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Zastosowania wybranych enzymów z tkanek zwierzęcych w syntezie organicznej i biokatalizie. Część II. Oksydoreduktazy, transferazy, liazy, izomerazy

Hibner H., Ostaszewski R.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2011

[Z] 65, 7-8

585-607

This work shows systematically known types of animal enzymes and their applications in synthesis of pharmaceuticals and nonracemic organic compounds. It lays out similarities in procedures of isolation and purification of particular enzymes. Such procedures usually are so simple that they can be used in every industrial or research laboratory. Most animal enzymes are well-investigated and their structures and substrate specificity are known. They are used as biocatalysts in many chemical processes. Others were used in one or a few reactions but their natural substrates and biochemical properties are described. Trials of predicting potential applications of such enzymes and other substrates for them were performed. Typical applications of: – Oxidoreductases: horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase [3–13], lactate dehydrogenase [16–18], glutamate dehydrogenase [19, 20], carbonyl reductase [24], catalase [27]; – Transferases: transaldolase [29], galactosyltransferase [30], UDP-glucuronosyltransferase [31], fucosyltransferase [34], farnesyl diphosphate synthase [35]; – Lyases: DOPA decarboxylase [38, 39], aldolase [42]; – Isomerases: N-acyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase [44] were described. Also examples of or recombined [24, 39, 44] enzymes are given in the text. These modifications enhance catalytic properties or reduce costs of using enzymes. In practical applications a biocatalytic effect of enzymes from animal sources is often compared with microbial ones. This text is focused on processes where animal enzymes gave much better results (yield and enantioselectivity) than microorganisms. They are also proper, unlike whole microorganisms, to investigate and computer analysis of mechanism of the reaction. Enzymes isolated from animal tissues usually have well-defined structure of active site which is a key to predict mechanisms. A quantitative analysis of applications of these enzymes was performed. Among animal enzymes hydrolases and oxidoreductases have found the most applications in synthesis. Transferases are also often used. Other classes of enzymes seldom act as biocatalysts. It is general tendency, true also in relation to microbial and plant enzymes.

Zastosowanie enzymów w produkcji żywności na przełomie wieków

Warchalewski J.

Przemysł Spożywczy

2001

T. 55, nr 8

40-44

Dokonano przeglądu roli preparowanych enzymów w produkcji żywności u progu XXI w. Na przełomie wieków dynamiczny rozwój enzymologii żywności i biotechnologii stymulował modernizację wielu procesów technologicznych przemysłu spożywczego. Z technologią rekombinowanego DNA wiąże się nadzieje na powstawanie nowych generacji enzymów, których zastosowanie będzie możliwe tam, gdzie do tej pory uważano to za niemożliwe w produkcji żywności. Sugeruje się potrzebę podjęcia intensywnych poszukiwań nowych możliwości zastosowań enzymów w przemyśle spożywczym, które pozwolą osiągnąć wymierne korzyści w zakresie energooszczędnych technologii i ochronie środowiska. W zakończeniu podjęto próbę oceny prognoz kierunku za stosowań enzymów w przemyśle żywnościowym XXI wieku.

The role of enzymes in food production on the verge of XXI century has been reviewed. At the turn of the century dynamic development of food enzymology and biotechnology led to the modernisation of a great number of technological processes in focus industry. It is hoped that recombinant DNA technology will lead to the development of a new generation of enzymes that can perform what is now considered impossible in food industry. Also an intensive approach is needed to open new opportunities for enzyme application that can benefit the food industry in energy saving technologies an environment protection. Finally the prognosis for application in the XXI century of enzymes in food industry is assessed.