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1

Risk management in the Greek mussel farming through ISO 31000

Theodorou John A., Tzovenis Ioannis

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2024

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Vol. 53, No. 1

79--87

EN

The main risks to the sustainability of Mediterranean mussel farming in Greece were assessed using a generic framework derived from the AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009 Risk Management Model. Risk management scenarios were reviewed after they were successfully tested in the field by semi-qualitative/quantitative data generation protocols. A critical synthesis of the results identifies key indicative aspects needed by stakeholders to formulate a valid operational risk management plan for the sector.

2

Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes sul1, tetA, blaGES, and mexF in Sapon Irrigation Canal and Aquaculture Pond in Kulon Progo Regency, Indonesia

Ikhrami Mohamad Aji, Sari Dini Wahyu Kartika, Putra Masagus Muhammad Prima

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

85--92

EN

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have recently become an emerging environmental contaminants. The aquatic environment, such as a river has already become the most polluted environment and can be a driver of ARGs. The water from irrigation canal has the potential to become a hotspot of ARGs through contamination from river pollutants carried along to the irrigation canal. However, the information regarding the cross-contamination of ARGs in fish farming systems integrated with irrigation canal in Indonesia needs further study. This study investigated the occurrence of ARGs sulfonamide (sul1), tetracycline (tetA), beta lactam (blaGES), and multi drug resistance (mexF) from body water samples along the irrigation canal and aquaculture ponds which utilize irrigation water for cultivation. Sampling sites are located in the Kulon Progo Regency (Indonesia) and samples were taken during the rainy season. Gene amplification was performed using Multiplex PCR. The results showed that sul1, tetA, and blaGES were detected in 67%, 63%, and 55% of all samples. Meanwhile, mexF was only found upstream and downstream irrigation canals, which accounted for 25% of the total samples. The results of this study indicated that the Sapon Irrigation Canal has the potential to cause the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.

3

Phytoplankton Community Stability as a Health Indicator of Whiteleg Shrimp in an Intensive Pond

Musa Muhammad, Mahmudi Mohammad, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Buwono Nanik Retno, Arsad Sulastri

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

332--340

EN

The goal of this study was to examine and assess the stability of phytoplankton communities in connection to the different health status type of shrimp pond (healthy and diseased) in an intensive culture. The research was conducted in two ponds located in Probolinggo region, which had different health status until the eight week of harvest period. Several water quality variables and phytoplankton community composition were observed. Non-metric dimensional scaling and analysis of similarity were used to compare the phytoplankton community structure and water quality parameters in both ponds. In addition, the stability of phytoplankton community in these ponds was measured using species turnover rate, rate change of composition community, and community stability indices. The results showed that phytoplankton community structure and water quality factors between a diseased and healthy pond were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the phytoplankton community in the healthy pond was more stable than that of the diseased pond. Furthermore, ammonia and phosphate were found as the dominant factors affecting the phytoplankton community in the studied ponds.

4

Increased emergency preparedness in coastal aquaculture

Salomonsen C., Selvik Ø, Berg T. E., Thorvaldsen T.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2023

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Vol. 17 No. 3

523--531

EN

Aquaculture is an industry that has developed rapidly over the past decades. Despite several hazards in the operations, emergency preparedness is not at the same level as in the rest of the maritime industry. This paper highlights some possibilities to increase the aquaculture industry’s coastal emergency preparedness. This paper is the result of the innovation project “Coastal Emergency Preparedness” funded by the Norwegian Research Council and industry partners. The aquaculture industry must establish its own emergency preparedness. In this paper, the innovation of a fleet of emergency preparedness vessels along the coastline, which could fill the gaps in emergency preparedness, is presented. The vessels would be of varied sizes, with different equipment and response times, and could assist the aquaculture industry during local incidents or large‐scale ones, such as algae blooms or winter storms, that affect many sites at the same time. Each production zone would need its own dedicated fleet due to biosecurity regulations. The emergency preparedness vessel fleet would be led by an on‐scene commander. The fleet would deal with oil spills and tasks such as emergency towing, firefighting, rescue of people, recapturing of fish, silage making, algae detection, and diving missions. With such a vessel fleet, small and large aquaculture companies could increase their emergency preparedness with a common strategy and shared resources.

5

The impact of water quality on the availability of phytoplankton and growth of Litopenaeus vannamei

Musa Muhammad, Thoyibah Auliarifka A., Puspitaningtyas Dyah A., Arsad Sulastri, Mahmudi Mohammad, Lusiana Evellin D., Maftuch Maftuch, Huda Agus S.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

127--135

EN

This research analysed the availability of phytoplankton and the growth rate of Vannamei shrimp in relation to water quality changes. The research was carried out in February-March 2021 for a half cycle of shrimp cultivation in two ponds of the Brackish Water Fish Culture Probolinggo Laboratory in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. The research used a descriptive method and included a survey. Sampling was made every two weeks for two months. Nine parameters were measured and ten shrimps were taken for a specific growth rate (SGR) measurement once per sampling. Data were analysed using the principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Secondary data of water quality were added for the PCA. The results show that the phytoplankton found in the first pond consisted of Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, and Cyanophyta, whereas the phytoplankton in the other pond included Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta, and Dinophyta. The abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 12-80∙103 cell∙cm-3, which indicated eutrophic waters. The PCA demonstrated that pH, nitrate, and total organic matter (TOM) significantly influenced phytoplankton abundance in the pond. In addition, water quality parameters, such as temperature, transparency, salinity, nitrite and phosphate levels, were tolerable in both ponds for the growth of shrimps. However, the level of pH was lower than the aquaculture quality standard, whereas those of nitrate, ammonia, and TOM were higher. The growth rate of Vannamei shrimp increased by 0.76–7.34%∙day-1.

6

Organic Micropollutants from an Agricultural Drainage Ditch Contaminate a Shrimp Farm in Sinaloa (Mexico)

Moeder Monika, Carranza-Diaz Otoniel, López-Angulo Gabriela, Ahumada-Santos Yesmi Patricia, Schrader Steffi, Reemtsma Thorsten, Delgado-Vargas Francisco

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

143--152

EN

Among nutrients and pesticides, agricultural draining ditches also transport pollutants discharged with untreated wastewater from the municipalities adjoining the ditch. When the ditch water is used for irrigation and aquaculture, risks for the environment and food production are suggested. For the conducted field study, a shrimp farm in Sinaloa (Mexico) was used to trace organic pollutants (pesticides and pharmaceutical residues) on their way from an agricultural draining ditch to a shrimp farm fed partially by the drain water. The concentrations of pollutants in the drain water ranged from 10 ng L-1 to 453 ng L-1. The pond water of the shrimp farm contained concentrations between <10 ng L-1 and 177 ng L-1. The shrimps were contaminated by pollutants at concentrations between 40 μg kg-1 d.w. (dry weight) to 3.3 mg kg-1 d.w. (fungicide Metalaxyl). Health risks for the cultivated shrimps cannot be excluded because some pesticides are known for their toxic effects to crustaceans. The concentrations of selected antibiotics in the shrimps were low and comparable with those found in the shrimps declared as seawater shrimps from a German supermarket. The incorporation of the antibiotics was probably caused by contact to the wastewater in the shrimp ponds and/or by contaminated shrimp feed. Additionally to the anthropogenic chemicals, coliforms were determined in the water (total coliforms: 30-50 CFU 100 mL-1; fecal coliforms: 0-20 CFU 100 mL-1). These values agree with the Mexican Norm NOM-242-SSA1-2009 representing a microbiological quality of water adequate for aquaculture. The number of coliforms measured in shrimp was higher than in pond water, suggesting bioaccumulation and a potential health risk for consumers.

7

Effects of diet quantity on growth performance of juvenile sea cucumbers Holothuria scabra

Al-Harbi Mamdouh

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2022

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Vol. 51, No. 2

158--166

EN

Sea cucumbers are in high demand in the world market due to their nutritional and medicinal values. In this study, the growth performance of juvenile sea cucumbers Holothuria scabra fed with different proportions of two feeds was analyzed. Commercially available sea cucumber feed (feed-A) and formulated feed (feed-B) were used for the experiments. Animals fed with 2% feed-A showed a negative growth rate. Maximum growth was observed in animals fed with 8% feed-A and feed-B. While feed-A treated groups showed significant variation (P < 0.05) in growth performance between different percentages of diets, feed-B treated animals showed no such variation. Feed-B treated animals showed higher growth rates compared to feed-A treated sea cucumbers. Water quality parameters and anoxic conditions of the soil in culture tanks did not change due to the higher percentage of feeds. In conclusion, this study showed that diet percentage is an important factor for the optimum growth of sea cucumbers.

8

Incidence of skeletal deformities in induced triploid rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)

Jagiełło Krzysztof, Polonis Marcin, Ocalewicz Konrad

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 2

150--159

EN

Due to the cytogenetic incompatibility, triploid fish are usually infertile and are not affected by a decline in growth, survival and meat quality, which accompanies the process of sexual maturation in diploid specimens. Thus, artificial triploidization has been proposed for fish production in the case of species with early sexual maturation, such as rainbow trout. However, the use of this technique is limited by increased ratios of skeletal deformities observed in triploid specimens. The main objective of this research was to compare the proportion and variety of body abnormalities in diploid and triploid 14-month-old rainbow trout from commercial stocks, using external body shape examination, radiography and whole-mount skeletal staining. Individuals with externally observed body deformities (scoliosis, humpback, shortened tail and jaw deformities) accounted for 0.45% of the diploid stock and 3.83% of the triploid stock. X-rays and whole-mount skeletal staining of deformed individuals showed spine deformities, including compressions and fusions of vertebrae. Abnormalities observed in diploid and triploid rainbow trout examined during this study were non-lethal, however, they may negatively affect the condition of fish. Fish with skeletal deformities are not aesthetically pleasing, thus an increased ratio of such deformations in fish produced for commercial purposes may result in real economic losses.

9

Empirical approach to risk management strategies of Mediterranean mussel farmers in Greece

Theodorou John A., Tzovenis Ioannis, Katselis George

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 4

455--472

EN

Risk perception and risk responses of Greek mussel farmers are important for understanding their risk behavior and the likely success of different risk mitigation strategies. This allows policy makers and actuarial companies to decide what risk management products to offer to address specific types of risks. Results from an empirical survey showed that ex-farm prices and health/disability status of farmers are perceived as the most important sources of risk. Risk management decisions were strongly influenced by the attitudes of mussel farmers rather than their socioeconomic status or perception of risk sources. Financial reserves and an alternative source of stable income are both preferred by mussel farmers as risk management strategies, while optimizing farm management to produce at the lowest possible cost is commonly practiced to eliminate losses. Farmers recommend that for certain types of risks that lead to total losses, e.g. anoxia, tsunamis, harmful algal blooms (HABs), insurance contracts should be provided by the public sector, as in similar situations in agriculture. For other needs, customized insurance contracts should be provided by the actuarial market.

10

Assessment of a sheltered euhaline area of the southeastern Bay of Biscay to sustain bivalve production in terms of phytoplankton community composition

Bilbao Jone, Muñiz Oihane, Rodríguez José Germán, Revilla Marta, Laza-Martínez Aitor, Seoane Sergio

Oceanologia

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2021

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No. 63 (1)

12--26

EN

This study describes the phytoplankton community in sheltered euhaline waters of the Basque coast (southeastern Bay of Biscay). Phytoplankton composition, cell size, abundance, biomass and the presence of potentially toxic taxa, together with chlorophyll a, nutrients and hydrographic and optical conditions were measured, from August 2016 to August 2017, in the Mutriku port, with the main aim of assessing the suitability of the phytoplankton community as a food resource for bivalves. The water column in Mutriku showed the typical environmental conditions of Basque marine waters, with no significant nutrient enrichment caused by anthropogenic pressures. Haptophytes represented the greatest contribution to cell abundance (31-47%), and diatoms were the dominant group in terms of biomass (52-79%), which could favour mussel growth due to their high fatty acid content. In addition, the size structure of the phytoplankton community was suitable for mussel ingestion, since the predominant cell size was 2-20 µm. Regarding toxic phytoplankton, the genera that pose a risk for human health and those that affect negatively mussel physiology and survival were considered. Altogether, ten toxic phytoplankton taxa were identified, contributing in less than 5% to the total cell abundance of Mutriku. However, median chlorophyll a concentration was low (0.5 µg L-1), reflecting the oligotrophic conditions of the area. Therefore, even if the composition of the phytoplankton community could be favourable for bivalve aquaculture, biomass values are low compared to other zones of bivalve production.

11

Exploring the process of aqua logistics in the Malaysian aquaculture industry - a qualitative study

Aziz Zuraimi Abdul, Hussin Nik Syuhailah Nik, Aziz Nurul Ashykin Abd, Latif Mohd Nasrulddin Abd

LogForum

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2021

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Vol. 17, no. 2

287--298

EN

Background: The production of freshwater aquaculture fish has developed quickly and being important activity. An intensive logistics system is required to handle the shipment since the aquaculture products especially aquaculture fish are perishable. The process begins right after fish farming to final consumption. It involves a large number of stakeholders as the significant effort is required to build an efficient supply chain. However, little is known about process faced by the Malaysian aquaculture entrepreneurs during the aqua logistics activities. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by exploring this phenomenon. Methods: For methodology part, a series of 12 aquaculture companies through focus group discussion (FGD) with the entrepreneurs were done across aqua logistic business. This was done to explore the topic and refine the research questions. Results: The present study discovers that there were linkages along the value chain of aqua logistics in aquaculture industry, which provides a specific recommendation to stakeholders in managing day-to-day logistics operations. Also, the findings show four main process emerging from the qualitative study, which led to the following themes, namely: [i] procurement; [ii] production; [iii] order fulfillment; and [iv] transport and distribution. Conclusion: The adopted qualitative methodology provided rich information that will lead the future research. In brief, this study has contributed new knowledge to the existing literature in aqua logistics and will benefit the future studies.

PL

Wstęp: Produkcja ryb słodkowodnych rozwija się szybko i zyskuje coraz większe znaczenie. Intensywny system logistyczna wymaga dobrej obsługi dostaw ze względu na łatwą podatność na psucie się oferowanych produktów. Proces zaczyna się od momentu połowu aż do dostawy do końcowego konsumenta. Obejmuje swoim zasięgiem wielu uczestników, budujących wydajny łańcuch dostaw. Aczkolwiek nadal jest mało dostępnej wiedzy na temat procesu realizowanego przez malezyjskich przedsiębiorców tej branż podczas czynności w obrębie całego łańcucha logistycznego. Celem pracy jest pogłębienie i rozszerzenie wiedzy w tym obszarze. Metody: Do badania wykorzystano grupy fokusowe 12 przedsiębiorstw związanych z badaną działalnością w celu analizy problemu. Wyniki: Prezentowane badania wykazały powiązania wartościowe pomiędzy uczestnikami łańcucha dostaw w obrębie aqua-przemysłu, które dostarczają specyficznych rekomendacji uczestnikom łańcucha w codziennych operacjach logistycznych. Dodatkowo wyodrębniono cztery główne procesy związane z następującymi obszarami: zakupy, produkcja, realizacja zamówień oraz transport i dystrybucja. Wnioski: Zastosowana metodologia jakościowa dostarczyła obfitej informacji, które będzie wykorzystana w kolejnych pracach. Rozszerza ona istniejący stan wiedzy na temat aqua-logistyki i stanowi bazę dla przyszłych badań.

12

Nutrient Absorption and Biomass Production by the Marine Diatom Chaetoceros Muelleri: Effects of Temperature, Salinity, Photoperiod, and Light Intensity

Minggat Elizerberth, Roseli Wardina, Tanaka Yasuaki

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

231--240

EN

The marine diatom Chaetoceros muelleri is commonly used for aquacultural feed and is well known for its fast growth and easy maintenance. In order to evaluate the potential of C. muelleri to be used for the nutrient removal and biomass production from eutrophic saline wastewaters, the algae were cultured under a wide range of temperature, salinity, photoperiod, and light intensity. The optimum temperature for the biomass production was observed at 30°C, but the algae could maintain at least 66% of the highest production between 20°C and 35°C. The optimum salinity for the biomass production was 25, but the algae could maintain at least 22% of the highest production between 10 and 30. Both light intensity and photoperiod affected the algal biomass production, and the minimum light requirement was considered 100 μmol m−2•s−1 for 6 hours to maintain the biomass production and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) absorption. Throughout all the experiments, the N and P absorption increased with the biomass production, but the ratio of N and P to the biomass exponentially decreased with the biomass production. These results showed that C. muelleri is tolerant to the wide range of environmental conditions, absorbing nutrients and producing organic matter. C. muelleri has a great potential to be introduced in the water treatment processes, especially where the temperature and salinity fluctuate.

13

Implementation of an Integrated Floating Wetland and Biofilter for Water Treatment in Nile Tilapia Aquaculture

Somprasert Somanas, Mungkung Sattaya, Kreetachat Nathiya, Imman Saksit, Homklin Supreeda

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 8

146--152

EN

Due to the high nutrient and organic matter contents of fish pond water, the water must be treated before disposal to prevent the eutrophication and deterioration of natural receiving waters. Floating wetlands (FTWs) and biofilters are environmentally friendly ecological treatments that can be used for this water. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the performance of FTWs with biofilters (FTW/Bs) for nutrient and organic compound removal. Two FTW/ Bs were applied in a pond with 5,000 Nile tilapia. The macrophyte species in the FTWs were Cyperus (Cyperus spp.) and Heliconia (Heliconia spp.). The buoyant mats of the FTWs were made from bamboo, and 200 bioballs were loaded below the mats. The water quality parameters in the pond were monitored for 5 weeks between the control test without the FTW/Bs and the experimental test with FTW/Bs at sites 1 (S1) to 8 (S8). The FTW/Bs were located at sites 2 (S2) and 3 (S3). The results showed reductions in all water quality parameters except orthophosphate (ortho-P) at S2 and S3. The COD, BOD, NH4-N, and SS at S2 and S3 parameters during the experimental test were significantly lower than those during the control test, in the ranges of 20.34–33.96, 25.47–29.41, 25.86–27.87, and 26.00–28.44%, respectively.

14

Comparative Effects of Aquaculture and Water Level Fluctuations on Macroinvertebrate Communities in Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Chi S., Zheng Z., Zhang Z., Hu J., Zheng J., Zhao X., Hu J., Dong F., Peng J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

390--404

EN

In this study, the comparative effects of the two disturbances (aquaculture and water level fluctuations) on macroinvertebrate communities were explored in two waterbodies connected with the reservoir system of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China. One water body called Gaoyang Bay which suffered organic pollution from intensive aquaculture. Another named Hanfeng Lake, where the effects of water-level fluctuations are obvious. The results showed that aquaculture could significantly affect the chemical forms of nutrients, decrease the α-diversity and increase the β-diversity of macroinvertebrates although the communities in the treatment area in Gaoyang Bay were not fundamentally changed comparing to the control area in the same bay. The densities of macroinvertebrates in the treatment area were significantly lower than that of the control area. The composition of functional feeding groups in the treatment area was close to that in Hanfeng Lake, but obviously different from that in the control area in Gaoyang Bay and the collectors and predators dominated the communities in this control area with the highest percentages. Although water-level fluctuations had negative effects on the communities by decreasing the α-diversity and increasing the β-diversity, which were confirmed by the values of Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Harrison's index in the control area of Gaoyang bay and Hanfeng Lake, the adverse effects were relative low compared to aquaculture. In the bays of TGR, the small-scale disturbance (aquaculture activities) had more significant negative effects compared to the big-scale disturbance (water-level fluctuations related to dam operation of TGR).

15

Can multiple fish farms be integrated within a semi-enclosed bay without causing acute ecosystem degradation?

Puhr K., Pikelj K., Fiket Ž.

Oceanologia

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2017

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No. 59 (3)

318--330

EN

The current study explores the possibility that multiple fish farms (FFs) containing sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata) can be successfully integrated within a semi-enclosed bay in the Croatian Adriatic. The research focuses on determining principal environmental factors (EFs) that control the integration and attempts to estimate their individual and synergic ability to influence deposition and removal of organic matter (OM) and trace elements (TE) from the system. The complexity of the designated tasks demanded a comprehensive number of various datasets and samples to be used in the analysis. The ADCP data revealed strong wind induced currents forming within the research domain resulting in high system flushing efficiency (3.5–6 days). The sediment samples from all stations contained relatively inert minerals which contributed to overall low OM and TE concentrations and very limited variability found across the entire bathymetric range. The thermal advection effect recorded at two stations was attributed to specific seabed topography and the hydrodynamic response formed during Maestral wind episodes. The results indicate that a successful integration of four FFs has taken place within the research site (semi enclosed bay), and that the key EFs responsible for its success are strong wind induced hydrodynamics, favorable seabed topography and sediment mineral composition. The synergy of the principal EFs that formed within the system was found to have an attenuating effect regarding FFs chemical influence (OM and TE) and an amplifying one regarding spatial footprint which extended to ≈2000 m distance.

16

Maritime Spatial Planning of blue and zebra mussels. A case study for the Polish coastline based on the overview of existing examples from Canada and Australia

Turski J.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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2017

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Vol. 32, No. 1

72--82

EN

Poland is at the beginning of Maritime Spatial Planning process which is based on European Union Directive establishing the framework for maritime spatial planning. The Maritime Spatial Planning with the Ecosystem Based Approach is an example of a sustainable ocean management. Mussel cultivation in sea waters is an example of sustainable ocean management in which there is simultaneous use of water area for economical profit and also for environmental protection needed for proper harvest of blue and zebra mussels. Nevertheless, conditions for mussel cultivation on the Polish side of the Baltic Sea are harsh. Effective utilisation of knowledge of more experienced countries is a chance for Polish open water mussel farms to succeed. The example of Canadian and Australian implementing processes shows effectiveness of bottom-up perception of mussel cultivation development.

PL

Polska jest na początku procesu Planowania Przestrzennego Obszarów Morskich, do którego zobowiązała się w związku z przyjęciem Dyrektywy Parlamentu Europejskiego, ustanawiającej ramy planowania przestrzennego obszarów morskich. Planowanie Przestrzenne Obszarów Morskich wraz z Podejściem Ekosystemowym jest właściwym przykładem zrównoważonego zarządzania morskiego. Hodowla omułka na morskich wodach jest przykładem takiego zarządzania, w którym przestrzeń wykorzystywana jest jednocześnie do osiągania zysku ekonomicznego oraz ochrony środowiska – koniecznej do poprawnej hodowli omułka jadalnego i racicznicy zmiennej. Niemniej, warunki do uprawy omułka na polskiej części Morza Bałtyckiego są trudne. Efektywne wykorzystanie wiedzy doświadczonych krajów jest szansą sukcesu dla polskich farm omułkowych na morzu. Przykłady procesów implenetacyjnych Kanady i Australli pokazują skuteczność oddziaływania oddolnego w rozwoju hodowli omułka.

17

RASFF - produkty rybołówstwa i akwakultury. Analiza najczęstszych zagrożeń (2014-2016)

Keszka S., Panicz R.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2016

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T. 70, nr 8

20--23

PL

Ryby oraz produkty rybołówstwa to w ujęciu wartościowym ok. 10% ogólnego eksportu produktów rolnych i 1% światowego handlu towarami. Wprowadzenie systemu RASFF umożliwia skuteczną identyfikację i dystrybucję informacji o zagrożeniach ze strony mikroflory, metali ciężkich bądź zafałszowań produktów. Ta ostatnia grupa ma istotne znaczenie dla ukierunkowania monitoringu i systemów kontroli zdrowotności produktów na wszystkich etapach łańcucha żywnościowego. Z danych RASFF wynika, iż liczba wszystkich typów ostrzeżeń zarejestrowanych w systemie w przypadku ryb oraz produktów rybnych rosła do 2011 r. Następnie w latach 2011-2015 ustabilizowała się na poziomie 300 zgłoszeń na rok, co w 2014 r. stanowiło 12% spośród wszystkich zgłoszeń odnotowanych w RASFF. Analiza powiadomień RASFF wskazuje również na dotychczas nieznane zagrożenia, ujawniające nowe kierunki w obrocie produktami rybołówstwa i akwakultury, które stwarzają nieoszacowane dotychczas zagrożenia dla zdrowia człowieka (alergeny, dodatki funkcjonalne, pozostałości leków, chemikalia środowiskowe).

EN

Fish and fishery products account for 10% of total export of agricultural products and 1% of value of the world trade. Introduction of RASFF provides efficient identification and distribution of information on microbiological, heavy metal and product counterfeiting hazards. The last group is highly important for the selection of appropriate monitoring steps and further assessment of food safety risks along the whole food chain. RASFF data demonstrate that the total number of notifications for fish and their products recorded in system reached its peak in 2011 and then dropped a to a level of approximately 300 records in 2013-2015, what accounted for approximately 12% of all RASFF records submitted in 2014. Analysis of RASFF notifications reveals also other so-far unknown hazards, presenting new trends in fishery and aquaculture trade, which induce new hazards for human health (allergens, food additives, drug residues, environmental chemicals).

18

Produkty rybołówstwa i akwakultury importowane do UE z Afryki. Trendy, gatunki, zagrożenia

Keszka S., Panicz R.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2016

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T. 70, nr 12

8--13

PL

Mimo nierównomiernego rozwoju krajów kontynentu produkty rybołówstwa i akwakultury są obecne na rynkach UE. Głównymi producentami ryb z połowów morskich są: Maroko, Senegal i RPA, natomiast z połowów słodkowodnych Tanzania, Uganda, Egipt i Nigeria. Afryka zwiększyła jednak swój wkład w światową produkcję akwakultury z 1,2 do 2,2% w ciągu ostatnich dziesięciu lat, głównie w wyniku szybkiego rozwoju hodowli ryb słodkowodnych w Afryce subsaharyjskiej. Główni producenci to Nigeria, Egipt i Uganda. Oprócz tradycyjnie importowanych, głównie z RPA i Namibii, gatunków morszczuków, na rynku UE mogą pojawić się nowe gatunki zwierząt wodnych – nie tylko ryb. Kilka ostrzeżeń umieszczonych w systemie RASFF wskazuje na wciąż istniejący problem jakości administracji odpowiedzialnej w krajach Afryki za nadzór weterynaryjny i jakość produktów w eksporcie na rynki krajów UE.

EN

In spite of uneven development of the continental countries, fishery and aquaculture products are commonly available on the EU market. The main fish producers with the largest marine landings include Morocco, Senegal and the South Africa, whereas freshwater fishery products come from Tanzania, Uganda, Egypt and Nigeria. Within the recent decade, Africa has increased its share in global aquaculture from 1.2 to 2.2 %, mainly due to a rapid development of freshwater fish production in the sub-Saharan region with Nigeria, Egypt and Uganda, as the main producers. Except for traditionally imported from South Africa and Namibia hakes, the new species are expected to emerge on the EU market in the years to come and they will be not only fish. A few notifications in recently published RASFF portal indicate to the problems with the administration which is responsible for veterinary control and quality of the exported products from the African to the EU countries.

19

Scale-dependent environmental control of mesozooplankton community structure in three aquaculture subtropical bays of China

Sun D., Liu Z., Wang C.

Oceanologia

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2016

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No. 58 (2)

124--134

EN

Most subtropical bays of China have been under heavy pollution since the late 1990s, mainly because of the rapid development of aquaculture and discharge of industrial and agricultural wastewater. Some projects were conducted to investigate the zooplankton community in these bays, but those studies were less focused on the relationship between spatial structure of mesozooplankton community and environmental variables in/among bays. The mesozooplankton community structures in relation to physical, chemical and biological variables were studied in three subtropical bays of China with seasons and different spatial scales during 2000 and 2002–2003. Data were collected on temperature (T), salinity (S), concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), soluble reactive phosphate (SRP), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended particle material (SPM) and mesozooplankton taxonomic abundances. Correlation analysis showed that the main environmental factors correlated to the total abundance of mesozooplankton in these subtropical bays were Chl a, temperature, COD and SRP. Multivariate analysis indicated that DO, Chl a and temperature were the principal factors in influencing spatial differentiation of zooplankton community structure in the inter-bay scale. At the within-bay scale, the influencing factors were different among bays; the main factors were physical variables for Xiangshan Bay and Sanmen Bay, while chemical variables for Yueqing Bay, respectively. The results revealed that the environmental variables that affected spatial structure of mesozooplankton community were different at inter-bay scale and within-bay scales, and zooplankton community was more influenced by chemical (e.g. nutrients/ammonia) variables when under serious eutrophication condition, while it would be more influenced by physical variables (temperature/salinity) when under less eutrophic conditions.

20

Komitet techniczny ISO/TC 234 "Fisheries and aquaculture", czyli Rybołówstwa i akwakultury

Zamojski J.

Logistyka

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2016

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nr 1

453--458, CD1

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano jeden z młodszych komitetów technicznych ISO - ISO/TC 234 "Fisheries and aquaculture", który w bieżącym roku zaprezentował opublikował cały szereg norm związanych zwłaszcza z problematyką zbiorów informacji dotyczących pochodzących z hodowli i połowu ryb morskich, skorupiaków i małży. Informacje te mają umożliwić pełną identyfikowalność produktów w całym łańcuchu dostaw. Tych zagadnień dotyczy 6 z opublikowanych dotychczas 9 norm. Pozostałe odnoszą się do monitorowania środowiska naturalnego wokół akwakultur, budowy hodowlanych klatek rybnych na morzu oraz monitorowania i przeciwdziałania nadmiernemu rozrostowi liczby wszy morskich towarzyszących farmom rybnym. Zaprezentowano również projekt normy określającej minimalne wymagania dla certyfikacji produktów pochodzących ze zrównoważonego rybołówstwa morskiego.

EN

The article presents one of the younger ISO technical committees - ISO / TC 234, "Fisheries and aquaculture", which this year presented a whole range of published standards relating in particular to the collection of information on issues from farming and fishing saltwater fish, crustaceans and molluscs. This information is intended to allow full traceability of products throughout the supply chain. These issues applicable 6 of 9 previously published standards. Others relate to the environmental monitoring around aquaculture, construction of farmed fish cages at sea and to monitor and prevent excessive proliferation the number of sea lice associated with fish farms. Also presented the draft standard sets out minimum requirements for certification of products coming from sustainable marine fisheries.