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1

Wykorzystanie chromatografii gazowej połączonej ze spektrometrią mas (GC-MS) do analizy lipidów wytwarzanych przez stawonogi

Chajduk Marek, Stepnowski Piotr, Gołębiowski Marek

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2022

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nr 3

4--9

PL

Dzięki metodzie GC-MS możliwa jest identyfikacja poszczególnych lipidów z wieloskładnikowej mieszaniny związków organicznych pozyskanej z badanych przedstawicieli stawonogów.

2

Predicting Tachypleus gigas Spawning Distribution with Climate Change in Northeast Coast of India

Pati Siddhartha, Shahimi Salwa, Nandi Debabrata, Sarkar Tanmay, Acharya Satya N., Sheikh Hassan I., Acharya Dipti Kanta, Choudhury Tanupriya, Akbar John B., Nelson Bryan R., Dash Bisnu Prasad, Edinur Hisham Atan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

211--219

EN

Species distribution models are used to predict ideal grounds, species range, and spatial shifts in an ecology over a span of time. With an aim to use Maximum entropy model (MaxEnt), presence records and pseudo-absence points are used to predict the Tachypleus gigas spawning activity for 2030 and 2050 in northeast India. The bearings of sixty T. gigas spawning grounds identified in 2018 were inserted into ArcGIS v.10.1. Meanwhile, 19 environment variables were inserted into MaxEnt v. 3.3.3, before the model performance was tested using receiver operational characteristics and area under curve (AUC). With an AUC of 0.978,85% was achieved for isothermality (bio3) and 74% for temperature (x̄= average) of the wettest quarter (bio8), all of which were inserted into ArcGIS to produce spatial maps. Although we learnt that T. gigas are still spawning in Odisha in 2030 and 2050, their distribution range is predicted to shrink due to the coastal morphology change. The climate conditions in Odisha revolve with the monsoon, summer and winter seasons from which, temperature variations do not only influence the annual absence/presence of spawning adults but also, the survival of juveniles in natal beaches. The use of MaxEnt offers novelty to predict population sustainability of arthropods characterized by oviparous spawning (horseshoe crabs, turtles, terrapins and crocodiles) through which, the government of India can take advantage of the present data to initiate the coastal rehabilitation measures to preserve their spawning grounds.

3

Mass Occurrences of Millipedes in Times of Global Climate Change

Nieradko-Iwanicka Barbara, Jung Monika

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2020

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nr 4(73)

81--88

EN

There had been recorded a rise in global average temperature by 1.5°C since pre-industrial times. It promotes the spread of diseases carried by vectors and mass occurrence of arthropods. Millipede can carry infectious agents, invade homes and farms, cause skin irritation in case of exposure to their excretions.The aim of the study was to find information about mass appearances of millipedes and identify the places and periods where it happens. A systematic review of publications available in online scientific databases and the library of the Medical University of Lublin was performed. As many as 5 reports about mass occurrence of millipede were from Japan, 3 from Brazil, 3 from Australia 2 from Germany and Hungary, and single publications from Romania, Norway, Poland and Madagascar. In Japan the 8-year periodicity of millipede outbreaks was observed. Japan and Australia encounter problems at railway due to these organisms. In other countries they are nuisance to people when they enter their dwellings and pose a burden in farming and gardening therefore mechanical, chemical and biological methods of millipede control are tested. On the other hand millipede help in composting organic waste. In conclusion: global climate change is accompanied by an increase in frequency of mass occurrences of millipedes.

PL

Od czasów przedindustrialnych odnotowano wzrost średniej temperatury na świecie o 1,5°C. Sprzyja to rozprzestrzenianiu się chorób przenoszonych przez wektory oraz masowemu występowaniu stawonogów. Krocionogi mogą przenosić czynniki zakaźne, atakować domy i gospodarstwa, powodować podrażnienia skóry w przypadku kontaktu z ich wydzielinami. Celem badań było znalezienie informacji o masowych pojawach krocionogów oraz identyfikacja miejsc i okresów, w których to się dzieje. Dokonano systematycznego przeglądu publikacji dostępnych w internetowych bazach naukowych i bibliotece Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie. Aż 5 doniesień o masowym występowaniu krocionogi pochodziło z Japonii, 3 z Brazylii, 3 z Australii, 2 z Niemiec i Węgier oraz pojedyncze publikacje z Rumunii, Norwegii, Polski i Madagaskaru. W Japonii zaobserwowano 8-letnią cykliczność masowego występowania krocionogów. Japonia i Australia mają problemy na kolei z powodu tych organizmów. W innych krajach są one uciążliwe dla ludzi, gdy wchodzą do ich mieszkań i stanowią obciążenie w rolnictwie i ogrodnictwie, dlatego testowane są mechaniczne, chemiczne i biologiczne metody zwalczania krocionogów. Z drugiej strony krocionogi pomagają w kompostowaniu odpadów organicznych. Podsumowując: globalnym zmianom klimatu towarzyszy wzrost częstotliwości masowych pojawów krocionogów

4

Evidence that the fossil insect trackway Bifurculapes laqueatus Hitchcock, 1858 was made underwater

Getty Patrick R.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2020

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Vol. 70, no. 1

125--133

EN

Three trackways attributable to the ichnospecies Bifurculapes laqueatus Hitchcock, 1858 found in Lower Jurassic rocks of the Newark Supergroup in northeastern North America are preserved in association with current lineations. Each trackway takes turns so that parts of the trackway parallel the current lineations. This parallelism is interpreted as evidence that the trackmakers were entrained in flowing water and had to change course due to the current. If this interpretation is correct, then morphological differences between B. laqueatus and terrestrial insect trackways could be explained by the trackmaker moving subaqueously. Further, B. laqueatus would constitute only the second insect trackway from this region to be recognized as being made subaqueously. From an ecological standpoint, the aquatic insects that made B. laqueatus were probably near the base of the local food chain, the apex predators of which were piscivorous theropod dinosaurs.

5

Early Carboniferous trilobite remains from limestones of the Dębnik Anticline, southern Poland

Bąk M., Dulemba P., Bąk K.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 1

27--32

EN

The presence of proetid trilobites' remnants is reported for the first time from the Lower Carboniferous limestones of the Dębnik Anticline outcropping in the Raclawka Valley, situated in the eastern part of the Upper Silesian Block (southern part of the Cracow Upland). Disintegrated exoskeletons of trilobites are observed in thin sections of fine-grained, peloidal wackstones and packstones. These rocks contain also foraminifers which indicate an early Tournaisian age for this locality.

6

Local diversity versus geographical distribution of arthropods occuring in a sandstone rock labyrinth

Ruzicka V., Mlejnek R., Smilauer P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 3

533-544

EN

Rocks have been overlooked as subjects for ecological study. However, the system of narrow and deep vertical spaces (gorges, crevices, abysses) in sandstone rocks supports a highly diverse mosaic of habitats. The patterns of air temperatures and the assemblages of arthropods were studied along the environmental gradient in the Poseidon Sandstone Labyrinth within the Adrspassko-Teplicke Skaly National Nature Reserve, NE Bohemia, Czech Republic. The labyrinth, developed in Cretaceous sandsones at an altitude of about 600 m, is approximately 740 m long and 550 m wide. It consists of a broken, interconnected network of deep vertical crevices, crevice caves, and talus caves in extensive block accumulations. The total length of the humanaccessible underground spaces is estimated to be at least 27 km, the vertical range is 105 m. The annual course of air temperature was monitored on the sun-exposed upper rock margin (max. 26.5[degrees]C, min. -7.3[degrees]C, mean 6.1[degrees]C), as well as in the cold and dark crevice cave (max. 9.6[degrees]C, min. -1.9[degrees]C, mean 3.7[degrees]C). Due to the climatic inversion in the deep vertical spaces, mountain bryophytes and vascular plants occur here. A total of 2285 arthropods belonging to eight taxonomic groups were evaluated; spiders and beetles were the most numerous. We registered 304 species, which colonize the totality of habitats in the labyrinth: cold bottom parts, dark caves, shady rock walls, as well as the sun-exposed upper rock margins. The cold parts of the labyrinth harbour populations of sixteen species of mountain arthropods (beetles, spiders and a harvestman) and five species of arthropods with distributions in tundra or boreal forests, and similar disjunctive habitats in the temperate zone in central Europe (spiders and a mite). The first record of the Arctic predatory mite Rhagidia gelida in central Europe was in the Poseidon Labyrinth in 1986; this species proved to be a bio-indicator of the long-lasting periglacial microclimate in central Europe. Prior to discovery of the spider Sisicus apertus in the Poseidon Labyrinth, it had been recorded in central Europe in the Alps and in the High Tatra Mountains at altitudes of 1150 to 2300 m. At the present time, we consider the Poseidon Sandstone Labyrinth to be a paleorefugium of cold-adapted arthropods.

7

The trace fossil Rusophycus versans from the Furongian (Upper Cambrian) of central Poland - an example of behavioural convergence amongst arthropods

Sadlok G., Machalski M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 1

119-123

EN

Traces assigned to Rusophycus versans are recorded for the first time from Furongian (Upper Cambrian) strata, as exposed at Wiśniówka Wielka quarry, Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland. These traces are ascribed to the life activity of trilobites in a fully marine environment. In contrast, previous records of R. versans have been attributed to notostracans, isopods or arthropleurids and are preserved in non-marine settings. The relatively wide phylogenetic distribution of R. versans within various arthropod groups indicates that this ichnotaxon represents behavioural convergence amongst arthropods.