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The influence of fuel aromatics on diesel exhaust emission

Glugorijevic R., Jevtic J., Borak D.

Journal of KONES

2007

Vol. 14, No. 2

161-170

Current and future air quality is a worldwide concern, which has resulted in both a continuous tightening of emissions legislation for vehicles and a parallel tightening of fuel specifications. The automotive and oil industry across the globe especially in EU, USA and Japan have in each case made considerable efforts to understand the relationship between vehicle emissions, urban air quality, engine technologies and fuels, and to meet the more and more stringent legislation. The supply of automotive fuels today is based almost entirely on petroleum.The quality requirements of diesel fuels become more and more stricter and it will continue in the next decades, because the clean engines need clean fuels. Therefore, fuels of low emission become significant factor in reducing toxic emission which pollutes the environment. With the introduce of low sulfur diesel fuel, the effect of sulfur become less significant. Other fuel properties such as aromatics content i.e. composition thus becomes more important. From this aspect it is investigated the affect of simultaneous addition of mono+-, di+ - and tri+-aromatics into low-sulfur diesel fuel. Obtained results show that aromatics composition has the effect on diesel exhaust emission.

Nitration of Toluene and Chlorobenzene with HNO3/Ac2O Catalyzed by Caprolactam-based Bronsted Acidic Ionic Liquids

Ql X., Cheng G., Lu Ch., Qian D.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2007

Vol. 4, nr 3

105-113

Several new caprolactam-based Bronsted acidic ionic liquids [Caprolactam]X (X- = pTSO-, BSO-, BF4-, NO3-) with relatively lower cost and lower toxicity were synthesized and for the first time used in catalyzing organic reaction. They showed good catalytic activity in the nitration of toluene and chlorobenzene with HNO3/Ac2O under mild conditions. Among them, [Caprolactam]pTSO was the best one probably because of its better affinity to aromatics than the others. [Caprolactam]pTSO catalyzed the nitration of toluene with achieving a high yield (99.7%, calculated by quantitative GC) and better para-selectivity (ortho/para=1.03) than the traditional mixed acid methodology. And the catalyst can be recycled for four times.

p-Ksylen w PKN ORLEN S.A.

Gardziński W., Puchowicz A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

2006

T. 85, nr 10

1425-1430

Przedstawiono dane dotyczące rynków p-ksylenu, technologie produkcji aromatów i projekt budowy światowej klasy Kompleksu Paraksylenu w Płocku.

A review with 24 refs. covering p-xylene markets, aromatics manufg. processes, and a (400:80:40 Gg/year) p-xylene–benzene–o-xylene plant to be put on stream in 2009.