of Artificial Rabbit Optimization (ARO). Also, studies with HPA-ISE enhances system dynamics over ISE. Moreover, a study on various area capacity ratios (ACR) suggests that high ACR shows better dynamics. The basic thermal system is united with renewable sources ST in area-1 also GPP in area-2. Also, hydro unit is installed in area-3. The performance of this new combination of system is compared with the basic thermal system using PI(FOPD) controller. It is detected that dynamic presentation of new system is improved. Action in existence of redox flow battery is also examined which provides with noteworthy outcome. PI(FOPD) parameters values at nominal condition are appropriate for higher value of disturbance without need for optimization.

2

Equilibrium optimization algorithm for automatic generation control of interconnected power systems

Agwa Ahmed Mahmoud

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2020

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R. 96, nr 9

143--148

EN

In the electric grid, when the loads increase, the frequency decreases and vice versa. Therefore a controller is utilized for maintaining the frequency within its boundaries via balancing the generation and the loads which is called automatic generation control (AGC) or load frequency control. While utilizing proportional‒integral–derivative (PID) controller for AGC of interlinked power systems, then tuning its gains can be addressed as a nonlinear optimization issue. The objective function is intended to minimize the integral‒time‒absolute‒errors of frequencies and tie‒line power with subjection to group of PID controller gains constraints. In this article, an innovative equilibrium optimization algorithm (EOA) is proposed to tune gains of the required PID controller. Subsequently, a successive controller composed of PI and PD controllers are innovatively employed rather than the PID controller. The proposed approaches (EOA–PID) and (EOA–PI–PD) are applied to the two‒region power systems when the load demand is changed in one and in two regions to legalize their efficacy. To validate the results of EOA–PID and EOA–PI–PD, they are compared with other approaches results. It is found that the EOA performs perfectly and owns a fine potency to tune controller gains with smaller errors than other methods while favoring the results of the EOA‒PI‒PD over EOA‒PID.

PL

W artykule opisano system AGC sterujący częstotliwością przy zmiennym obciążeniu wykorzystujący sterownik PID. Opisano nowy algorytm wykorzystujący sterowniki PI i PD. Porównano różne metody sterowania częstotliwością.

3

Automatic Generation Control of the Two Area Non-reheat Thermal Power System using Gravitational Search Algorithm

Duman S., Yorukeren N.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 10a

254-259

EN

In this study, determination of the optimal proportional-integral-derivate (PID) parameters with Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) for automatic generation control (AGC) of the two area non-reheat thermal power system is proposed. GSA is applied to search for the optimal PID controller parameters to minimize various performance indexes. The designed PID controller with the proposed approach is simulated under variety of operating conditions. Simulation results are shown that dynamic performance of the two area non-reheat thermal power system is improved by the designed PID controller with the proposed approach.

PL

W artykule zaproponowano określenie optymalnej wartości PID w cieplnym systemie wytwarzania energii. Do tego celu użyto algorytmu grawitacyjnego GSA. Opracowany sterownik został zbadany metodami symulacyjnymi. (Automatyczne sterowanie cieplnym system wytwarzania energii z wykorzystaniem algorytmu grawitacyjnego GSA)

4

Analysis of interaction between LFC and TCPS in power system

Rasolomampionona D.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2009

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R. 85, nr 10

42-49

EN

Maintaining the system frequency at nominal value and the net tie line power interchange from different areas at their scheduled values is a difficult task. One of the main components of Automatic Generation Control is Load Frequency Control (LFC), one of the major requirements in providing reliable and high quality operation in multi-area power systems. The model of AGC presented in this paper is characterized by: different models of turbines, creation of aggregate turbine for each type of turbine, consideration of several types of turbines participating in the secondary control, consideration of aggregate generation coefficient in forming the rotor angle input of the tie-line model. The obtained model was modified so that the interaction of TCPS as an additional control of frequency and tie-line of power system could be considered.

PL

Utrzymanie częstotliwości oraz mocy wymiany między obszarami SEE na danym poziomie jest trudnym zadaniem. Jednym z podstawowych elementów składowych automatyki systemowej zwanej AGC jest regulacja częstotliwości oraz mocy wymiany (LFC), która jest jednym z głównych narzędzi służących do utrzymania niezawodnej i wysokiej jakości pracy w wieloobszarowym SEE. W tym artykule przedstawiono model LFC, charakteryzujący się następującymi cechami: uwzględnienie wielu rodzajów regulatorów turbin, agregacja turbin, uwzględnienie współczynnika agregacji turbin w kształtowaniu sygnału wejścia. Uzyskany model ponownie zmodyfikowano aby uwzględnić model interakcji LFC z urządzeniem FACTS typu TCPS.

5

Automatic generation control of multi area interconnected power system considering nonlinearity due to governor dead band

Panda A.

Archives of Control Sciences

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1998

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Vol. 7, no. 3/4

285-299

EN

The paper focuses on the problem of automatic generation control of multi area power system considering nonlinearity due to governor dead band. The objective of this work is to develop a mathematical model and method of solution to study the dynamic response and to present an optimization method to choose the optimal gain setting of the load frequency controller. A method, called decomposition technique is proposed to study the dynamic response of multi area interconnected power system with AGC. Using this technique a system with large number of interconnected areas with widely different area characteristics can be modeled and studied. Another algorithm is proposed to implement conjugate gradient method for optimization of controller gain parameter by minimizing certain performance index. A case study with four area interconnected system including governor dead band shows that the method is effective.