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3 2019

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Effects of the type of biomass and ashing temperature on the properties of solid fuel ashes

Horák Jiří, Kuboňová Lenka, Dej Milan, Laciok Vendula, Tomšejová Šárka, Hopan František, Krpec Kamil, Koloničný Jan

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2019

Vol. 21, nr 2

43--51

Ashes were prepared by annealing selected types of solid fuels (biomass: corn cobs, sunflower husks, olive pomace, hay pellets and rice husks; coal: lignite and bituminous; and alternative fuel: paper sludge) at different temperatures (550°C, 815°C and 975°C). Based on X-ray fluorescence spectra, the slagging/fouling indexes were used to study the effects of the type of ash and the ashing temperature on the ash fouling and slagging properties. Slagging indexes were compared with the ash fusion temperatures. Ash fusion temperatures were measured by a LECO AF-700. The lowest deformation temperature (below 1000°C) was seen for the ashes prepared from hay pellets and corn cobs. On the other hand, the deformation temperature exceeded 1500°C for ashes prepared from paper sludge, sunflower husks and rice husks. By calculating the different slagging/fouling indexes, all the ashes exhibited slagging/fouling problems of varying degrees.

Selection of optimal coal blends in terms of ash fusion temperatures using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier - a case study for Polish coals

Żogała Alina, Rzychoń Maciej, Łączny Jacek M., Róg Leokadia

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

2019

Vol. 55, iss. 5

1311--1322

One of the most important criteria for selecting coal for a given technology are the ash Fusion temperatures (AFTs). An effective way to regulate the AFTs so that they meet the criteria for a given industrial application is to form blends of different coals. The values of the AFTs in the blends are nonadditive, therefore they can't be calculated using the weighted average of the blend components. On the other hand, direct determination of ATFs values requires many additional time-consuming and expensive laboratory tests. Therefore, it is important to develop a solution that, in addition to the effective prediction of the values of AFTs, will also enable optimal selection of components of the blend in terms of its key parameters. The aim of the work was to develop an algorithm for the selection of the optimal coal blends in terms of AFTs for given industrial applications. This algorithm uses nonlinear classifying model which was built using machine learning method, support vector machine (SVM). To carry out the training samples of Polish hard coals from different mines of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin were used. The accuracy of the developed model is 92.3%. The results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, which can find practical application in the form of an expert system used in the coal industry. The paper presents the concept of developed IT tool which has been tested for a selected case.

Influence of Liquid Hydroxide Based Additives on Suppression of Slag Formation in Granulation Furnaces

Nadkanska Hana, Zavada Jaroslav, Blazek Vladislav, Mudrunka Jaroslav

Inżynieria Mineralna

2019

R. 21, nr 1/2

341--346

The article deals with the possibility of limiting slag formation in specific heating plant boilers by adding an additive to the batch. The possibilities of reducing slag formation in energy boilers have already been investigated in laboratory conditions where the addition of the NALCO 8270 additive has not led to demonstrable results [13]. X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence of slag samples collected from granulation boilers were performed within the experiment. Furthermore, calculations of the efficiency of the boilers operated in the heat plant were performed using the indirect method. The efficiency was calculated for boilers without dosing and with additive dosing. The results show that using the additive increases the efficiency of the boiler by about 1%.

W artykule przedstawiono możliwość ograniczenia tworzenia się żużla podczas spalania w kotłach grzewczych poprzez dodatki do wsadu. Możliwości ograniczenia powstawania żużla w kotłach energetycznych zostały już zbadane w warunkach laboratoryjnych, w których dodanie dodatku NALCO 8270 nie doprowadziło do pozytywnych wyników [13]. W ramach eksperymentu przeprowadzono dyfrakcję rentgenowską i fluorescencję rentgenowską próbek żużla pobranych z kotłów. Ponadto obliczenia wydajności kotłów pracujących w ciepłowni przeprowadzono metodą pośrednią. Wydajność obliczono dla kotłów bez dozowania i z dozowaniem dodatków. Wyniki pokazują, że dodatek zwiększa wydajność kotła o około 1%.