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1

Wpływ koagulantów PAX 16 i PAX 25, stosowanych w inaktywacji fosforu, na stężenie glinu w wybranych roślinach wodnych

Buśko Marta, Gałczyńska Małgorzata, Ciemniak Artur

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 4

532--535

PL

Przedstawiono wady i zalety stosowania koagulantów glinowych (PAX 16 i PAX 25) do inaktywacji fosforu w procesie rekultywacji zeutrofizowanych zbiorników wodnych. Zwrócono uwagę na niebezpieczeństwo zanieczyszczenia glinem zarówno wód, jak i organizmów wodnych, a w szczególności roślin wodnych. W celu określenia, które gatunki roślin wodnych są podatne na zwiększoną akumulację glinu, wywołaną większym stężeniem tego pierwiastka w wodzie, przeprowadzono 15-tygodniowe doświadczenie wazonowe. Badanymi roślinami były 3 makrofity strefy litoralnej ekosystemu wodnego, które różniły się sposobem pobierania składników odżywczych.

EN

Alₙ(OH)ₘCl3ₙ₋ₘ and its mixt. with FeCl₂ were used as inactivators of P compds. in pot expts. The Ceratophyllum demersum L. (submerged plant), Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (floating plant) and Hippuris vulgaris L. (emergent plant) used as test aquatic plants differed in the manner of nutrient uptake in the littoral zone of the aquatic ecosystem. During the 15-week expt., the same doses of Al were added to each vase. After tests, the water pH and Al content in the water and dry matter of plants were detd. Plants were subjected to biometric measurements. Hydrocharis morsusranae L. was the least Al-susceptible plant.

2

Zastosowanie wskaźników biologicznych do oceny wpływu regulacji rzeki na zbiorowiska roślin wodnych

Stachowiak Marta, Pabijan Liwia

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 3

12--19

PL

Celem pracy jest analiza możliwości wykorzystania wskaźników biologicznych do oceny wpływu robót regulacyjnych na zbiorowiska roślin wodnych oraz ocena wpływu czasu, jaki upłynął od wykonania robót na te wskaźniki. Zbadano wpływ na skład jakościowy zbiorowisk roślin wodnych parametrów koryta rzeki i jej strefy przybrzeżnej, które zostały ukształtowane w wyniku prac regulacyjnych. Wskaźnikami biologicznymi oddziaływania regulacji koryta na rośliny wodne były: liczba gatunków, stopień pokrycia dna, wskaźnik różnorodności Schannona-Wienera, wskaźnik równocenności Pielou oraz wskaźnik niedoboru gatunkowego. Na podstawie wyników badań stwierdzono, że regulacja rzeki ma wpływ na rośliny wodne, a analizowane wskaźniki biologiczne mogą być przydatne w ocenie tego wpływu.

EN

This study aims to examine the possibility of using biological indicators, to assess the impact of regulatory works on aquatic plant communities. In addition, it will also conduct an assessment of changes to indicators over time, following works. The analysis focused on the impact of regulatory works on the qualitative composition of aquatic plant communities, as well as parameters of the river bed and its coastal (littoral) zone. The study finds that several biological indicators can function as a measure of impact in relation to regulatory works. These indicators are the number of species, the degree of bottom coverage, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, the Pielou equality indicator and the species shortage indicator. This study concludes that river regulation can affect aquatic flora, and that the above listed biological indicators may be useful in assessing levels of impact.

3

Sposób oczyszczania wód kopalnianych i przywracania różnorodności biologicznej terenów zdegradowanych

Chepak Olga, Kostenko Viktor, Zavialova Elena

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 3

20--25

PL

Celem pracy jest przedstawienie sposobu szybkiego odzyskiwania zdegradowanych terenów likwidowanych kopalń z jednoczesnym oczyszczaniem pompowanych wód kopalnianych. W pracy zaproponowano ulepszoną metodę przyspieszonego odzyskiwania obszaru zdegradowanego działalnością przemysłową z zastosowaniem podnośnika powietrzno-wodnego do oczyszczenia wód kopalnianych, co umożliwi regulację temperatury wody produkowanej z wymienników ciepła. Na podstawie obliczeń określono głębokości rozmieszczenia elementów instalacji podnośniku powietrzno-wodnego. W celu utrzymania temperatury wody w okresie zimowym, w zakresie 10-12°C, ścieki kopalniane o temperaturze 34°C powinny być pompowane z dolnego szybu podnośnika znajdującego się na głębokości 800 m. Z kolei do schłodzenia wody w okresie letnim do temperatury 25°C, ściek kopalniany o temperaturze około 13°C, powinien być pompowany z górnego szybu podnośnika zlokalizowanego na głębokości 120 metrów.

EN

The aim of the work is to show the method of accelerated restoration of the degraded territory of industrial sites of liquidated mines with simultaneous purification of pumped mine waters. The paper proposes an improvement of the method of accelerated recovery of the degraded territory of industrial sites of abandoned mines with simultaneous purification of pumped mine waters through the use of an airlift unit that will allow to regulate the temperature of the water produced from the heat exchangers. The depth of placement of the airlift installation was determined by calculation. In order to maintain the temperature of the water in the bioplate system in winter at the level of 10-12°C, mine water having a temperature of 34°C must be supplied from the lower trunk of the airlift located at a depth of 800 m. To cool the water in the bioplato system to 25°C in summer, the mine water with a temperaturę of about 13°C must be pumped out from the top of the shaft of the airlift to a depth of 120 m.

4

Effect of two distinct patches of Myriophyllum species on downstream turbulence in a natural river

Przyborowski Łukasz, Łoboda Anna Maria, Bialik Robert Józef

Acta Geophysica

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2019

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Vol. 67, no. 3

987--997

EN

Velocity profiles upstream and downstream of two aquatic plant species that are similar in morphology but differ in patch structures were measured in a natural river. Turbulence statistics were analyzed after thorough data filtering. In the wake of the M. alterniflorum, which was a slender, 0.3 m wide and 1.2 m long patch of aspect ratio 1:4, there were distinctive peaks in both, turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy, which indicated increased lateral mixing. In contrast to the M. alterniflorum, turbulence statistics in the wake of the M. spicatum, which was the larger, 2 m wide and 2.4 m long patch of aspect ratio 1:1.5, indicated increased lateral shear of a greater magnitude. The turbulent kinetic energy was diminished in the closest layer to the bed downstream the both plants, although, in the case of M. alterniflorum, the observed values were similar to those upstream. The occurrence of the mixing layer below the height of M. spicatum was visible in the power spectral density plot. In both cases, ejections in the wake diminished in favor of other coherent structures. The shape and configuration of a patch are decisive factors governing the occurrence of flow instabilities downstream of the patch.

5

Metals in organs of bottom sediments and aquatic plants of the Ełk River and its tributaries

Skorbiłowicz E., Skorbiłowicz M., Zamojska E., Wójtowicz P.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2018

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Vol. 44, no. 3

281--293

EN

The aim of the work was to analyze the content of Ni, Pb and Cd in organs (root, stem, leaf) Typha latifolia L. and Nuphar lutea as well as bottom sediments of the Ełk River and selected tributaries. An attempt was also made to indicate the factors and processes governing the behavior of the investigated metals in the water environment of the examined rivers. The research object was the Ełk River with its three tributaries - the Gawlik River, the Binduga River and the Kuwasy Canal. Samples of bottom sediments, leaves, stems and roots of Typha latifolia L. and Nuphar lutea were collected in August of 2015. The content of metals was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). The results of analyses of sediments and plant material indicate a lack of environmental pollution by nickel (2.58-8.50 mg-kg-1) and lead (3.82-15.99 mg-kg-1) of the Ełk River and its tributaries whereas the cadmium content ranged from 0.16-0.76 mg-kg-1. Nuphar lutea and Typha latifolia L. showed a varied capacity to accumulate nickel (1.20-10.51 mg-kg-1) and lead (0.04-14.16 mg-kg-1), occurring primarily in the roots. The smallest concentration of nickel and lead was recorded in the stems. The highest concentration of cadmium (2.56 mg-kg-1) was noted in the roots and the lowest (0.01 mg-kg) in the leaves. Factor analysis pointed to the processes of mobilizing elements from bottom sediments as a result of pH drop and their uptake by macrophyte roots and sorption processes of metal ions by macrophytes from river waters and their intensive accumulation in bottom sediments.

6

Vulnerability of the Biological Elements of River Bed Ecosystem on Regulatory Works

Hachoł J., Bondar-Nowakowska E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 2

51--56

EN

The vulnerability of the system to changes is an additional factor that is often taken into account in risk analysis. Usually this assessment takes into account only two elements – probability and consequences of an event. The study attempts to assess the vulnerability of vascular aquatic plant communities to the qualitative and quantitative changes as a result of regulatory works in a river bed. The aim of the paper is to assess the possibility of using biological indicators, commonly used in assessing the status of aquatic ecosystems, as indicators of the vulnerability of analyzed communities. These are: the number of plant species, the degree of their bottom coverage, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index and ecological status. Field studies were carried out in growing seasons from 2008–2014 in small and medium-sized lowland watercourses in Lower Silesia. The field study included an inventory of vascular aquatic plants. Based on the results of the research, values of biological indicators were calculated and statistical analysis (cluster analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation) were performed. On this basis it was found that the number of aquatic plants species and diversity index may be indicators of the vulnerability of plant communities to the changes as a result of river regulation.

7

An effect of regulatory works range on ecological changes in watercourse bed

Bondar-Nowakowska E., Hachoł J.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2016

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nr IV/1

1129--1142

EN

This paper attempts to assess an effect of the range of regulatory works in watercourse beds on the aquatic plant communities. The results of field studies carried out on sections transformed as a result of regulatory works and the non-altered sections were compared for this purpose. The field studies were conducted in growing seasons in years 2008-2014 on 11 small and medium-sized lowland watercourses in Lower Silesia. They included identification of aquatic plant species and estimation of the degree of bottom coverage with them. The assessment was based on analysis of changes in the values of five biological indicators such as: the number of aquatic plant species, Jaccard similarity coefficient, ecological status, Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index and Pielou`s evenness index. Comparative analyzes enabled to determine the qualitative and quantitative changes in the aquatic plant communities. However, they did not show any correlation between the analyzed biological indicators and the range of regulatory works in watercourse beds.

8

Zinc and lead in bottom sediments and aquatic plants in river Narew

Skorbiłowicz E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 1

127--134

EN

Aquatic ecosystems are a valuable part of natural environment. The increasing level of pollution in waters transforming biocoenoses and other adverse effects of the impact of toxic substances have contributed to the development of biological monitoring. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in contents of zinc and lead in bottom sediments and roots of aquatic plants: Phragmites australis and Acorus calamus in the river Narew. There were 14 points on the river, from where samples of bottom sediments and plant material were collected. The contents of lead and zinc were determined by means of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry using Varian device. It was proven that bottom sediments were characterized by low contents of zinc and lead except from two sampling points: in Bondary and Narew. Achieved results of analyzes of plant material showed a slight exceeding in the case of lead. Spatial distribution of zinc and lead contents in examined roots of plants coincided with their contents in bottom sediments, which was also confirmed by statistical analysis. It was proven that aquatic plants had greater tendency for accumulation of metals than bottom sediments.

9

Bioaccumulation of Aluminium in the Aquatic Environment of the Dobra River in Wroclaw

Senze M., Kowalska-Góralska M., Czyżowicz I.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2011

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Vol. 18, nr 11

1545-1550

EN

Laboratory tests were carried out regarding the aquatic environment of the Dobra River within the borders of the city of Wroclaw. The study material was constituted by the river water and aquatic plants. The concentration of aluminium in the water oscillated between 0.0517 mgAl dm–3 and 0.2130 mgAl dm–3. The maximum concentration of aluminium in the aquatic plants amounted to 7.178.65 mgAl kg–1 and the minimum to 118.75 mgAl kg–1. The tests indicated that the Dobra River waters should be classified as water of medium pollution. Aluminium concentrations in the plants were also found to be moderate.

PL

Przeprowadzono badania środowiska wodnego rzeki Dobrej na terenie Wrocławia. Materiałem badawczym były woda rzeczna i rośliny wodne. Poziom glinu w wodzie zawierał się między 0,0517 mgAl dm-3 a 0,2130 mgAl dm-3. W roślinach wodnych maksimum zawartości glinu wyniosło 7178,65 mgAl kg-1, a minimum 118,75 mgAl kg-1. Wody rzeki Dobrej można zaliczyć do wód o średnim stopniu zanieczyszczenia. Obecność glinu w badanych roślinach utrzymuje się również na umiarkowanym poziomie.

10

Zmiany w składzie gatunkowym naczyniowych roślin wodnych po konserwacji cieków

Bondar-Nowakowska E., Hachoł J.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2010

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T. 10, z. 3

41-48

PL

W 2006 r. na cieku Sąsiecznica (dopływ Baryczy) wykonano prace konserwacyjne, obejmujące koszenie skarp i odmulenie dna cieku. Ich skutkiem było całkowite usunięcie naczyniowych roślin wodnych. W sezonie wegetacyjnym następnego roku dokonano szczegółowej inwentaryzacji flory wodnej na dwóch konserwowanych i dwóch niekonserwowanych odcinkach cieku. Niekonserwowane odcinki koryta cieku wykorzystano jako porównawcze. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że rośliny wodne szybko odrastały. Prace konserwacyjne spowodowały jednak pojawienie się gatunków, które nie występowały na odcinkach niekonserwowanych. Podobną tendencję stwierdzono na trzech innych, małych ciekach nizinnych Dolnego Śląska.

EN

In 2006 the maintenance works were done in the Sąsiecznica River (a tributary of the Barycz River). They included mowing slopes and sediment removal from the river bed. Vascular aquatic plants were completely removed. Field studies carried out in the vegetation season next year showed the recovery of aquatic plants. We performed a detailed survey of aquatic plant communities in two transformed and two non-transformed river sections, the latter dealt with as a control. The analysis demonstrated that the aquatic plant communities rapidly recovered after the maintenance works which, however, caused the appearance of some species formerly absent from non-transformed river sections. Similar trend was found in three other lowland streams in Lower Silesia.

11

Bioaccumulation of metals in common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud) in the Losinka River (the Czech Republic)

Senze M., Kowalska-Góralska M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2008

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Vol. 15, nr 9

973-978

EN

A study was conducted to determine heavy metal concentrations in the water and aquatic plants of the Losinka River and its tributaries. Samples of common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud) and river water were collected. For the samples water reaction, electrolytic conductivity and content of the following metals: copper, nickel, cadmium, lead and zinc were determined. The average concentrations of metals in the plant samples were found to be as follows: copper - 5.9460 mg Cu kg-1, nickel - 2.2676 mg Ni kg-1, and cadmium - 1.9042 mg Cd kg-1. Lead concentrations ranged from 16.84 mg Pb kg-1 to 35.70 mg Pb kg-1, and zinc concentrations - from 10.15 mg Zn kg-l to 76.47 mg Zn kg-1. The accumulation rates (k) for individual metals were relatively high, with the maximum k for copper amounting to 18337, nickel- 18397, cadmium - 11330, lead - 44633, and zinc - 10852. The metal concentrations in the water and plant samples collected during the study were found to be similar to those in slight1y polluted surface waters.

PL

Przeprowadzono badania zawartości metali ciężkich w wodzie i roślinach wodnych rzeki Losinki i jej dopływów. Pobierano próbki trzciny pospolitej (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud) i wody rzecznej. Określono odczyn wody, przewodność elektrolityczną oraz zawartość miedzi, niklu, kadmu, ołowiu i cynku. W próbkach roślinnych średnia zawartość miedzi wynosiła 5,9460 mg Cu . kg-1, niklu 2;2676 mg Ni . kg-1, a kadmu 1,9042 mg Cd. kg-1. Zakres wartości dla ołowiu wynosił: od 16,84 mg Pb. kg-1 do 35,70 mg Pb. kg-1, dla cynku od 10,15 mg Zn . kg-1 do 76,47 mg Zn kg-1. Współczynniki kumulacji (k) były stosunkowo duże i wynosiły maksymalnie dla miedzi k= 18227, niklu k= 18397, kadmu k= 11330, ołowiu k=44633, a dla cynku k= 10852. Poziom metali w badanych próbkach wody i roślin jest zbliżony do zawartości notowanych w środowisku wód powierzchniowych charakteryzujących się niewielkim stopniem zanieczyszczenia.

12

Metals absorbed by two aquatic plants and changes in their phenolic compounds

Zobel A. M., Sandstrom T., Nighswander J. E., Dudka S.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2006

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Nr 16

70-75

EN

Two aquatic macrophytes: Eriacaulon septangulare and Lobelia dortman-na, which are the most abundant in oligotrophic acid waters, were tested for their response to different pH, and Al3+ and Pb2+ concentrations. Both isoetids were tolerant down to the lowest pH tested (3.5), showing mitotic divisions after one week, and increased concentrations of phenolics in the shoot apex. Both plants showed mitotic activity after one month in 300 mg Al3+/L, and after lead treatment divisions up to 72% of the control were still observed. For L. dortmanna there was a negative linear relationship (r = -0.97) between the length of the inflorescence stem and the Al3+ concentration. Aluminum was found in the stomata associated with the hydatode in L. dortmanna, and in the leaf tip of E. septanglare. In the roots it was found in epidermal tissue of E. septangulare, and the cell wall of the epidermis, with only occasional cell flooding in L. dortmanna.

13

Changes in the vegetation of softwater lakes under the influence of humic substances

Bociąg K., Szmeja J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2001

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Vol. 49, nr 4

319-326

EN

The effect of dissolved allochthonous humic substances (aDHS) on submerged aquatic vegetation was studied in softwater lakes. It has been found that with increasing aDHS (in the range of concentrations 1.2 to 20.6 mg C dm^-3) the number of macrophyte species decreases (from 17 to 1), the biomass is reduced considerably (86--> 0 g dw m^-2), especially the biomass of the dominants, and the Shannon-Weaver index changes (up to the concentrations of 4.5 mg C dm^-3 the index increases and then decreases). Population areas become increasingly narrow and shifted towards shallow littoral sites. Plant degeneration begins in deep-water sectors. It is not connected with the appearance of new dominants, and leads on to the elimination of all plants from a lake.