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Non-line of sight analysis for vehicular visible light communication system : impact of artificial light source and weather conditions

Tawfik Nagwan I., El-Mokadem Eslam Samy, Aly Moustafa H., El-Deeb Walid S.

Opto-Electronics Review

2024

Vol. 32, No. 2

art. no. e150180

Visible light communication is seen as a crucial technology within optical wireless communication systems. The technology of vehicular visible light communication holds significant importance in the context of connected vehicles. This technology can serve as a supplementary solution to vehicular systems that are based on radio frequency. In this paper, the authors conduct an analysis of the performance of both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight vehicle-to-vehicle visible light communication systems under the effect of artificial light source and weather conditions, including clear, hazy, and foggy weather. A practical vehicular laser diode, a street lamp, and an avalanche photodiode are used to design the proposed system model. Performance enhancement for the proposed system is achieved using an optical amplifier at the receiving end. An artificial light source of light-emitting diode Corn-type is used to represent an ambient artificial light source. Different metrics such as quality factor and bit error rate are used to assess the system performance of the non-line-of-sight-vehicular communication system. The proposed line-of-sight model achieves a data rate of 25 Gbps, supporting a distance of 80 m under clear sky and hazy atmospheric conditions. For foggy weather, an attainable link distance of 70 m is achieved. The achieved results emphasize the suitability of the suggested models for vehicular applications in real world environment.

Solar pyrolysis and gasification of the sewage sludge - produced fuel properties analysis

Werle Sebastian, Sobek Szymon, Kaczor Zuzanna

Proceedings of ECOpole

2020

Vol. 14, No. 1

39--46

Sewage sludge is considered as a biomass due to its biodegradability. Legal conditions in the European Union prohibit sewage sludge storage. Therefore, there is a need to develop thermal methods for sewage sludge treatment. The most common way to date has been combustion. However, this process has a lot of disadvantages associated primarily with environmental harmfulness and the immediate need to use the heat produced. Pyrolysis and gasification are considered the most promising methods of sludge management. They have many advantages over combustion. However, it is difficult to tell which method is more likely to be widely used. Therefore, the paper presents a critical comparison of the solar pyrolysis process and gasification in the fixed bed of municipal sewage sludge. The analysis of the process parameters and combustible properties of the gaseous fuels obtained was analysed.

Osady ściekowe są uważane za biomasę ze względu na swą biodegradowalność. Warunki prawne w Unii Europejskiej zabraniają składowania osadów ściekowych, dlatego istnieje potrzeba rozwoju termicznych metod wykorzystania osadów ściekowych. Dotychczas najczęstszym sposobem jest spalanie. Proces ten ma jednak wiele wad związanych przede wszystkim ze szkodliwością dla środowiska i natychmiastową potrzebą wykorzystania wytworzonego ciepła. Piroliza i zgazowanie są uważane za najbardziej obiecujące metody zagospodarowania osadów. Mają wiele zalet w porównaniu do spalania. Trudno jednak stwierdzić, która metoda będzie częściej stosowana, dlatego w artykule przedstawiono porównanie procesu pirolizy słonecznej i zgazowania w złożu nieruchomym komunalnego osadu ściekowego. Przeanalizowano wpływ parametrów procesu na właściwości palne otrzymanych gazów procesowych.