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Palynology of the deep structures of the Carpathian Foredeep (3,950–5,467 m) at the front of Carpathian overthrust, the NS-1 Borehole, SE Poland

Gedl Przemysław, Śmist Piotr, Worobiec Elżbieta

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2023

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Vol. 93, No. 4

423--445

EN

The current paper presents the results of palynological studies from deep structures at the front of the Carpathian overthrust, penetrated by the NS-1 Borehole. Both the method used and hardly accessible material from a depth of almost 5.5 km allow the presentation of new data from the Stebnik Unit, the underlying autochthonous Miocene succession, and the conglomerates that rest upon the crystalline basement. Samples collected from available cored intervals and cuttings from the lower part of the borehole provided the opportunity to study for the first time the palynological content of the strata under consideration. Samples yielded diversified material, composed of terrestrial and marine elements, commonly showing various stages of preservation. The latter indicate various origins for the material analysed, which is possibly at least partly recycled. The occurrence of this phenomenon, particularly in the Stebnik Unit and the upper part of the autochthonous Miocene sequence, confirmed also by results of earlier micropalaeontological studies, makes precise stratigraphic correlation highly debatable. The authors discuss the possibility of both Paleogene and Miocene ages for the material. Also highly debatable are the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of this interval, although the general intense influx of terrestrial material recorded is probably responsible for the unfavourable conditions for planktonic biota. Different, optimal marine conditions can be deduced for the lower part of the autochthonous Miocene; an abundance of dinoflagellate cysts allows their precise correlation with coeval strata of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin. Palynological analysis of conglomerate matrix material gave negative results. However, this and the lithological characteristics indicate a different origin and age of these strata in comparison with other coarse-grained lithosomes, known from neighbouring areas. The generally immature state of preservation of the organic matter in the deepest part of the borehole indicates that this part of the succession was not affected by the high temperatures that would be expected at such a depth. This contrast with the much more mature palynomorphs of the overlying Stebnik Unit points to the fact that these strata were heated to a much higher degree prior to their final burial.

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Wstępne modele geologiczne miocenu autochtonicznego w wybranych strefach w pobliżu frontalnego nasunięcia karpackiego

Papiernik B., Krzysztofik M., Franczak S.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2016

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nr 209 wyd. konferencyjne

101--105

PL

W ramach projektu ShaleFore podjęto badania mające na celu udokumentowanie możliwości występowania niekonwencjonalnych złóż gazu ziemnego w utworach ilasto-mułowcowych miocenu autochtonicznego. W celu zintegrowania danych geologicznych, geofizycznych i złożowych przystąpiono do opracowania modeli strukturalno-parametrycznych w skali od regionalnej po lokalną. Wykonane modele będą wykorzystane do analiz geologicznych, hierarchizacji złożowej, do modelowań generacyjnych, jak również do przeprowadzenia lokalnych symulacji złożowych.

EN

One of the main goal of the ShaleFore project is to establish and document the presence of unconventional hydrocarbons resources amid the autochthonous Miocene clay-mudstone formation. In order to integrate geological data, geophysical and reservoir properties, it is planned to perform and develop set of structural and parametrical models in scale from regional to local. Created models will be then used for the geological analysis, petroleum system ranking, generation modeling as well as for carrying out the local reservoir simulation.

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Zagadnienie modelu warstw nasyconych węglowodorami i wodą, w świetle odpowiedzi sond gradientowych i potencjałowych w warunkach miocenu autochtonicznego

Bała M., Ossowski A.

Prace Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2008

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nr 150 wydanie konferencyjne

123--127

PL

W pracy starano się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jaki jest wpływ zmiennych nasyceń wodą złożową i gazem w strefach przyodwiertowej (Sxo i Sgxo) i dalekiej (Sw i Sg), w poziomach gazonośnych utworów miocenu autochtonicznego, w seriach złożowych, na oporność pozorną mierzoną za pomocą sond gradientowych i potencjałowych. Porównań dokonano w oparciu o symulacje numeryczne krzywych sondowań. Podstawą dla symulacji numerycznych były mode- le rozkładu oporności elektrycznej w kierunku radialnym w utworach piaskowcowo-mułowcowych, opracowane na podstawie badanych zmian nasyceń wodą i gazem oraz wyników kompleksowej interpretacji profilowań geofizyki wiertniczej, wykonanych w otworze Jasionka-4 i obliczeń z wykorzystaniem wzorów Waxmana— Smitsa i zmodyfikowanego Simandoux.

EN

The objective of this work was an attempt to answer the question: what is the influence of variable water- and gas-saturation in flushed zone, Sxo (Sgxo), transitions' zone and uninvaded zone, Sw (Sg), in reservoir series of gas-bearing horizons of the autochthonous Miocene of the Carpathian Foredeep, Poland, on apparent resistivity measured with the use of classical gradient and potential tools? The comparisons were made based on numerically calculated sounding curves. The starting point for construction of sounding curves were models of the electrical resistivity distribution in radial direction of rock medium that were obtained from analysis of water- and gas-saturation changes in Miocene sediments for the Jasionka 4 well. Calculation of true resistivities for rock medium were obtained using the Waxman—Smits model and modified Simandoux model.

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Nowe spojrzenie na budowę geologiczno-strukturalną utworów miocenu autochtonicznego, w rejonie złoża gazu ziemnego Pruchnik—Pantalowice

Rzemieniarz A., Ratuszniak Z.

Prace Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2008

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nr 150 wydanie konferencyjne

301--306

PL

Wielowarstwowe złoże gazu ziemnego Pruchnik—Pantalowice stanowi przykład akumulacji związanej z mioceńskim kompleksem utworów sarmatu dolnego. Złoże odkryto w 1966 roku otworem Pantalowice-1. W roku 1979 wykonano dokumentację geologiczną, w której udokumentowano 11 horyzontów. Na podstawie zdjęcia sejsmicznego „Pantalowice—Czelatyce 3D" zrealizowano 3 otwory. Negatywne wyniki odwiertów oraz nienajlepsza jakość zapisu sejsmicznego dały podstawę do powtórnego przetworzenia zarejestrowanych danych. Wykonany 2005 roku reprocessing rzucił nowe światło na budowę geologiczno-strukturalną warstw miocenu autochtonicznego w obrębie złoża.

EN

Multilayer gas field Pruchnik—Pantalowice is example of Miocene gas accumulation connecting with sediments of Sarmat. It was discovered in 1966. Geological documentation of this gas field was made in 1979. In this documentation 11 gas horizons were found and described. In 1997 3D seismic measurements were made in the area of Pantalowice—Czelatyce. On the basis of results of this research 3 wells were drilled. After analysis of all available data, it was done reprocessing of seismic 3D data. This reprocessing made a new concept of geological and structural construction of indigenous Miocene layers in this field.

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Potencjał węglowodorowy skał macierzystych i geneza gazu ziemnego akumulowanego w utworach miocenu zapadliska przedkarpackiego w strefie Rzeszowa

Kotarba M. J., Więcław D., Kosakowski P., Kowalski A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 1

67--76

EN

In the autochthonous Upper Badenian and Lower Sarmatian strata of the Carpathian Foredeep in the Rzeszów area the total organic carbon (TOC) contents vary from 0.02 to 1.26 wt. %(average 0.64 wt. %). Geochemical studies on the dispersed organic matter demonstrated the presence of gas-prone type III (humic) kerogen with small admixtures of algal type II kerogen. At depths less than 2,500 metres the organic matter is immature, thus microbial processes predominated. Methane concentration in natural gases accumulated within Miocene strata usually exceeded 94 vol. %and was generated by microbial reduction of carbon dioxide. Microbial methane was generated mainly during deposition of autochthonous Miocene sediments, but it is possible that this process continues today on a small scale. Higher gaseous hydrocarbons (mainly ethane and propane), which are usually minor constituents (concentrations less than 0.4 vol. %), were generated during diagenetic processes and at the initial stage of the low-temperature thermogenic processes. The slight changes in the geochemical indices of dispersed organic matter and isotope ratios of natural gases with depth are evidence of the homogeneity of deposition of humic organic matter in shallow marine basin during the Late Badenian and the Early Sarmatian and the fact that similar gas generation conditions can be found in the Miocene sequence. Generation and accumulation of microbial methane and the formation and charging multiple stacked reservoirs within the autochthonous Miocene strata, e.g., Palikówka, Jasionka, Stobierna and Terliczka deposits, was facilitated by rhythmic and cyclic deposition of clays and sands and their very high sedimentation rate.