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Factors of Environmental Safety Reduction on Styr River in the City of Lutsk (Ukraine)

Kopylov Viktor, Popovych Vasyl, Shukel Igor, Fitak Mykhailo, Koliadzhyn Igor

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

233--246

EN

Water ecosystems comprise above two thirds of our planet and play an important role in stabilization of global climate, and also provide a wide range of services to the rapidly increasing society. A number of scientific works are devoted to the study of environmental safety. Water is a basis of life on our planet, and the issue of rivers protection should be of top priority. Unfortunately, a considerable number of surface water reservoirs undergo anthropological influence. The analysis of the research allows us to note that surface water reservoirs, lakes, rivers and their floodplain suffer from human-made pollution. At the time of total use of plastics in all spheres of life, its presence in rivers is detected at the micro-level. The aim of our study is the analysis of landscape-forming factors of ecological safety of the river Styr within the city of Lutsk (Ukraine). The volume of discharge of untreated return water into the river Styr within the city of Lutsk during the last years tends to decrease: in 2018 – 427 000 m3; 2019 – 424.9 000 m3; 2020 – 423 000 m3. It is established that the quality of water of the river Styr in the range line above the city are affected by the pollution from the river Ikva housing-communal enterprise "Mlynivske" and state communal enterprise "Dubnivske", and also waste waters transferred from Lviv region – communal enterprise "Radekhiv water sewage enterprise" (through the river Ostrivka) and communal enterprise "Brodyvodokanal" (through the river Bovdurka). The quality of water in the range line below the city undergoes the influence of the waste waters from communal enterprise "Lutskvodokanal". In order to assess transformation of ecological conditions within urban floodplain, it is proposed to run biomonitoring on the basis of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of a leaf of a plant, which is informative in case of description of the peculiarities of formation of vegetation.

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The contemporary distribution of the aquatic Tertiary relict plant species of the Bern Convention in eastern Polesye

Lukash Oleksandr, Miroshnyk Iryna, Strilets Svitlana, Rak Oleksandr, Sazonova Olena

Studia Quaternaria

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2021

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Vol. 38, Nr 2

127--132

EN

In spite of modern trends in the development of the eastern Polesye flora, the relict have been preserved in the aquatic ecotopes of Europe, including eastern Polesye. The paper highlights the peculiarities of the distribution in the region of three aquatic Tertiary relics preserved by the Bern Convention. According to the results of a field research, the degree of a modern rarity of the aquatic relict species in eastern Polesye was established, in particular, a very rare species (Aldrovanda vesiculosa), a moderately rare species (Trapa natans) and a relatively rare species (Salvinia natans). The current distribution of these relict species in the region has been positively affected by the increase in the values of maximum temperatures and isotherms of the summer months. A negative impact is made by the abrupt changes in the hydrological regime and the growth of anthropogenic eutrophication of reservoirs. Aldrovanda vesiculosa eliminates with minor changes in living conditions; Salvinia natans is the most tolerant to anthropogenic factors, but shows annual fluctuations in numbers; Trapa natans is stable distributed and has a tendency to expanding of its populations. The relics are the dominants of the Salvinio–Spirodeletum (polyrrhizae), Lemno–Utricularietum vulgaris, Spirodelo–Aldrovandetum vesiculosae, Trapetum natantis and Trapо–Nymphoidetum (peltatae) communities.

3

Use of Aquatic Vegetation for the Treatment of Mine Acid Waters in the Mine Brad

Dunca Emilia-Cornelia, Ciolea Daniela-Ionela, Georgescu Mircea, Matei Adrian, Matei Raluca, Mangu Sorin

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2019

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R. 21, nr 1/2

107--111

EN

Polluted mine waters contain chemical substances, heavy metal ions, solid suspensions, a very low pH, and are discharged into the hydrographic network, often above cross-border levels. Regardless of the aggregation state, the residues of the mining industry affect all components of the environment: soil, water and air. The emphasis in the past on achieving high production levels and neglecting environmental impacts has in the meantime led to the accumulation of serious environmental damage. As a result of the cross-border effect of pollution, environmental problems have overtaken local character, being pursued by local, regional and global stakeholders. The paper aims to find solutions to the use of aquatic vegetation for the treatment of mine acid waters.

PL

Zanieczyszczone wody kopalniane zawierają substancje chemiczne, jony metali ciężkich, zawiesiny stałe, bardzo niskie pH i są odprowadzane do sieci hydrograficznej, często powyżej poziomów transgranicznych. Niezależnie od stanu skupienia pozostałości przemysłu wydobywczego wpływają na wszystkie elementy środowiska: glebę, wodę i powietrze. Nacisk na osiągnięcie wysokich poziomów produkcji i zaniedbanie wpływu na środowisko doprowadził do poważnych szkód w środowisku. W wyniku oddziaływania transgranicznego problemy zanieczyszczenia środowiska przyjęły charakter lokalny, problem zanieczyszczenia jest rozwiązywane przez lokalne, regionalne i globalne zainteresowane strony. Artykuł pokazuje możliwości znalezienia rozwiązań w zakresie wykorzystania roślinności wodnej do oczyszczania kwaśnych wód kopalnianych.

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Significance of current velocity gradients for distribution patterns of charophytes versus mosses and vascular plant communities in a lowland stream

Jakubas E., Gąbka M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2015

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Vol. 44, No. 2

139--150

EN

The study focused on the relationships between charophytes and the surrounding species composition and environmental factors in a lowland stream (Flinta stream, Western Poland). A total of 32 vegetation plots (4 m × 4 m) and 13 environmental variables were tested. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used to describe the relationships between the species composition and the selected variables. Dominance curves of aquatic plants, response curves (GAMs model) of charophytes and other macrophytes to the velocity gradient (the most important environmental factor, the Monte Carlo test) were prepared. In this study, 2 species of charophytes were recorded: Chara vulgaris and Chara globularis and 5 other co-occurring macroscopic algae, 2 mosses and 10 vascular plants. In the studied stream, charophytes occupied the separate niche. Chara vulgaris stands with moss vegetation were found in stream sections with the highest velocity of the water current (0.29 m s-1 mean), and the Chara globularis (with dominant Potamogeton species), preferred sections with the smallest water current velocity (0.19 m s-1 mean). Charophytes seem to respond to ecological gradients differently from mosses and vascular plants. These differences are related to current velocity, pH, conductivity and organic matter in bottom sediments, and to the niche differentiation associated with them.

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The influence of co-occurring vegetation and habitat variables on distribution of rare charophyte species lychnothamnus barbatus (Meyen) in lakes of Western Poland

Gąbka M., Burchardt L., Owsianny P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 1

13-25

EN

At present Lychnothamnus barbatus (Meyen) Leonhardi belongs to the rarest species of charophytes in the world. In Europe it is classified as threatened with extinction. The problem of extinction of this species is intriguing, in particular in the context of its widespread occurrence in Europe and Asia till the last decade of the 20th century. Records of L. barbatus from Wielkopolska region (Western Poland) are know from 15 lakes. The most of them was stated in 19th and on beginning of 20th centuries. Now, this species is growing in 6 lakes, from among 2 sites are new. This study was undertaken to a) determine the abundance of L. barbatus and the co-occurring plant species at different sites in lakes, b) determine the most important ecological parameters controlling the structure communities with L. barbatus co-occurring and quantitative responses of this species. In 7 lakes (area 5.5-197 ha, depth max. 7.8-38 m, trophic state: meso-eutrophic) in western Poland the species composition and coverage of vegetation were studied at the 23 plots with L. barbatus occurrence in relation to the measured variables. Seventeen environmental parameters were measured including: depth of water, pH, conductivity, SO[4^2-], NH[4^+], NO[^3-], PO[4^3-], Na[^+], K[^+], Ca[^2+], Mg[^2+], chlorophyll a, Secchi disc visibility, colour, O[2] dissolved, saturation, total Fe during the period July-September. The DCA and CCA analyses were used to assess the relation between vegetation parameters and environmental variables. L. barbatus preferred the water rich in Ca[^+], Mg[^2+] and SO[4^2-] and with high concentrations of nutrients, especially NH[4^+] and PO[4^3-], and moderate values of electrolytic conductivity. In the studied lakes, L. barbatus occupied the separate niche. This species formed the communities in very shallow marginal zones of lakes (0.4-1.5 m) with other macrophytes like: Chara vulgaris, C. tomentosa, Potamogeton nitens, and monospecific stands on margins of steep lake slopes (4-6 m) with Chara globularis fo. hedwigii and Nitella mucronata. The process of extinction of this species seems to be related with increasing turbidity related in turn to algal blooming in lakes and with the spatial competition of vascular macrophytes, especially Ceratophyllum demersum.

6

Measures of central tendency of aquatic habitat parameters : application to river macrophyte communities

Szoszkiewicz K., Kayzer D., Staniszewski R., Dawson H.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 4

693-706

EN

The aim of this paper is to assess usefulness of different measures when determining central tendencies which characterise the environmental requirements of living organisms. Mathematical analyses were made of the environmental parameters of river macrophyte communities which were taken as a representative pattern of different levels of biological structures. To deliver a representative dataset, botanical surveys were carried out on a range of British rivers together with environmental assessment and the plant communities groups were identified based on characteristic species according to eslished phytosociological criteria. The mean values and standard univariate medians of the revealed associations were compared with means calculated on the basis of advanced transformation and also with the rarely calculated multivariate L median. Due to high variance and asymmetrical distribution, the analyses based on the mean-value appeared to be limited in application. To avoid this disadvantage transformation to obtain normality of the dataset standardisation was proposed although even this did not fully reach a satisfactory symmetry. It was concluded that each environmental variable for each single biota must be individually treated by a suile transformation to obtain approximately normal distributions. The univariate median was very resistant to the effects of outliers but gave a flattened output of the environmental dataset making the partitioning of biological units very difficult. The multivariate L median appeared to be unaffected by outliers. It enabled to obtain considerable ordering of communities against individual environmental parameters without data transformation.

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Rozkłady prędkości przepływu wody w korytach z roślinnością wodną

Wójtowicz A., Kubrak E., Krukowski M.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2009

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Vol. 18, No. 2

11--20

PL

W pracy opisano metodykę oraz wyniki pomiarów rozkładów prędkości przepływu wody w korycie ze sztucznymi roślinami moczarki kanadyjskiej. Pomiary wykonano przy zmiennych głębokościach przepływu w korycie, spadku dna oraz zagęszczeniu roślin. Uzyskane z pomiarów rozkłady prędkości na głębokości koryta analizowano w zależności od wymienionych parametrów. Dokonano analizy wpływu zmian tych parametrów na przepustowość koryta.

EN

A laboratory fl ume experiment was carried out with use of the selected species of aquatic plants, namely elodea canadensis. The measurements were carried out taking into account the changing depths, slope and vegetation density and their infl uence on the velocity distributions and the channel flow capacity was analyzed.

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Flora i roślinność ramienicowa jezior Poligonu Wojskowego Wędrzyn oraz Łagowskiego Parku Krajobrazowego (Środkowo-Zachodnia Polska) na tle stanu roślinności wodnej i szuwarowej

Pełechaty M., Pukacz A.

Ekologia i Technika

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2006

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R. 14, nr 6

237-245

PL

Celem pracy było przedstawienie różnorodności florystycznej ramienic oraz różnorodności fitocenotycznej roślinności ramienicowej 18 jezior zbadanych na terenie Poligonu Wojskowego Wędrzyn oraz Łagowskiego Parku Krajobrazowego (zgłoszony obszar ochrony Natura 2000 "Buczyny Łagowsko-Sulęcińskie".

EN

The aim of the paper was to present the floristic diversity of charophytes (Characeae family) and phytocoenotic diversity of charophyte vegetation in 18 lakes surveyed on the area of Wędrzyn Military Training Ground and Łagów Landscape Park (mid-Western Poland). Material was collected during the study of rush and aquatic vegetation carried out in the summer season 2004 - 2005. From amongst 34 Polish species of the Characeae family and 22 currently present in waters of Ziemia Lubuska 11 species were found, representing 4 from 5 charophyte genera known from Poland, including a very rare on an international scale species Lychnothamnus barbatus, the only one representative of this genus world-wide. 10 of them built charophyte meadows constituting 10 of all 47 macrophyte communities found and occurring in 10 lakes. In further 6 lakes charophyte individuals or small clusters were noted. The highest number of species and the highest number of charophyte communities per lake was 7 and occurred in Lake Mcko Duże.

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Charakterystyka i zróżnicowanie funkcjonalne starorzeczy w dolinach dużych rzek nizinnych

Puchalski W.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2004

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nr 131(12)

319-325

PL

Starorzecza stanowią istotny element krajobrazu dolin rzek nizinnych. Na przykładzie starorzeczy doliny dolnej Wisły omówiono charakterystykę i wybrane aspekty funkcji biogeochemicznych ich ekosystemów, związanych z metabolizmem osadów dennych i funkcjami roślinności wodnej. Czynnikami różnicującymi starorzecza jest ich podatność na perturbacje związane z wezbraniami rzek oraz struktura (różnorodność) roślinności. Zróżnicowanie strukturalne przekłada się na zróżnicowanie zdolności retencyjnych w stosunku do ładunków związków biogennych, gdzie najkorzystniejsze cechy posiadają osady denne starorzeczy zalewanych wodami wezbraniowymi. Poszczególne gatunki roślin uzależnione są od specyficznych warunków środowiska, zmieniając często w przeciwstawny sposób parametry funkcjonowania ekosystemów. W zagospodarowaniu dolin rzecznych należy dążyć do wykorzystania starorzeczy jako sprawnej pułapki biogeochemicznej oraz stabilizującego i łączącego komponentu krajobrazu doliny rzeki, pod warunkiem zachowania dynamiki wezbrań.

EN

Oxbow lakes constitute an important element of the landscape of lowland river floodplains. The structural characteristics and chosen aspects of biogeochemical functions are described for oxbow ecosystems in the lower Vistula floodplain, considering metabolic properties of bottom sediments and functions of aquatic vegetation. Typology of oxbow lakes, based mainly on their susceptibility to flood disturbances and on vegetation structure and diversity is proposed. Patterns of structural diversity imply the variability of retentive properties for external nutrient loads, where sediments of periodically flooded lakes reveal the most desirable properties. Particular plant species, constrained by specific environmental variables, transform functions of their ecosystems in contrasting ways. Oxbow lakes may perform a role of effective biogeochemical traps as well as may increase the stability and connectivity functions of riverine landscapes. Such optimising of floodplain management demands at least partial restoration of flood dynamics for maintaining non-degraded functions of oxbow lakes. Functional assessment of vegetation and sediment analyses may help in establishing the most desirable restoration measures.