Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

2 2001

Znaleziono wyników: 2

Liczba wyników na stronie

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych: architektura sudecka

Sortuj według:

Ogranicz wyniki do:

Tożsamość architektoniczna wiejskiej zabudowy mieszkaniowej w regionie sudeckim

Trocka-Leszczyńska E.

Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

2001

T. 46, z. 3

299-308

Bonds with the place of residence, identity with local culture and manners of erecting buildings, rendered indelible by local traditionalism, are regarded as one the most important factors. Once they become disturbed, e.g. by an exchange of the population of a certain region, then that what was familiar and recognised as one's own and native, changes into unknown, alien and even outright despised by the new users. Such a total severance of cultural continuity as regards customs and civil engineering emerged in the Western Territories, where after the second world war settlers from assorted parts of Poland replaced the deported population. One is tempted to ask whether it is possible to continue the tradition of local architecture, unknown to arrivals in newly settled regions, or whether solutions befitting the material culture of the settlers should come into being? What is the part played by time and the exchange of generations? The search for answers to those enquiries demands a closer look at the continuation of regional architecture in areas with more stable determinants of the development of material culture as well as those which witnessed its disruption. We cannot ignore the exemplary phenomenon of architecture in the region of Podhale, and may ponder whether a continuation of the motifs of regional architecture is possible without the population which had created that architecture. In the case of the Podhale region, traditional motifs were adopted by the intelligentsia, pointing out to their authors values embedded in local constructions as well as the necessity and trends of its further progress. Is it possible to rely on the inspiring role of architects and local civil engineering services in the continuation of the regional architecture of the Sudety Mts.? Will the population living here since 1945 adopt and start perpetuating the local traditions? Yet another issue is worthy of reflection: in what way has the reception of the values of the material culture of the Sudety region changed among the second generation living here? In accordance with research into ethnographic regionalisation, the whole of Silesia, including Lower Silesia, remained a transitory area which witnessed a confrontation of the influence of the material culture of the West - spandrel beam constructions, saddle roofs, single-storey rural buildings - and the impact of the material culture of the East associated with gable constructions, hip roofs and elongated ground-floor cottages. In the Sudety Mts. divergent impacts combine the features of German, Czech and Lusatian architecture as well as its counterparts from Greater Poland, Little Poland or the Opole region, blended into a specific type of rural houses, usually described as regional architecture (fig. 1, 2). Considerable parts of the southern counties of the region were not destroyed during the second world war, and the population arriving here from the eastern parts of Poland encountered buildings adapted to a different system of agriculture, with unfamiliar planning, construction and architecture. The absence of ties with local culture, and thus with the manner of building and living in those objects, became the reason for a total misunderstanding of the solutions found in the Sudety Mts. (...)

Cechy regionalne architektury schronisk górskich w Sudetach

Suchodolski J.

Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

2001

T. 46, z. 3

309-316

For centuries, the Sudety Mts., which comprise a natural fragment of the south-western Polish frontier, have been subjected to various forms of penetration. This process was associated with, i. a. the activity of prospectors, known as Walloons, searching for precious stones and metals, and later with the establishment of health resorts, whose springs attracted visitors from the most distant parts of Europe. One of the oldest local chronicles mentions the existence of a twelfth-century mining settlement in the Karkonosze range, on the site of the present-day locality of Kowary, and the foundation by the Joannites of Cieplice Śląskie (1288) where the first bathing facilities were set up. In the following centuries, the latter locality, situated at the foot of the Karkonosze Mts. and offering a magnificent view of the range, became Śnieżka - the highest peak of the Sudety Mts. Hiking, especially in the higher parts of the mountains, distant from settlements, created the need for even the simplest shelter which would offer refuge and conditions for spending nights on the trail. The oldest extant lithographs from the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century depict extremely humble buildings, which provided truly spartan amenities to the tourists of the period. The development of mass-scale tourism in the Sudety Mts., the establishment of mountaineering societies, and the construction of cable car railways and roads during the second half of the nineteenth century, and especially at the turn of that century, contributed to the emergence of numerous hostels endowed with unique and fascinating architecture and frequently offering a high standard of facilities. Tourist investments in the Sudety Mts., continued to the outbreak of the second world war, testify to the profitability of this branch of the German economy. The 1938/1939 season was one of the most successful during the inter-war period As evidenced by the number of tourists. The form and construction of the few new hostels built in the Sudety Mts. after 1945 did not refer to the rich heritage of the region. The best known is the hostel erected in 1976 on the peak of Mt. Śnieżka, designed by the architects Witold Lipiński and Waldemar Wawrzyniak in the shape of three reinforced concrete discs. The form and construction solutions of this object constitute an alien element in the local landscape, albeit its shape augments the resilience of the building, especially against the suction and pressure of the frequently blowing winds. The forms of buildings borrowed from other regions of Poland (e. g. Podhale) and transferred to the Sudety Mts., are also alien. One of the main reasons why the continuation of regional tradition in mountain hostel architecture has remained unresolved is the scarcity of postwar investments. The second reason lies in the lack of support for regionalism on the part of of territorial self-governments, which could have led to greater precision in defining the formal requirements (record in the local plan and at the level of regional planning) to be met by all objects erected in the Sudety Mts., including hostels.