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Badanie rozwoju wybranych gatunków traw do umacniania składowisk popiołów paleniskowych z elektrociepłowni

Klimont K., Bulińska-Radomska Z.

Problemy Inżynierii Rolniczej

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2009

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R. 17, nr 2

135-145

PL

Do badań prowadzonych w latach 2006-2008 wybrano 6 gatunków traw: kupkówka pospolita (Dactylis gromerata), tymotka łąkowa (Pyhleum pratense L.), życica trwała (Lolium perenne L.), życica wielokwiatowa (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), kostrzewa łąkowa (Festuca pratensis Huds.) i wiechlina łąkowa (Poa pratensis L.) w mieszance z koniczyną łąkową (Trifolium pratense L.) i lucerną siewną (Medicago sativa L.), kostrzewą trzcinową (Festuca arundinacea) i stokłosą bezostną (Bromus inermis) w czystym siewie oraz miskant cukrowy (Miscanthus sacchariflorus), wydmuchrzycę groniastą (Leymus racemosus), spartinę preriową (Spartina pectinata) i perz grzebieniasty (Agropyron cristatum). Rekultywacja popiołów przez nawożenie osadami ścieków komunalnych(dawka 350 m3.ha-1) i wprowadzenie roślinności wpłynęła na obniżenie pH podłoża, prawie 3.krotny wzrost przyswajalnego Mg, znaczny P2O5 i niewielki K2O w stosunku do wariantu kontrolnego i w warstwie organiczno-próchniczej i w skale macierzystej. Obserwuje się systematyczny spadek zawartości przyswajalnego P2O5 w podłożu w kolejnych latach badań. Na płaskiej wierzchowinie składowiska popiołów, gdzie nie stosowano osadów ściekowych pojawiło się kilkanaście pionierskich gatunków roślin zielnych i drzew, a żarnowiec miotlasty (Sarothamnus scoparius), topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus), trzcinnik piaskowy (Calamagrostis epigeios) i kostrzewa trzcinowa (Festuca arundinacea) zaczynały tworzyć luźne skupiska roślin.

EN

The investigations were carried out in 2006-2008 at Białystok-Solwany site in order to make a choice and to determine the development of selected grass and papilionaceous plant species used to reinforcing dumps of furnace ashes enriched with municipal sewage sludge at the rate of 350 m3/ha. Among six grass species in the mixture with added red clover (Trifolium pratense) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) sown out in spring 1999, three taxons of grass which showed slight coverage almost dropped out. Clover and lucerne plants and from the tall grasses - cockfood (Dactylis Glomerata) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), while from low grasses - meadow bluegrass (Poa pratensis), occurred in larger amounts, but covered small surface. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and awnless bromegrass (Bromus intermis) in pure sowing formed still a dense field of lush and annually intensively blooming plants. From among the grasses of foreign origin silver banner grass (Miscantus sacchariflorus), mommoth wild rye (Leymus racemosus), prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum) were well developed. Reclamation of the ashes through application of municipal sewage sludge and introduction of the flora reduced subsoil pH, causing almost triple increase of assimilable Mg, considerable growth of P2O5 and little increase of K2O in relation to control variant, both in organic-humus soil layer and bedrock alike. Systematic decrease of P2O5 content in subsoil was observed in consecutive years of study. On the flat top part of ash dump, where the sewage sludge was not applied, a dozen pioneering species of green plants and trees occurred. Such species like common broom (Sarothamnus scoparius), Jeruzalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), wood small reed (Calamagrostis epigeios) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) began to form some loose plant clusters. On dumping ground of fresh raised "raw ashes" started to grow some rachitic, palegreen and single specimen of pioneering plants.

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Nematodes colonizing power plant ash dumps. 2, Nematode communities in ash dumps covered with turf - effect of reclamation period and soil type

Dmowska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 1

37-51

EN

Changes in the below-ground system of ash dumps reclaimed by covering with turf were estimated using parameters and indices based on analysis of nematode communities. Higher trophic diversity, higher values of Maturity Index (MI), and higher complexity of food-web structure were expected when reclamation proceeded. The study was carried out for three years in chronosequences of ash dumps. Two of the dumps were reclaimed shorter and were studied between the 2tnd and 5th year of reclamation, the first one was reclaimed by covering with turf with mineral soil (S-M), the second one with turf with organogenic soil (S-O). The third ash dump reclaimed in longer time, covered with turf with organogenic soil was studied between the 8th-11th year of reclamation (L-O). Until the fourth year of reclamation S-O site provided better conditions for the development of nematodes than S-M site; trophic diversity and MI were higher in S-O site in comparison with S-M site. Later on most parameters and indices were similar in S-M and S-O site. Longer reclamation resulted in higher total abundance, higher abundance of bacteriovores, plant feeders and omnivores, and also higher biomass of bacteriovores and plant feeders. However, changes in the below-ground system of reclaimed ash dumps were very slow because even after 11 years of reclamation the ash dump had the features of a degraded environment.

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Początkowy rozwój wybranych gatunków roślin przydatnych do stabilizowania powierzchni składowisk odpadów paleniskowych

Gutkowska A.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2002

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Vol. 11, No. 2

167--173

EN

The objective of the research project was the initial development of selected plant species useful for stabilising the surface ash dump. In the experiments, the effect of ash from the Termoelectric Power Plant „Siekierki” on the germination and growth of grass species was studied.

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Nematodes colonizing power plant ash dumps. 1, Soil nematodes in ash dumps non-reclaimed and reclaimed by adding mineral soil and sowing grass

Dmowska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2001

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Vol. 49, nr 3

231-241

EN

Soil nematode communities were analyzed (total abundance, number of taxa, diversty indices of genera and species, trophic structure) in ash dumps that were waste products of the coalfired power plants. The samples were taken on four occasions during three years from three sites: non-reclaimed ash, reclaimed for 3-5 years, and reclaimed for 11-13 years. The values of the parameters analysed increased with the time of reclamation. Nonetheless, even after more than ten years of reclamation, nematode communities were more similar to those observed in degraded environments than in grasslands. They consisted mainly of bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematodes, whereas plant-feeders and omnivores were scarce, and predators were absent. All sites were dominated by bacterial-feeding nematodes of the genus Acrobeloides. Among fungal-feeding nematodes, Aphelenchoides were abundant in the initial period of reclamation, and later on Aphelenchus avenae.