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1

Charakter i kompozycja

Kubec Jan

Builder

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2022

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R.26, nr 6

61--63

PL

Tytuł niniejszego artykułu odnosi się wprost do eseju Colina Rowe’a z 1974 roku: Character and Composition; or some Vicissitudes of Architectural Vocabulary in the Nineteenth Century, który został opublikowany wraz z innymi tekstami tego autora w książce: The Mathematics of the ideal Villa and Other Essays, w którym Rowe dokonał wnikliwej analizy rozwoju poglądów na pryncypia w architekturze XIX wieku, z odniesieniami do architektury modernizmu. Po blisko półwieczu w niniejszym tekście ponownie podjęto próbę odniesienia się do terminów: charakter i kompozycja oraz ich roli we współczesnej teorii architektury z pozycji zarówno nauczyciela akademickiego, jak i twórcy.

EN

The title of this article refers directly to Colin Rowe's 1974 essay: Character and Composition; or some Vicissitudes of Architectural Vocabulary in the Nineteenth Century, which was published along with other texts by this author in the book: The Mathematics of the ideal Villa and Other Essays, in which Rowe made an in-depth analysis of the development of views on principles in 19th century architecture, with references to the architecture of modernism. After nearly half a century, the author in this text again refers to the concepts of character and composition and their role in the contemporary theory of architecture from the position of an academic teacher and creator.

2

Murals and their evolution and typology in the space of the urban environment on the example of Kyiv

Abyzov Vadym, Chuieva Oksana

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2021

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nr 35

57--65

EN

Over the past few years, murals have actively and firmly entered into the fabric of the architectural environment as one of the most powerful artistic means of urban art. According to the latest statistics, Ukraine, and Kyiv in particular, tops the list of leaders of the countries with the largest number of murals. Based on the historical context, the murals performed a social and propaganda mission. Already in the XXI century, Ukraine has experienced two revolutions. And they became a powerful impetus for the active manifestation of „street art” on free surfaces. But in contrast to the monumental and decorative compositions of totalitarian art, which still adorn the cities of Ukraine, the artistic and graphic language has changed. Young designers in modern graphic trends, form an updated visual representation of established stylistic solutions. The purpose of the article is an attempt to determine the historical conditions of the murals’ development, the features and principles of their solutions in the city space, as well as modern and promising means of implementation. The article discusses the factors and conditions of the evolution of modern murals, their typology and thematic focus, techniques and means of spatial composition and artistic solutions.

3

Features of housing sanation in the historical architectural environment

Danko Kateryna, Kashchenko Tetyana

Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych

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2018

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Vol. 14, nr 1

63--70

EN

In Ukraine, one of the main problems in the field of architecture and construction is an outdated housing stock with low energy efficiency indicators. The total housing stock of Ukraine is 1031.7 million m2, of which more than 4.8 million m2 is an outdated and emergency stock, 11% of residential buildings need repairing, and 9% – reconstruction. Its significant part (72 million m2 or 23%) is morally outdated buildings of the first mass series of 1950−1960, which have a number of structural deficiencies and do not fit to current norms [11]. Most of the existing housing are in the historical environment, therefore, in addition to traditional approaches to the formation of energy-efficient housing, there are special approaches associated with a number of restrictions on the compositional, stylistic, and coloristic integrity to the architectural environment whith increasing energy efficiency of housing. This problem needs to be solved in a complex way, using thermo-modernization, thermo-reconstruction, sanation. An analysis of these approaches has shown that sanationis the most effective, as measures for the rehabilitation of multi-apartment buildings allow to increase energy efficiency of housing and preserve historical architectural heritage within the existing housing stock.

4

Barrier-free environment formation in the current urban landscape

Shostak H. S.

Przestrzeń i Forma

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2018

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nr 33

195--204

EN

An analysis of practical and scientific experiences in foreign countries on the barrier-free urban environment formation was made. It was identified that creating a barrier-free social spaces is possible only in context of a constant dialogue between the city administration, architects and disabled persons. The model of the route for people with limited mobility and the method of its` formation were developed on the basis of practical and scientific experience. Formation of this route is an important step towards humanization of the environment in relation to people with limited mobility.

5

The main directions of furniture design development

Abyzov V., Strelets V.

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2017

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nr 18

161--166

EN

In the article perspective directions of development of furniture design are reviewed and revealed based on analysis of current conditions and trends of its evolution, including the following basics: providing consumers with a wide choice of different furniture considering the vital needs and incomes of different groups of the population; a further research of new ergonomic solutions in furniture design; development and implementation of new environmentally friendly and durable materials in furniture, that ensure the health of a person; search for new and improving modern structures and materials, the use of universal and transforming furniture; introduction of innovative methods, including information technology and software management of furniture; a comprehensive consideration of the different aestethic tastes of consumers taking into account the different socio-cultural traditions. This structuring of the prospects of the development of furniture opens up the possibility of a comprehensive approach for the predicted directions of creating high-quality furniture in the near future, and will contribute to the most reliable sources defining the requirements and conditions of their realization in modern architectural environment.

6

Fulfilment of Individual Needs in Architecture

Kovtun I., Kulczycka I.

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2014

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nr 13

103--106

EN

Needs are the cause of human activity. They determine the functions and features that the architectural form is created for. Environmental needs accompany any human activity and give the architecture the characteristics in order to meet one’s needs at three levels: 1. Biological needs to protect a person during activities that make them more vulnerable – sleeping, eating, raising children, preserving food. 2. The social level uses territorial behaviours that express a person’s affiliation to a certain group or place, that juxtapose them with other groups. Location, composition, visual accessibility or security in architecture and the object-spatial composition are dictated by the importance of an individual or the society. 3. The need of self-realisation is satisfied by the opportunity to regulate the opening and closure of the personal space. The relation between the surroundings of a person and their environmental needs, and in consequence the occurrence of emotional reactions, make the architectural environment a rich palette of impressions.

7

Interaction of the City Integrant (on the Example of Northern Kazakhstan Cities)

Khorovetska Y. M.

Challenges of Modern Technology

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2011

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Vol. 2, no. 2

76--78

EN

On the example of Northern Kazakhstan cities the most essential changes in dynamics of their development are considered and the generalizing theoretical model of interaction of cities integrant is developed which has universal character and reflects the most essential valid principles.

8

Poznańska szkoła architektury. Wstęp do historii

Kodym-Kozaczko G.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura i Urbanistyka

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2009

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Z. 19

45-51

PL

W artykule omówiono specyfikę poznańskiego środowiska architektonicznego na przełomie lat czterdziestych i pięćdziesiątych XX wieku, kiedy przejściowo w Szkole Inżynierskiej działał Wydział Architektury. Postawiono tezę, że „zmodernizowani tradycjonaliści" tworzący kadrę Wydziału stosowali swoiste metody nauczania, będące w opozycji do ideologii panującego wówczas socrealizmu. Ich celem było najdoskonalsze wpisanie projektu w środowisko kulturowe. Odrębność poznańskiej szkoły architektury została zauważona nawet przez redakcję fachowego miesięcznika „Architektura".

EN

Article discusses specificity of Poznań architectonic environment on turning-point of forties and fifties of 20th century, when faculty of architecture was transitionally acted in Engineering School. It puts thesis, that "modernized traditionalistic" didactic staff of faculty used its own method of education, independent on esthetic doctrine authoritative imposed socrealism. There was purpose the best connection of project to cultural environment. Separateness of Poznań School of Architecture has been noticed even by editorial of professional monthly "Architecture".

9

Architektura w negatywie

Gajewski P.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

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2003

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R. 100, z. 8-A

43--46

EN

Architecture is usually perceived as a positive form in space. However sometimes architecture is hidden underground. In this case we can consider entering home and sinking in a shelter. Sometimes inside buildings we touch architecture of interior, but in many cases we explore voids in clear relationship with the space outside: this is the architecture in negative.

10

Morphology of the architectural achievement. A methodological analysis of selected morphological systems of the natural and architectural environments

Prokopska A.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

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2002

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Vol. 7, No. 1-2

3-113

EN

The presented work concerns the principles of knowledge acquiring in a methodological and systems way, as well as the processes of a morphological analysis of the architectural environment. It is dedicated to the methodology of analysis and synthesis in designing spatial architectural systems and assemblies. The object of the analysis and synthesis being carried on is the nature of the complex architectural environments and the level of the modern knowledge on architecture designing. In the considerations concerning the morphology of an architectural environment a trial was taken up to answer the following question: Can systems knowledge deriving from the theory of living systems, praxiology as practical philosophy, informatics and computer science, cybernetics and design methodology help in attaining a harmony and compatibility, as concordance of the natural environment with an artificial environment constituted by the architecture being designed? As a result of such an approach, in the work investigations of architectural objects and of their design processes are presented with the use of a vocabulary applied in the domains of architecture, systems theory, design methodology, praxiology and psychology. Perhaps systems knowledge concerning the nature of the reality is needed, as it is useful for human beings so that their efforts do not so often appear to be vain, because such a knowledge leads to more precisely understanding and managing the environment that is given to us, in all its aspects, among them in the architectural aspect being analyzed. The observations of the morphological features of architectural objects composing architectural environments result in referring the investigations being carried on to the Mendeleev's table (classification) of the elements that is an example, supported by documentary evidence, of regularities appearing in the nature, as principles composing the method being currently defined as the morphological analysis method. The periodic classification of the elements is a morphological interval, or one of many forms of morphological analysis, well known and used in technology, and partly intuitively used in architectural creativity. In this work a description of the structure of the multi-variant process of architectural design and of its elements has been presented, as a praxiological reconstruction of natural processes of architectural design covering the phases from inspiration to realization. These processes, being performed according to the architectural knowledge, are partly also realized according to the designer's intuition acquired during his/her design activity, e.g. the design of a great number of houses. The analysis has been undertaken in order to consider the possibility of a broader, more conscious use of the morphological method or of its parts in architectural design activities. The performed methodological analysis has been limited to selected, already historical architectural and painting achievements of Le Corbusier, and to his hand drawings of various types, as well to contemporary architectural works of P.O. Gehry that show morphological features. The practical purpose of the present scientific work is to confirm an order being read off in the realized achievements and in the design processes of selected architectural objects with morphological features. The general objective of this work is a contribution to improve designing and building social environments of the human being. A social environment can be designed in a greater accordance with the nature and can create a friendly habitat of the man thanks to the development of an evolutionary conception of the method of transformation of designing processes. The ampleness of forms being created according to the morphological method can permit architects to develop their creative activities in the future not for the technology-dependent mass customer, which has no cultural identity, but in conformity with their proper creative individuality and humanistic vision of a well-equilibrated development of the world. The existence of these possibilities has found a confirmation in analyses carried out in the presented work. The application, in architecture design, of the existing systems knowledge and praxiological knowledge, and of the design methodology, does result in enlarging and liberating the creative possibilities of the architect-designer in design processes, also computer-assisted processes. This knowledge can be enriched, among others, by the method of morphological analysis as a design method being validated in practice. The need of a harmonious coexistence in the system of the nature, a part of which we are together with our mind and creative possibilities, is reflected in the carried on in this work considerations on the morphology of the architectural environment.

11

Katalog architektów i architektury rzeszowskiej w latach 1867-1939. Cz.2. Projekty architektoniczne w okresie międzywojennym

Spiecha B.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska

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1999

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z. 30 [172]

27-59

PL

Artykuł jest próbą zaprezentowania środowiska architektów działających na terenie Rzeszowa przez ukazanie ich dorobku projektowego. Granice opracowania są wyznaczone działalnością architektów żyjących na przełomie XIX i XX w. i obejmują okres od lat siedemdziesiątych XIX w. do wybuchu II wojny światowej. Część II obejmuje lata dwudziestolecia międzywojennego. Projekty uszeregowane są chronologicznie i przyporządkowane poszczególnym architektom oraz budowniczym. Alfabetyczny katalog twórców i ich dzieł jest poprzedzony wstępem. Artykuł zawiera również ilustracje, będące kopiami oryginalnych projektów prezentowanego okresu.

EN

The article is an attempt to present, by showing its designing output, the circle of the architects active in Rzeszów at the turn of XIX and XX- centuries, from 1867 to the beginning of the II World War. The second part includes the period from 1918 to 1939. The designs are arranged chronologically with the reference to their architects and builders. The index of architects and their works is preceded by descriptive introduction. Copies of the original designs from the presented period are included.