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Assessment of Groundwater Contamination by Trace Metals in the Chami Gold Area (Mauritania)

El Hadi Sidi Mohamed, Hamoud Ahmed, Chakiri Said, El Hadi Hassan, Abdeina El Houssein, Sabbar Mohamed Salem, Baghdad Bouamar, Vall Mohamed, Zerdeb Mohammed Amine, Dahi Sidi Mohamed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

139--147

EN

Artisanal gold mining in Chami is an important lever in the country economy, owing to the benefits it brings, but it is also likely to have a negative impact on various environmental compartments. Contamination of surface and ground water by trace metals elements (ETMs) was studied in the vicinity of the Chami gold processing center. The aim of the study was to assess the water contamination by trace metals (ETMs) in the town of Chami. Nine water samples (process and boreholes) were analyzed for (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg). The analysis was carried out by the DMA 80 technique for Hg at the ONISPA laboratory in Nouakchott and the other ETM at the Kenitra geosciences laboratory by the ICP-MS technique. The results of the analyses show that the ETM concentrations are high in process water samples and low in drilling water samples. Pollution indices and coefficients of variation indicate no contamination or anthropogenic traces in the borehole samples, but high levels of Hg and Ni in the process water. These results show the accumulation of metals in significant quantities in the process waters, especially Hg, proving that the waters of the mining waste basins at the Chami processing site are becoming sources of environmental pollution by mercury, which can be released into the environment by several pathways.

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Socio-ecological analysis of artisanal gold mining in West Africa: a case study of Ghana

Takyi Richard, Hassan Rasha, El Mahrad Badr, Adade Richard

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2021

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Vol. 20, iss. 3

206--219

EN

The surge in artisanal gold mining (AGM) activities and the associated environmental impact in Ghana have elicited several stakeholders' attempts to curb the problem. However, due to little understanding of the underlying issues, these efforts have been ineffective. This study aims to use a socio-ecological framework to analyze drivers of AGM activities, the environmental pressures, the state change, their impact on human welfare, and the management response as measures (DAPSI(W)R(M)) to the problem. Evaluate AGM's impact on Ghana's ability to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Data were collected from relevant literature on the subject and analyzed with the DAPSI(W) R(M) framework. Esteem needs, food, acceptance and friendship, and self-actualization are the main drivers of AGM activities leading to environmental pressures, including abrasion, extraction of living and non-living resources, the introduction of non-synthetic compounds, among others. State changes of the environment resulting from the pressures generated by human activities were changes in the land and forest cover (1.13%), topography (hills turned into flatland and undulating), and biota. Due to the state in the environment, water quality and availability, agriculture food production, fish yield, food safety, spiritual and cultural loss, death, injury, and health of gold miners and other stakeholders have been affected.

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Environmental, health and safety intricacies of artisanal mining in the gold-rich landscapes of Karamoja, north-eastern Uganda

Serwajja Eria, Mukwaya Paul Isolo

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2021

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Vol. 20, iss. 2

90--108

EN

Artisanal small-scale gold mining presents numerous opportunities for Uganda's rural poor. However, it also poses serious environmental, health and safety challenges. A suite of data collection methods including interviews, focus groups discussions, water and soils sampling were used to examine the perceptions of miners on the status, prevalence and extent of mercury use in artisanal gold mining, mercury transit routes and toxicity levels of soils and water in Karamoja sub-region. It also explores the health, safety and environmental implications of artisanal small-scale gold mining in the sub-region. The findings show that trade and access to mercury is widespread; although trade in, access to and its use is highly secretive. Traders access mercury through a number of ways including smuggling across the porous borderline and formal, but covert, importation. Miners then discreetly access it through undercover sales in jewellery shops and in affluent gated communities in Uganda's capital, Kampala. Soil and water samples showed mercury levels that exceeded the minimum acceptable limits of 0.03 mg/kg and 0.006 mg/l respectively. Further, artisanal small-scale gold mining is associated with massive land clearances and landscape deformations. It has invariably scarred the countryside with piles of waste and uncovered pits that are a source of accidents and ideal breeding grounds for vectors.

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Socio-economic and environmental impact of mining on women in Kasigau mining zone in Taita Taveta County

Mwakumanya M. A., Maghenda M. M., Juma H.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2016

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Vol. 15, iss. 4

197--204

EN

The Kasigau ward is home to many gemstones with their mining contributing to the county's economic development. The mining sector is dominated by artisanal and small scale mining with 3e5% of women employed. A Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach was used to involve women with the aim of establishing home-grown interventions. Seven villages and forty nine households participated in household interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and female feedback reflection meetings to generate and analyze data. Women worked as zururas (workers) or employees, in deplorable environmental conditions, and were heavily impacted by mining activities. Women developed actionable strategies on productive engagement in the artisanal mining sector.