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Role of Seed Bank in Establishment of Single and Mixed-Sowing Artificial Grasslands of Tibetan Plateau

Ma Z., Zhang C., Zhou H.-K., Yao B.-Q., Zhao X.-Q.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2017

Vol. 65, nr 4

334--344

Artificial grassland establishment is one of the fastest and most effective ways to restore the productivity of degraded grasslands. Little is known about the effect of different types of artificial grassland establishment (i.e., single- and mixed-sowing grassland establishment with perennial grasses) on soil seed bank in degraded grassland ecosystems. Single-sowing population of a high yield species usually has a great standing biomass causing shading that may inhibit germination of seeds in soil seed bank. Thus, we hypothesized that there is higher species richness and seed density in the soil seed bank of single-sowing than mixed-sowing grasslands. Here, we investigated the soil seed bank in four-year old single-sowing and mixed-sowing and control (degraded) grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We found that the autumn seed bank of mixed-sowing grasslands had lower species richness and seed density than single-sowing grasslands, while the summer soil seed bank (persistent seed bank) showed little differences. There were differences in biomass among the three grasslands (single-sowing > mixed-sowing > control), but there was no differences in species richness of vegetation. In sum, our results of the autumn seed bank support our hypothesis. Greater above-ground biomass in single-sowing grasslands could generally cause low light availability preventing seeds in soil from germinating and support more seed output, which both may indirectly or directly result in the relatively higher species richness and seed density in the soil seed bank. Our results also suggest that artificial grasslands usually returning to native grasslands in terms of production and species composition after several years is likely due to stability of the persistent soil seed bank.

Aerobic Methane Emission from Plant: Comparative Study of Different Communities and Plant Species of Alpine Meadow

Guo X., Du Y., Li J., Liu S., Han D., Li Y., Lin L., Zhang F., Oyang J., Cao G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2015

Vol. 63, nr 2

223--232

This study was aimed at qualifying the methane emission ability of different communities in alpine meadow, and monitoring if the dominant species from these communities could emit methane in a sand culture experiment. Using the static chamber technique and gas chromatography method, two experiments were conducted in the field and in laboratory. First, the methane flux rate was measured in plant communities: natural alpine meadows (NM), Elymus nutans pasture (EP), herbaceous community in shrub (HS), and a Poa fruticosa meadow (PS). A 3-month sand culture experiment was conducted to show the non-microbial methane emission from living plants. Average methane emission rates were estimated to be 16.83 µg m-2 h-1 (range -49.3–107.8), 28.49 µg m-2 h-1 (range -55.0–96.2) and 20.91 µg m-2 h-1 (range -31.9– 145.8) for NM, EP, and PS, respectively. Methane emission rate from EP was significantly higher than from NM during the growing season. The reclaim of grassland would enhance the methane emission in this aera through this one year's measurement, but whether this conclusion suit to the whole Tibet Plateau, it remains further longer time and larger spatial scale experiments to verify it. The result of the sand culture experiment showed that some plant species emitted methane in an aerobic, nonmicrobial environment, most of herbaceous species showed a methane emission characteristic, the methane emission from plant may have a species dependent characteristic.