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1 Wiadomości Chemiczne

1 2014

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Enancjoselektywna enzymatyczna desymetryzacja katalizowana oksydoreduktazami. Dehydrogenazy w reakcji redukcji. Część I

Kołodziejska R., Karczmarska-Wódzka A., Tafelska-Kaczmarek A., Studzińska R., Wróblewski M., Augustyńska B.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2014

[Z] 68, 9-10

763--782

Enzymes act as biocatalysts whether are also mediating in all anabolic and catabolic pathways, playing an extremely important role in the cells of all life forms. Catalytic potential of oxidoreductases is most commonly used in reduction reactions. Dehydrogenases and reductases catalyze the reversible desymmetrization reactions of meso and prochiral carbonyl compounds and alkenes. The oxidoreductase- catalyzed reactions require cofactors to initiate catalysis. In most cases, it is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or its phosphorylated derivative (NADPH), which acts as a hydride donor. The necessity of employing expensive cofactors was, for the long time, one of the main limitations to the use of dehydrogenases. This problem was solved by developing a regeneration system of a cofactor in the reaction environment. Various systems are used for the cofactor recycling. In the case of a carbonyl compound reduction, an irreversible oxidation of formic acid to carbon dioxide is most frequently used. In this paper, selected examples of whole-cell and isolated enzymes applications in the carbonyl compound reduction are discussed. The application of baker’s yeast, microorganisms and dehydrogenases in enantioselective enzymatic desymmetrization (EED) of prochiral ketones leads to a broad spectrum of chiral alcohols used as intermediates in the syntheses of many pharmaceuticals and compounds presenting a potential biological activity.