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Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Bhojpur District of Bihar, India: A Threat to Sustainability

Ranjan Avinash, Kumari Pammy

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2022

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Vol. 17, nr 2

218--229

EN

Arsenic contamination of water is now a global problem. More than 100 countries, including India, are facing a high level of arsenic in the groundwater. There is a wide range of negative impacts of arsenic contamination on society and the economy, threatening sustainability in the contaminated areas. To examine the magnitude and effects of arsenic in the Shahpur block of the Bhojpur district, Bihar, India, we tested groundwater samples from many different locations. The household survey and personal interviews were conducted to find out the societal response to this problem. Sample testing results confirm that there is a high rate of arsenic contamination in the area. Our study found that; low education level of the area is hampering the sustainable solution of the problem. We came to know that people who are suffering from arsenic diseases are discriminated against the society. Further, we have also found that the economic burdens of arsenic contamination are more on the marginalized section of the community. Since crops are irrigated with high arsenic concentrated water, soil quality is degrading, responsible for poor agriculture output and economic loss. It has also been found that most of the mitigation measures employed are not sustainable in the long term. Awareness regarding arsenic toxicity is needed for the sustainable intervention of this problem. After examining all the mitigation measures, we concluded that rainwater harvesting and rooftop rain harvesting is the most sustainable and cost-effective measure to tackle this menace.

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Chemical ripening and contaminations detection using neural networks-based image features and spectrometric signatures

Roopalakshmi R.

Machine Graphics and Vision

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2021

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Vol. 30, No. 1/4

23--43

EN

In this pandemic-prone era, health is of utmost concern for everyone and hence eating good quality fruits is very much essential for sound health. Unfortunately, nowadays it is quite very difficult to obtain naturally ripened fruits, due to existence of chemically ripened fruits being ripened using hazardous chemicals such as calcium carbide. However, most of the state-of-the art techniques are primarily focusing on identification of chemically ripened fruits with the help of computer vision-based approaches, which are less effective towards quantification of chemical contaminations present in the sample fruits. To solve these issues, a new framework for chemical ripening and contamination detection is presented, which employs both visual and IR spectrometric signatures in two different stages. The experiments conducted on both the GUI tool as well as hardware-based setups, clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed framework in terms of detection confidence levels followed by the percentage of presence of chemicals in the sample fruit

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Soil Pollution with Arsenic Versus the Concentration of Magnesium in Plants

Ciećko Z., Najmowicz T., Wyszkowski M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2011

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Vol. 18, nr 11

1485-1496

EN

A study has been carried out in order to determine the effect of soil pollution with arsenic on the concentration of magnesium in plants. Soils under yellow lupine were contaminated with arsenic at the rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg As kg–1 and those sown with maize, cocksfoot, spring barley and swedes received 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg As kg–1. The following substances were used to neutralize the effect of arsenic on plants: compost, lime, charcoal, loam and natural zeolite in the trials with maize and, additionally, synthetic zeolite in the experiments on cocksfoot and yellow lupine or peat, loam, pinewood bark, dolomite and synthetic zeolite in the trials with spring barley and swedes. The influence of increasing soil pollution with arsenic on the concentration of magnesium in particular organs of the test plants was varied. In general, the content of magnesium in plant parts tended to be positively correlated with the degree of soil contamination with arsenic. It also depended on the plant’s species and organ as well as the type of a neutralizing agent applied. Positive correlation was discovered for the roots and aboveground parts of maize, cocksfoot and yellow lupine as well as grain, straw and roots of spring barley. Changes in the magnesium levels caused by arsenic pollution were larger in the roots than in the aboveground parts of plants, especially in the case of spring barley. A decrease in the magnesium concentration in plant tissues caused by soil contamination with arsenic was noticed only in the roots and aboveground parts of swedes. The neutralizing substances produced the strongest positive effect on the content of magnesium in the aboveground parts of maize and roots of cocksfoot. With regard to the remaining plant species, this effect was much weaker.

PL

Przeprowadzone badania wykonano w celu określenia wpływu zanieczyszczenia gleby arsenem na zawartość magnezu w roślinach. Zanieczyszczenie gleby arsenem w dawkach 10, 20, 30 i 40 mg As kg-1 gleby testowano na łubinie żółtym, a w ilości: 25, 50, 75 i 100 mg As kg-1 gleby na kukurydzy, kupkówce pospolitej, jęczmieniu jarym oraz brukwi pastewnej. Do neutralizacji oddziaływania kadmu na rośliny do gleby dodano: kompost, wapno, węgiel drzewny, ił i zeolit naturalny - w doświadczeniach z kukurydzą, te same materiały i zeolit syntetyczny - w badaniach z kupkówką i łubinem żółtym oraz torf, ił, korę sosnową, dolomit i zeolit syntetyczny w doświadczeniu z jęczmieniem i brukwią. Oddziaływanie wzrastającego zanieczyszczenia gleby arsenem na zawartość magnezu w poszczególnych organach testowanych roślin było zróżnicowane. Zawartość magnezu w roślinach była przeważnie dodatnio skorelowana z poziomem zanieczyszczenia gleby arsenem. Jego zawartość w roślinach zależała ponadto od gatunku rośliny, rozpatrywanego organu, jak również od rodzaju zastosowanej substancji do neutralizacji arsenu. Dodatnią korelację wykazano w odniesieniu do korzeni i części nadziemnych kukurydzy, kupkówki i łubinu żółtego oraz ziarna, słomy i korzeni jęczmienia jarego. Większe zmiany stwierdzono w korzeniach niż częściach nadziemnych roślin, zwłaszcza w przypadku jęczmienia jarego. Jedynie części nadziemne i korzenie brukwi zareagowały spadkiem zawartości magnezu na zanieczyszczenie podłoża arsenem. Zastosowane dodatki neutralizujące najsilniej dodatnio działały na zawartość magnezu w częściach nadziemnych kukurydzy i korzeniach kupkówki. W przypadku pozostałych gatunków roślin ten wpływ był znacznie mniejszy.