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1
Content available remote Niedoceniona perełka
Królikowski Jerzy
Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny
|
2021
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nr 2
52--54
2
Content available Wydawnictwa Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 1919–2019
Dąbrowska-Jędrusik Ewa, Peryt Tadeusz Marek
Przegląd Geologiczny
|
2019
|
Vol. 67, nr 7
610--616
EN
Publication activities have played an important role in the life of the Polish Geological Institute (PGI) since its foundation in 1919. In 1919 the first geological map and in 1920 the first text publication were put out whereas in 1921 the first series appeared that has been issued till today: Transactions of the PGI (Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego). In 1938, the series Bulletin of the PGI (Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego), and in 1957 the Geological Quarterly, the flag journal of the PGI, were initiated. Their first mission was to disseminate results of studies conducted by the PGI scientists, but since 1999 the Geological Quarterly has been a truly international journal. The PGI co-edits two other international journals (Geologica Carpathica, Volumina Jurasica) and since 1992 has been a publisher of the most popular Polish geological journal, Przegląd Geologiczny. This journal was established in 1953, but the first publisher was Wydawnictwa Geologiczne that stem from the PGI in 1953, and finally in 2000 all publication activities returned to the PGI. In addition, a range of various books has been published, including a monumental scientific synthesis entitled Geology of Poland that was initiated in 1963; its first part was published in 1968 and the last one in 2004 (altogether 25 parts in six volumes). After World War II, one of the top priorities of the PGI was to elaborate various synthetic, detailed and special maps as well as atlases, and this activity, which otherwise is the proof of the notable increase of our knowledge on the geology of Poland, belongs to the great achievements of the PGI. Within a century, about 15,000 geological maps were published. Since the last decade, a number of publications dealing with various tasks of the Polish geological survey and the Polish hydrogeological survey has distinctly been increased
3
Content available Visualization and Interaction in the atlas of the human brain, head and neck
Nowinski W. L.
Machine Graphics and Vision
|
2014
|
Vol. 23, No. 3/4
3-10
EN
Our ultimate objective is to create a holistic and reference atlas of the whole adult human brain along with the head and neck. Several techniques have been employed to create atlases. Here we discuss the atlas design and use from a point of view of two key techniques, visualization and interaction. For visualization, surface rendering of a geometrical model of the brain, head and neck is employed. Geometrical model ensures anatomic parcellability, high (sub-pixel) resolution, editibility, extendibility, structure separability, structure-to-structure conflict detection, and integration a knowledge-based content with the atlas. Interaction allows the user to create and explore any region of interest along with its surroundings just with a few clicks, taking into account that the atlas provides a rich set of functions and the number of atlas components is about 3,000. There are seven types of interaction enabling to: select and deselect tissue classes/groups/individual structures, do real-time manipulation, do virtual dissections, select and scroll the original scans, query a structure to get its label or location, get stereotactic coordinates and measure distances, and support other functionality. This design of visualization and interaction provides a fast and easy to use solution, and allows the atlas to run on desktop and mobile iPad and Android-based platforms.
4
Content available Pięćsetlecie urodzin Gerarda Merkatora i jego znaczenie dla geoinformacyjnego etapu rozwoju kartografii
Berlant A. M.
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
|
2011
|
T. 43, nr 1
27-34
PL
Gerard Merkator (Kremer) (1512-1594), flamandzki kartograf, matematyk i geograf urodził sie w Rupelmonde we Flandrii 5 marca 1512. Podczas studiów w Bois-le-Duc i Lowanium poznał Georgiusa Macropediusa i Gemmę Frisiusa dzięki którym zainteresował się kartografią i naukową geografią. W roku 1534 założył pracownię geograficzną w Lowanium, a w latach 1537-1538 wydał swoją pierwszą mapę Palestyny i małą mapę świata w odwzorowaniu sercowym. W roku 1541 stworzył swój słynny globus ziemi, który otrzymał w prezencie król Karol V. W roku 1551 powstał kolejny globus, tym razem nieba. W 1544 Merkator został na krótko aresztowany i oskarżony o herezję. Wkrótce przyjął zaproszenie Uniwersytetu w Duisburgu, gdzie uczył matematyki w szkole przygotowującej kandydatów na studia. Następnie został kosmografem i osiadł na stałe w Niemczech. W roku 1554 w Duisburgu Merkator zakończył swój projekt nowej mapy Europy. "Odwzorowanie Merkatora" miało taka cechę, że południki, równoleżniki i boki rombów miały na mapie formę linii prostych. W 1569 Merkator przedstawił swoją mapę świata dla celów nawigacji. Była to ostatnia mapa wielkoformatowa w której zastosował odwzorowanie walcowe równokątne znane pod jego imieniem. Jako pierwszy użył słowa "atlas" w odniesieniu do zestawu map. W 1585 Merkator opublikował pierwszy tom swojego atlasu w formie książkowej. Po jego śmierci w 1594 roku jego syn Romuld Merkator i wydawca Henrik Hondius dokończyli Atlas i wydali go w dwóch częściach. Idee Gerarda Merkatora wywierają wielki wpływ na nowoczesną kartografię. Pozostawiły ślad w teorii i wzbogaciły kartografię matematyczną. Odwzorowanie Merkatora jest zawsze używane we wszelkiego rodzaju mapach nawigacyjnych (morskich, lotniczych i drogowych). Merkator przyczynił się także do powstania globusa i wniósł znaczący wkład w kartograficzną metodykę badań - nalegał, aby każdy produkt kartograficzny (mapa, globus) zawierał instrukcję użycia i metodę pomiarów kartometrycznych. Największym osiągnięciem naukowca jest ustalenie zasad tworzenia atlasów i samo słowo "atlas", któremu współczesne znaczenie nadał Merkator.
EN
Gerard Mercator (Kremer) (1512-1594) - was a Flemish cartographer, mathematician and geographer, born at Rupelmonde, in Flanders, on the 5th of March 1512. While studding at Bois-le-Duc and Louvain (where he became licentiate), he met Georgius Macropedius and Gemma Frisius, from them he derived much of his inclination to cartography and scientific geography. In 1534 he founded his geographical establishment at Louvain and in 1537-1538 he published his earliest known map of Palestine and a small map of the world in double hart-shaped projection. In 1541 he issued the famous terrestrial globe which has been presented to King Charles V. In 1551 a celestial globe followed. In 1544 Mercator was arrested for short time and prosecuted for heresy and then he accepted the invitation from University of Duisburg. He taught mathematics in a school designed to prepare students for University. Then he became a cosmographer permanently settled in Germany. In 1554 in Duisburg Mercator completed his project to produce a new map of Europe. The 'Mercator projection' had the property that lines of longitude, latitude and rhomb lines appear as straight lines on the map. In 1569 Mercator presented his world map to be used in navigation. It was Mercator's last map in large format where he used the angle perspective cylindrical projection bearing his name. He was also the first to use the term 'atlas' for a collection of maps. In 1585 Mercator published the first volume of his own world atlas in a book form. After his death in 1594 his son Romuld Mercator together with map publisher Henrik Hondius completed the Atlas and published it in 1589 in 2 parts which included 80 maps. Ideas of Gerard Mercator have a great influence on modern cartography. They left the trace in its theory, enriched mathematical cartography. Mercator's projection is always used for all types of navigation maps (marine, aviation and auto). Mercator made the significant contribution in globes creation as well as in the cartographic method of research since he was the one who insisted that every cartographic product (map, globe) should be accompanied by the instructions for its use and the techniques on how to make cartometric measurements on the maps. The biggest contribution of the great scientist are the principles of atlas mapping and the word 'atlas' itself was started to be used by Mercator.
5
Content available Atlas ryzyka na drogach krajowych w Polsce
Jamroz K., Michalski L., Kustra W.
Drogownictwo
|
2010
|
nr 4
113-121
PL
Europejski "Program oceny ryzyka na drogach" jest jedną z inicjatyw wspierających realizację "wizji zero". Program ma na celu przeprowadzenie badań ryzyka panującego na drogach krajów Unii Europejskiej, korzystając z jednolitej metodyki. Wyniki tych badań mają posłużyć do metodycznej oceny poziomu zagrożenia zdrowia i życia w ruchu drogowym. W chwili obecnej program ten realizuje ponad 30 krajów Europy, a kilka następnych zamierza do niego przystąpić. Idea projektu EuroRAP zyskała zwolenników także na innych kontynentach: w Australii - AusRAP, Stanach Zjednoczonych AP - USRAP, Ameryce Południowej i Afryce IRAP.
EN
The European Road Assessment Programme is one of the initiatives supporting the implementation of Vision Zero. Its aim is to assess risk on the roads of European Union countries using a consistent methodology. The results will be used for assessing the level of risk of road death or injury. Currently, the programme is being implemented in more than 30 countries across Europe with several others planning to join it. EuroRAP as an idea has won the interest of people on other continents as well: Australia has its AusRAP, the US has the USRAP and South America and Africa have the IRAP.
6
Content available Soil and agriclimatic information contained in Polish contemporary atlases and its usability for agricultural purposes
Koreleski K.
Geomatics and Environmental Engineering
|
2009
|
Vol. 3, no. 3
55-66
EN
The general aim of the paper is to present the range of information and cartographic features of chosen contemporary atlases – thematic maps, scales, graphic techniques applied, etc. Thematic maps provide moderate or high value for agriculture. The high information value for farming is contained in 9 soil maps and 25 climatic maps, for agriculture development in 6 soil maps and 10 agriclimatic maps and for farmland valuation in 3 soil maps and 12 climatic maps. The most useful for agricultural purposes are: Atlas of Geographical Environment, Atlas of Climatic Risk for Crop Cultivation, Atlas of Soil Moisture, regional climatic atlases.
PL
Głównym celem pracy jest prezentacja zakresu informacji i charakterystyka kartograficzna wybranych współczesnych polskich atlasów – map tematycznych, skali, technik graficznych itp. Mapy tematyczne dostarczają informacji o umiarkowanej lub dużej wartości dla rolnictwa. Dużą wartość informacyjną dla upraw roślin ma 9 map glebowych i 25 map agroklimatycznych, dla rozwoju rolnictwa – 6 map glebowych i 10 map agroklimatycznych, a dla wyceny gruntów – 3 mapy glebowe i 12 map agroklimatycznych. Najbardziej przydatne w rolnictwie są: Atlas środowiska geograficznego, Atlas ryzyka klimatycznego, Atlas uwilgotnienia gleb oraz atlasy regionalne.
7
Content available remote Sztuka wydać i sztuka sprzedać
Ostrowski J.
Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny
|
2006
|
nr 3
12-17
8
Content available remote Dwa rekordy świata
Ostrowski J.
Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny
|
2006
|
nr 2
8-13
9
Content available O inicjatywie opracowania i realizacji Atlasu Śląska Dolnegi i Opolskiego
Pawlak J., Pawlak W.
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
|
2001
|
T. 33, nr 2
114-126
PL
Artykuł ma charakter autoreferatu redakcyjnego, w którym przedstawiono okoliczności powstania inicjatywy opracowania kompleksowego Atlasu Śląska Dolnego i Opolskiego. Atlas był opracowany w nietypowych warunkach, w specjalnie powołanej jednostce Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego pod nazwą Pracownia Atlasu Dolnego Śląska. Autorzy przedstawiają sposób organizacji oraz przebieg wszystkich prac nad atlasem, z zastosowaniem nietypowych rozwiązań organizacyjnych, merytorycznych i finansowych.
EN
The authors present the history of preparation of the complex regional atlas elaborated by the Lower Silesia Atlas Lboratory at the Wrocław University, and put out in 1998. The atlas was jointly initiated by the Wrocław University and the Wrocław Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The contract signed in 1985 between these two institutions established a special laboratory named Lower Silesia Atlas Laboratory, whose aim was to prepare the atlas. Władyslaw Pawlak was appointed Head of the Lab and the Editor-in-Chief of the Atlas. the forthcoming 50th anniversary of the Polish sovereignty over the Western and Northern Territories (incorporated in 1945) was the opportune time to prepare such a regional atlas. The atlas, as an anniversary publication, was projected to sum up the results of Polish research on the territory of the Lower and Opole Silesia. The incorporation of this territory into Poland in 1945, as well as the displacement of German settlers, in place of whom Polish inhabitants displaced from the eastem parts of the prewar Poland were settled down, created a totally new demographic and economic situation. The year 1945 turned out to be the only year in the whole history of Silesia, during which the modern Europe's largest operation of displacement of Polish and German inhabitants took place. The result of this process was that millions of new inhabitants of Silesia inhibited the area, Whose history and tradition was familiar only to the intellectual elite. Therefore, the problems of Silesia became one of the parts of the atlas. The atlas was initially planned to cover the Lower Silesia only, however it was later decided that it would also include Opole Silesia. That way the atlas covered the territory of five voivodeships: Jelenia Góra, Legnica, Opole, Wałbrzych and Wrocław. The concept of the atlas was prepared in the Lower Silesia Atlas Laboratory, and this is also where the entire atlas was prepared. The Editor-j -Chief was allowed to freely prepare both the atlas contents and structure, which resulted in certain modifications made to the initially projected character of the Atlas. The originally projected anniversary character of the atlas evolved toward a more educational publication. The authors decided to add a wholly new section devoted to the political and economic history of Silesia, including the processes of displacement of its inhabitants after the World War II and the economic and social integration of Silesia with the rest of the country. Atlas is based in whole on the results of Polish research after the World War II. The issues of natural wnvironment and its degradation were especially stressed in the atlas. Almost all maps included in the atlas are original ones based on official statistical data and on the results of research conducted in many academic institutions in Wrocław, other academic centers in Poland and also in nimerous research institutes. The Atlas was financed by the local authorities of this region, city authorities of Wrocław, the Wrocław Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences and also by the University of Wrocław. All map titles, editorial notes and map descriptions and legends have been translated into English and German. The Atlas of Lower and Opole Silesia is currently the newest and largest regional atlas in Poland. Almost 100 map authors and collaborators contributed to the atlas, whose elaboration took almost 12 years. The atlas was prepared by means of both the traditional and computer technology.
10
Atlas map pola geomagnetycznego Bałtyku
Sas-Uhrynowski A., Welker E., Demina I., Kasyanenko L.G.
Prace Instytutu Geodezji i Kartografii
|
2000
|
T. 47, z. 100
9--24
PL
Atlas, opracowany w formie cyfrowej na podstawie pomiarów elementów pola geomagnetycznego na Bałtyku w latach 1970 1990, zawiera mapy deklinacji magnetycznej D i inklinacji magnetycznej 1, wektora indukcji magnetycznej F i jego składowych poziomej H i pionowej Z oraz mapy anomalii wektora indukcji Fa i anomalii składowej poziomej Ha. Ponadto, do atlasu dołączone zostały mapy izopor D, F i H oraz mapy pola normalnego Fn i Hn. Niniejsze opracowanie, stanowiące opis atlasu, zawiera rys historyczny badań magnetycznych na Bałtyku, szczegóły dotyczące ekspedycji pomiarowych na niemagnetycznym statku badawczym „Zaria", sposobu wykonywania pomiarów i ich opracowania oraz szczegóły dotyczące analizy dokładności i opracowania kartograficznego. W opracowaniu jest także pokazany przykład zastosowania opracowanych map do wyznaczenia głębokości zalegania fundamentu krystalicznego.
EN
Results of measurements of geomagnetic field for Baltic sea, collected between 1970 and 1990 with the use of non-magnetic research ship „Zaria", were stored at the computer database. These data were re-calculated to epoch 1995.5, considering time changes of geomagnetic field. Total length of profiles, where continuous magnetic measurements were conducted, was over 55 000 km. Average distance between particular profiles was 4,5 km. The following mean errors resulted from calculations of measurement data were obtained: for F and H - 25-35 nT: for D - 0,2o-0,3o. Data stored in database were applied for calculating values of elements of geomagnetic field for nodes of 1x1 km grid. On the basis of this grid the Atlas of Maps of Geomagnetic Field for Baltic Sea was prepared in digital form. Cartographic presentation of D, I , F, Z, H, Fa and Ha was done at a scalę of 1:5 000 000. Maps of D and Fa were also prepared at a scalę of 1:1 500 000. The Atlas also includes maps of secular changes of D, F, and H, maps of normal field Fa and Ha and map of measurement routes of the research ship. Results of determination of depth of crystallite bedrock on the Baltic area were also presented in the article as an example of application of the prepared maps.
11
Content available remote Problemy koncepcji i realizacji Atlasu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Najgrakowski M., Ostrowski J.
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
|
2000
|
T. 32, nr 2
83-96
PL
Po przypomnieniu historii powstania Atlasu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, autorzy przedstawiają organizację prac nad atlasem, głównie założenia jego koncepcji oraz zakresu i strukturę treści, a w zakończeniu zwracają uwagę na publikację dzieła, założonego jako wydawnictwo permanentne.
EN
The National Atlas of Poland published in the years 1973-1978 was a very successful project in the Polish society, which can be reflected by the total number of copies sold 46,000. The interest shown in the atlas, as well as the need to present the political and economic changes in Poland in the 70s, impelled the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish academy of Science to initiate a project aiming at the elaboration of a new atlas of this kind. The preliminary stage of this project started as early as in 1979, however it took a nex few years of preparation and negotiations, before the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Science and the State Cartographic Publishing House signed the contract in 1986, stating that the new national atlas (Atlas of the People's Republic of Poland) will be jointly prepared and put out by these organizations. This is when the editorial process started. The aim was to publish an atlas consisting of 9 thematic volumes containing about 20 map sheets each. The atlas was projected to be completed in 1994 - to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland. The reorganization of the national mapping service, as well as some financial shortages resulted in the fact that the project was suspended in the late 1980s. However, after the post-1989 political transformation in Poland, the idea of preparing a new national atlas showing the country on the threshold of a new era was soon revived. The Surveyor General of Poland recognized the publication of this atlas as one of the main tasks of the national mapping service. As a result, the project was re-launched, however with a modified concept. It was decided that the Atlas of the Republic of Poland would consist of a single volume containing 4 thematic parts put out successively in several series. A new 39-member Scientific Council headed by Jerzy Kondracki was elected. Also, the project was reorganized. The General Surveyor of Poland took over the editor's duties, the Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Science took over the responsibility over the map preparation, whereas the Polish Cartographic Publishing House (State Cartographic Publishing House before 1992) was responsible for technical preparation and printing. This was confirmed by a new agreement signed in July 1992. The Atlas of the Republic of Poland project was completed in April 1998, when the final fifth map folio was published. It also contained a book with the indexes of maps and geographic names. The total of 158 separate map sheets were published, each printed in 20,000 copies. These map sheets consisted of 912 maps and 192 diagrams, contributed by 164 authors. A serious technological revolution took place during the time the atlas was prepared. It was started when maps engraving and manual color separation ware the standard procedures and ended when the computer-assisted map production process was becoming a widely recognized standard. The first two parts of the atlas were prepared traditionally, whereas the 89 per cent of the 3rd and 4th was prepared digitally. The final concept of the atlas content, graphic design and the editorial form of the atlas was designed to meet the needs of its users. Therefore, the atlas is a collection of separate map sheets published in a portfolio. The aim is to prepare a permanently up-to-dated and developed atlas, instead of preparing separate revised editions. It is planned to publish additional separate map sheets - both devoted to new topics and as updates of the previously published ones. The first additional sheets containing the new administrative division were printed in 1999. The atlas has the following thematic structure: The first, introductory part Country - Territory - Organization (29 map sheets) consists of The maps presenting the territorial aspect of the Polish lands (general reference maps, including a 6-sheet 1:500,000 scale map) and also a number of historical and administrative ones. The second part of the atlas - Natural Environmenr (41 map sheets) contains information on: geology, relief, hydrography, climate, plants and animals and also contains a section devoted to the environment protection. The third part - Society (43 map sheets) contains information on population, its development, distribution, structure, and migrations. It also contains a section on urban and rural settlement. A large number of maps is devoted to the social issues: standard of living, education, culture, health service, leisure and social activities." The final, fourth part - Economy (45 map sheets) consists of a series of maps devoted to the particular sections of country's economy: agriculture and forestry, construction, industry, transportation, services. It also includes a synthetic map presenting the transformations of the economy. This part proved to be particularly difficult to prepare, due to the lack of up-to-date sources. The basic stage of the atlas was completed in 1998. However, the Polish cartographers must now set themselves some new goals: prepare new, supplementary sheets as well as modern electronic atlas. The latter however requires a different approach to data presetation. This project has already been initiated, and it will undoubtedly benefit from the experience gained during the preparation of the printed Atlas of the Republic of Poland.
12
Content available remote Funkcje interaktywne w atlasach elektronicznych
Okonek M.
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
|
2000
|
T. 32, nr 2
107-117
PL
W artykule dokonano przeglądu interaktywnych funkcji wizualizacji danych geograficznych występujących w atlasach elektronicznych. Po ogólnym scharakteryzowaniu pojęcia atlasu elektronicznego dokonano klasyfikacji funkcji atlasów pozwalających na interakcję z użytkownikiem, opierając się na rozróżnieniu rodzaju informacji uzyskiwanych z ich zastosowaniem.
EN
Electrinoc atlases constitute a fairly new form of cartographic publications. Although the term "Electronic Atlas" appeared in print as early as in 1984 (E. Sielierska), it was not until the early 1990s that first general reference electronic atlases appeared on the market (R.M.Smith 1999). It can be easily noticed that functions included in atlases of this kind require rethinking the concepts of thematic structure, scale and relationships between different elements of the atlas. In an earlier paper (M. Okonek 1997) the concepts of scale and thematic structure of cartographic presentation in electronic atlases were discussed. The intention of this one is to provide a systematic analysis and a classification of interactive features included in such publications. While there have been a few papers devoted to the classification of electronic atlases published to date, most of these seem not to notice the shift in the way that printed and electronic atlases function. Basing on the type of information resulting from the use of the particular interactive features, we propose to discern the following classes of functions: - Navigation. This class of functions enables the atlas unser to move through the maps of an atlas and to customize the atlas content. These functions can be further subdivided into sub-categories. The user can navigate through space (scrolling), time, scale (zooming), map themes (layer selection) or evenforms of cartographic presentation. - Identification. The goal of functions included in this category is to identify names and to provide additional information on objects included in maps. - Orientation. these functions inform the user of this current location on a map and provide directions. These features are most often used in various route planning software packages. - Measurement. Projected to calculate a desired distance/surface on maps. - Analytical Functions. Functions in this class are designed to transform the cartographic representations in electronic atlases into certain derivative products (e.G.a DTM derived from a contour map) - Communication. Function included here are responsible for communicating with the external systems. The examples of such function may include data expost, printing or download.
13
Content available remote Próba kartograficznego przedstawienia zmian gospodarczych w Polsce w latach 1990-1996
Mroczkiewicz H., Siwek J.
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
|
1999
|
T. 31, nr 1
21-25
PL
W artykule omówiono założenia redakcyjne i opracowanie arkusza mapowego pt. Gospodarka polska w okresie przemian 1990-1996, wykonanego w konwencji "Atlasu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej".
EN
The paper presents the process of elaboration of a map "Polish economy during the period of transformation 1990-1996", presenting the most important economic changes, stimulated by the Polish political system reforms of the late 1980s and 1990s. The map sheet contains a main map at a scale of 1:1 500 000 and two supplementary maps 1: 6 000 000. The main map entitled "Selected elements of economic changes" presents: 1. Foreign investments of over USD 1 bilion, showing the investor's country of origin; 2. Traffic of people and trucks on all border crossings, including their type and opening dates; 3. Unemployment rate for the district unemployment offices' areas of activity. 4. Number of state enterprises undergoing the privatization process; 5. Changes to the share of private firms in the total number of employees, 1990-1996. 6. Size of grounds taken over by the Treasury Agricultural Property Agency and directions of their distribution. 7. Share of the grounds sold and leased from the above mentioned Agency in the total privately owned farms. All maps are based on the data for December 31, 1996. The cartographic presentation of these issues depended to the great extent on the character and number of details of the available data. The ownership transformations, considered a crucial topic, had to be presented on supplementary maps at a scale of 1:6 000 000, due to the generality of statistical data which made it impossible to present these issues on the 1:1 500 000 scale map (the only available data pertained to 49 voivodeships). The map "Polish economy during the period of transformation" was prepared digitally. The Corel-Draw! software was used as a main program; both the base map and majority of thematic content elements have been drawn with the use of it. Also, Arc/Info and ArcView have been used. The map's graphic form follows the convention of the "Atlas of the Republic of Poland" published between 1993 and 1998. The described map was prepared at the Chair of Cartography, Warsaw University as a M. Sc. thesis.
14
Content available remote Kartograficzne zastosowania systemów informacji geograficznej na przykładzie "Cyfrowego atlasu środowiska przyrodniczego województwa gdańskiego"
Kistowski M.
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
|
1999
|
T. 31, nr 2
106-114
PL
Artykuł prezentuje przykład zastosowania oprogramowania GIS MapInfo do opracowania "Atlasu środowiska przyrodniczego województwa gdańskiego". Scharakteryzowano metodę wykonania i zakres cyfrowej bazy danych atlasu, technologię numerycznego opracowania map, zawartość atlasu, a także przedstawiono krąg potencjalnych odbiorców i zastosowań publikacji, posiadającej wersję drukowaną oraz cyfrową na płycie kompaktowej.
EN
The papaer presents the technological aspect of elaboration of the Atlas, part of which was developed using the MapInfo software. The described procedure was applied in the production of the "Digital Environmental Atlas of Gdansk Voivodship (Northern Poland). The atlas was completed in September 1998 and released both in print and as a digital atlas on a CD-R. The database prepared in the MapInfo environment is organized into 60 thematic layers, including the following categories of information: - Land use, - Environment protection forms, - Geologic resources and hydrogeologic conditions, - Hydrography, - Selected elements of the quality of environment (waste sites, water quality). The content of this geographic database corresponds with the level of detail for the 1:25,000 scale topographic mapping. The data set served as a base for the atlas production. Digital elaboration of this atlas can be divided into 2 main steps: 1. GIS data preparation (MapInfo software), 2. Vector and Raster data processing and DTP (graphic and DTP software). The MapInfo software was used to produce the thematic maps based on the previously developed database, and also to generate the map lebels, legends and linear bar. The maps were formatted using the "Layout" command, and then saved as workspace (*.wor). The next step was to save both the maps and map legends as postscript files (*.eps). The Adobe Illustrator software was used to process the *.eps vector images, and the DTP was made in the Quark XPress software. The final stage of the atlas preparation was led simultaneously in the following two directions: For the paper version the map colors were separated and then printed, whereas fo the digital one maps were exported to the *.pdf format and then recorded on CD-Rs. The atlas is composed of 43 maps, 13 tables and 30 photographs. Most of the maps cover the whole of Gdansk Voivodship, but some of them only the selected areas (landscape parks, Gdansk Metropolitan Area). Maps are printed at scales varying from around 1:70,000 to 1:1,500 000. The digital version allows to magnify the maps to the desired scale, and also to visualize them together with the appropriate data. The data included in this atlas should be of assistance to numerous groups of users dealing with the protection and conservation of the natural environment: teachers, students, clerks, researchers, spatial data managers as well as the local societies and non-governmental ecological organizations.
15
Content available remote Bałtyk skartowany
Sas-Uhrynowski A.
Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny
|
1999
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nr 3
39--43
16
Content available remote Rozwój map ogólnogospodarczych w szkolnych atlasach geograficznych do końca XIX wieku
Kowalski P.
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
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1998
|
T. 30, nr 2
97-110
PL
Po omówieniu czynników wpływających na powstanie i rozwój kartografii gospodarczej począwszy od końca XVIII wieku, autor prezentuje pierwsze mapy ogólnogospodarcze kolejno w angielskich, francuskich, niemieckich i rosyjskich atlasach szkolnych, a w zakończeniu wyróżnia trzy kształtujące się wówczas typy takich map.
EN
The initial part depicts the conditions under which economic maps (especially general ones) appeared in school atlases. This was the result of the achieved level of socioeconomic and civilization development, which created the demand for such maps. Progress in the techniques of statistical data collecting and the increase of their availability, development of the technology of map compilation and printing, development of geography as a branch of science, progress in teaching methods in geography and the development of cartography itself can be considered as the main factors influencing the development of economic school maps. Although the maps described in this paper do not fully reflect the today's understanding of economic maps, however if they comprise at least two branches of economy they can be considered as such. Initially, the general economic maps contained the nominal point symbols presenting certain forms of economic activity. For the first such maps in a school atlas appeared in 1792 in A.G. Caspari 'Neuer metodischer Schulatlas...' published by J.F. Bertuch's publishing house Industrie Comptoir in Weimar. It was only half a century later that such maps were introduced to the atlases devoted mainly for the professional schools (mainly trade ones). In 1870s the economic maps started to appear in few atlases for colleges. They became common as late as in the beginning of the 20th century. General economic maps in the atlases for high schools and colleges served as supplementary ones. They we drawn to scales a few times smaller than the general reference maps, as oppose to the map for professional schools, were both types of maps were drawn to the same scale, and served as main maps. In the course of time three types of general economic maps emerged, differing in the way of presenting of their contents and the presentation of economic character of particular continents and countries. The first type is constituted of maps having a very specific graphic design, which were included in British atlases (e.g. :'School atlas of physical...', E. Hughes, 1853), and then in French ('Atlas universal et classique...', M.M. Drioux, Ch. Leroy, 1873). These maps contained the names of natural resources, branches of industry and crops. The second type is composed of maps in German atlases (especially in 'Diercke Schulatlas...', 1895), which in the first half of the 20th century became characteristic of all German speaking countries. These maps can be characterized by their small scale. The selected resources, branches of industry and crops were presented with linear and areal ranges using colours and patterns. Finally, the third type are the maps of European Russia prepared by A. Iljin's Publishing House, published in the licensed edition of German atlas by E. v. Sydow ('Ucebnyj atlas E. v. Sidowa', 1896), as well as in 'Ucebnyj geograficeskij atlas A. Iljina' published one year later. The 'Novyj ucebnyj geograficeskij atlas...', 1894 contained a new version of this map, by presenting the selected forms of land cover (tundra, forests), besides the pasture and cropland areas, as well as industrial and mining areas. These maps can be considered as an imperfect prototype of the contemporary general economic map.
17
Content available remote Koncepcja treści i opracowanie ogólnoinformacyjnego elektronicznego 'Atlasu Polski' firmy Cartall
Okonek M.
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
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1998
|
T. 30, nr 1
10-18
PL
Autor artykułu, redaktor części kartograficznej elektronicznego 'Atlasu Polski' opublikowanego w 1997 r., po przypomnieniu wydanych dotychczas w Polsce atlasów elektronicznych, prezentuje koncepcję i kolejne etapy opracowania atlasu, jak również zawartość i sposób ujęcia poszczególnych elementów treści.
EN
Atlas Polski, published in 1997 is the second (after Szkolny Atlas Polski) electronic atlas of this country. The cartographic part of this atlas consists of four elements: 1. General-reference map of Poland 2. Thematic maps 3. Thematic city maps 4. Statistical maps. The general-reference map serves as a basic map in this atlas. It consists of 8 thematic layers as well as the map legend. The map contains 5 levels of detail. It is digitized in vector format. The map was prepared using a computer program complied in Borland Delphi 1.0. A set of 27 thematic maps of both physical and socio-economic contents is the second element in this atlas. Each of these maps is available in two levels of detail. Maps are stored in raster format. The diversity of map themes is also reflected by the map design methods. The following methods were applied on these maps: isarythms, graduated symbols, nominal point and areal symbols as well as the dasymetric method. The atlas also contains a set of 7 city structure maps of the Poland's largest cities and metropolitan areas. These maps are also stored in raster format and are available in 2 levels of detail. They major content is composed of the presentation of transportation network and dominant land use forms. The atlas contains a set of 114 statistical maps in 11 thematic categories. Two mapping methods were used in this map group: choropleth and graduated symbol. The basic unit areas are the major administrative units. The electronic atlas elaboration process differs from the elaboration of a printed one. Apart from the strictly cartographic processes, the electronic atlas system also requires design of a map visualization system and a graphical user interface. Also, the very cartographic representations in an electronic atlas posses a number of properties differing from the features of a printed one. ¸
18
Content available remote Ewolucja map ogólnogospodarczych w europejskich atlasach dla ogólnokształcących szkół średnich w XX wieku
Kowalski P.
Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
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1998
|
T. 30, nr 4
260-273
PL
W nawiązaniu do wcześniej przedstawionych początków rozwoju map ogólnogospodarczych w atlasach szkolnych (P. Kowalski 1998) autor przedstawia ewolucję zakresu i sposobu ujęcia treści oraz wyrazu graficznego tych map w XX wieku.
EN
Economic maps, and among these also general economic ones (showing at least two branches of economy-agriculture and industry), were widely introduced to the school atlases as late as the beginning of the 20th century. During the 19th century economic maps can be found only in few atlases. Maps of the home country were first to appear, followed by the maps of the world showing the transport network, as well as the distribution of cultivated plants and breeding animals. Also, at the end of the 19th century the economic maps of other countries appeared in a few atlases. These maps, drawn to a few times smaller scales than the general reference maps, showed selected natural resources, cultivated plants as well as the branches of industry. At the beginning of the 20th century the contents of economic maps was enhanced by increasing the number of entries, while the scale remained unchanged. The further increase of the number of entries on general economic maps during the period between the two World Wars resulted in the necessity of replacing them by the maps of separate branches of economy (agriculture and industry), or even the separate maps of the most vital branches of industry, agriculture and transport. As a result the share of general economic maps in school atlases was severly decreased. Also, at the same time, the synthetic world maps showing forms of human economic activity were introduced to the school atlases. The classification by E. Hahn was most often used. During the period between the two World Wars such maps also presented the continents. Usually drawn to a uniform scale, these maps enabled the comparison of the stage of economic development of particular regions. After the World War II, together with a new generation of school atlases, a new stage of general economic map development in its today's understanding was initiated. Starting from the fifties, general economic maps were drawn to larger scales, having been treated equally with the general reference maps, with which they were often composed together. The increasing significance of general economic maps in school atlases was a result not only of the increasing importance of the econo- mic issues within the geography curriculum, but also of the rapid development of thematic cartography. Large map scales, advances to the map elaboration technology and printing, as well as the increasing availability of sources made it possible to enhance the map content and their graphic design. As an example, the size of nominal point symbols started to indicate the importance of the industrial area. Also, separate categories of signs were introduced for the mining and processing industries. At that time, new categories of maps were introduced. Maps in Western- -European atlases were most often the analytical ones. They showed the distribution of selected branches of industry and crops against a background of the land use. On Eastern-European maps (excluding East German), the two main branches of economy were presented more synthetically. The distribution of industrial centers was presented using the circular diagrams, whereas the agriculture by the separation of agricultural regions. During the seventies newly projected atlases appeared, influenced by the new didactic trends which stressed the problem formulation of contents and the exemplary method of teaching. These atlases, especially in the German- -speaking countries were characterized by the modified thema- tic structure. The share of socio- economic maps as well at the examples were greatly increased. Also, new types of general economic maps were developed. At the same time the content of general economic maps was enriched with the shaded relief presentation and also with more detailed presentation of the types of natural vegetation. During the recent twenty years, the center of gravity of the economic activity was moved from mining, agriculture and industry toward the sector of services, which was not reflected on school general economic maps. Only in Austrian atlases as well as in one Swiss atlas an attempt was made to present the sector of services on general economic maps, especially trade, craft and tourism - by presenting the dominant function of localities. The general maps of continents entitled 'The Structure of Economy' from the 'Holzel Weltatlas fur die Oberstufe' are very inspiring as exposing the importance of services for the economy. These maps can be considered to constitute a next step in the development of general economic maps in school atlases.
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