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Experimental and numerical flow analysis through arteries with stent using particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics method

Tomaszewski Michal, Sybilski Kamil, Baranowski Pawel, Malachowski Jerzy

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 40, no. 2

740--751

EN

In the paper, an experimental and numerical flow through various kind of arteries is considered. The flow analyses are carried out on the research set up using Particle Image Velocimetry Method (PIV). The individual components of the research set up are discussed and the measurement methodology is explained. The work consists of two parts. The first one is focused on modelling numerical simulation of the stent installation procedure using an expandable balloon and the flow domain design methodology is described. In the final part, an experimental flow test on an artificial silicone vessel (diameter 3.2 mm) with a stent is performed. The results of the experimental tests are compared with a corresponding numerical simulation. The paper presents numerical simulation for two different flow domains and the results obtained from the experimental tests. In both, the experimental tests and numerical simulation, the pulsatile time dependent flow and pressure characteristic are used. Hemodynamic parameters such as the time average wall shear stress (TAWSS) and velocity vector distribution are analysed. The flow was studied at four Reynolds number values (1223; 2257; 3198; 3762) for the straight vessel and at two values for the vessel containing a stent (1223, 2257). A diameter of the vessel was 3.2 mm. Pulsating blood flow based on the data from the experimental test was analysed. During the numerical simulation it was verified which regions of the vessel had TAWSS values below 0.4 Pa. A satisfactory correlation between outcomes of the numerical simulation and the experimental test was obtained. The flow analysis is conducted in ANSYS Fluent software. Additionally, the methodology for defining the velocity profile at the entrance is presented, in order to form the velocity profile in the first step of analysed cases. The study shows possibility to create a new research set up capable of testing various clinical cases of varying pressure values in the setup, or testing the effects of vessel geometrical changes, which allows observing an influence of those parameters on the fluid flow characteristic. As the analysis for the stent has shown, the regions of low TAWSS values are located in a close proximity to the stent struts.

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Numerical and experimental analysis of balloon angioplasty impact on flow hemodynamics improvement

Tomaszewski Michał, Sybilski Kamil, Małachowski Jerzy, Wolański Wojciech, Buszman Piotr P.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

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Vol. 22, no. 3

169--183

EN

Purpose: The paper focuses on the numerical and experimental evaluation of the fluid flow inside chosen fragments of blood vessels. In the first stage of the study, the experimental tests were conducted using a research test stand, designed to be used in this evaluation. The study evaluated the blood flow through a silicone vessel with an implanted coronary stent. Methods: The PIV method was used in order to visualize the flow vectors inside a silicone vessel. Deformed vessel geometry implemented for computational fluid dynamics purposes was obtained owing to a non-linear simulation of the stent expansion (angioplasty process) in a silicone vessel. Additionally, a vessel model with a statistical 55% area stenosis and an irregular real vessel with an atherosclerotic plaque were also subjected to analysis from the hemodynamic flow point of view. A vessel with a statistical stenosis was also used to simulate the angioplasty process, which resulted in obtaining a flow domain for the vessel with an atherosclerotic plaque after the stent implantation. Results: For each case, distributions of parameters such as OSI or TAWSS were also analyzed and discussed. The areas of low TAWSS values appear close to the stent struts. Conclusions: Stents with increased diameters, compared to the normal vessel diameter, create a higher risk of occurrence of the areas with low WSS values. Excessive stent deformation can cause inflammation by injuring the vessel and can initiate the restenosis and thrombotic phenomena through the increased vessel diameter.

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Symulacja przepływu krwi w tętnicach przy różnych prędkościach przepływu

Sobkowiak M., Wolański W., Kawlewska E., Gzik M., Joszko K., Zimny M., Kaspera W.

Modelowanie Inżynierskie

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2018

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T. 35, nr 66

53--61

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki symulacji przepływu krwi w modelach 3D tętnicy środkowej mózgu przy różnych prędkościach przepływu. Do przeprowadzenia analizy właściwości przepływu krwi w tętnicach wykorzystano obliczeniową metodę mechaniki płynów CFD z zastosowaniem programu Ansys CFX. W symulacjach stosowano warunki brzegowe (prędkości przepływu) odpowiadające fizjologicznym warunkom przepływu danego pacjenta, które zmierzono metodą przezczaszkowej ultrasonografii dopplerowskiej z kolorowym kodowaniem przepływu krwi (TCCS). Uzyskane wyniki uwidoczniły zależność zmian lokalnych parametrów hemodynamicznych przepływu i wazomotoryki naczynia od zmian prędkości przepływu krwi, ale także od wahań częstości akcji serca oraz geometrii naczynia. Na podstawie otrzymanych rezultatów obliczeń numerycznych można odnotować generalną tendencję wzrostu wartości naprężenia ścinającego ścian naczynia wraz ze wzrostem prędkości przepływu.

EN

The paper presents results of simulations of blood flow in 3D models of middle cerebral artery for different flow rates. To analyze the arterial blood flow properties an analytical calculation of CFD fluid mechanics using the Ansys CFX software was used. In the simulations, boundary conditions (flow velocities) corresponding to the physiological flow conditions of the patient were applied which were measured by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS). The results revealed the dependence of changes in local haemodynamic parameters of blood flow and vessel vasculature on changes in blood flow velocity but also on fluctuations in heart rate and vascular geometry. On the basis of the results obtained for numerical calculations, the general tendency of the wall shear stress to grow with increasing low velocity can be noted.

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Scattering of ultrasonic wave on a model of the artery

Wójcik J., Powałowski T., Tymkiewicz R., Lamers A., Trawiński Z.

Archives of Acoustics

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2006

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Vol. 31, No. 4

471-479

EN

The study was aimed at elaboration of a mathematical model to describe the process of acoustic wave propagation in an inhomogeneous and absorbing medium, whereas the wave is generated by an ultrasonic probe. The modelling process covered the phenomenon of ultrasonic wave backscattering on an elastic pipe with dimensions similar to the artery section. Later on, the numerical codes were determined in order to calculate the fields of ultrasonic waves, as well as backscattered fields for various boundary conditions. Numerical calculations make it possible to define the waveforms for electric signals that are produced when ultrasonic waves, being reflected and backscattered by an artery model, are then received by the ultrasonic probe. It is the signal which pretty well corresponds with the actual RF signal that is obtained during measurements at the output of an ultrasonic apparatus.