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1

The evaluation of the current state of EHF-sensors quality in the technical systems and its improvement

Chovnyuk Y. V., Ivanov E. A., Dovhaljuk V. B., Shyshyna M. A., Gumenjuk Y. O., Sivak I. N.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Quality. Production. Improvement

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2019

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No. 2 (11)

26--40

EN

In the article the function and the scale for the entropy evaluation of the current state of extremely high frequency (EHF-) sensors quality in the various technical systems which fits the requirements of universality and maximal independency from the human factor are offered. One may see such EHF-sensors for the analysis of the quick transformations of the biological liquids properties. It’s high lighted that the available methods of the determination of technical systems’ quality have essential flaws which consist in both subjectivism because the dominant role in the evaluation belongs to experts and legitimacy of providing them properties of universality which was proved by nobody. The scheme of EHF-sensor is analyzed for which one may create an analytical model. The problem of the fields’ determination at the working region of such sensor is discussed. The presented scheme is possible to use for the mathematical model and just for that part of the problem which is devoted to the transformation of the properties of the object. The results of calculation of components of electromagnetic field at the working space of EHF-sensor are discussed. One may estimate the sizes of this space. The offered function of the quality evaluation, the parameter of which is the quantity of own information of the explored sensor, provides the declared universality approach according to the principles of the information theory. The conformity to all requirements for the functions of the evaluation of the quality: continuity, monotonic and smoothness over the whole range of definition regardless of the probability distribution function, which is measured by the random value EHF-sensor was proved. The proposed scale of the entropy evaluation of the quality fits to standard settings of the diagnostic of the technical systems and has three sub ranges which determine the state of the EHF-sensors: good state, up state, and down state. Unlike the existing psychophysical scales the offered scale has dynamic range of the evaluation so the limits of the sub ranges will automatically change depending on the regulatory and technical requirements for the state of the explored EHF-sensor. Such approach provides adaptation of the scale to specific requirements which gives a chance to evaluate the qualitative state of the object more reliably. The results of modeling of the qualitative state of the sensor are given. The possible practical application of the offered function and scale is usage in the systems of monitoring and diagnostic for determination of the current qualitative state of the explored technical system, as well.

2

Effect of circular aperture diffraction on propagation properties of cylindrical vector partially coherent Laguerre–Gaussian beams in turbulent atmosphere

Peng Z., Jia X.

Optica Applicata

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2018

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Vol. 48, nr 3

421--433

EN

On the basis of the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral formula, the analytical formulae for the cross-spectral density matrix of the arbitrary cylindrical vector partially coherent Laguerre–Gaussian beams diffracted by a circular aperture in turbulent atmosphere are derived. The average intensity, the degree of polarization, and the degree of coherence of the apertured cylindrical vector partially coherent beams propagating in turbulent atmosphere are investigated. The analyses indicate that both the beam diffraction effect by a circular aperture and the atmospheric turbulence have a great impact on the beam evolution, polarization and coherence properties of the apertured cylindrical vector partially coherent beams.

3

Analysis of broadband antenna radiation pulses

Cherenkov A., Hutsol T., Garasymchuk I., Pancyr J., Terenov D., Dubyna V.

Agricultural Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 22, No. 1

15--28

EN

Electromagnetic energy can alter metabolic and biosynthetic processes and under certain parameters of pulsed EMF it can change pulse repetition frequency, operation cycle, power, exposure, as well as it can slow down and inhibit cell growth. MW irradiation range of RNA and DNA - containing virus reduces their infectivity. Inhibition of bacterial cultures growth, changes in phagocytic activity of protein biosynthesis, ultrastructural changes in the cells when exposed to EMF EHF. It was found in experiments with micro-organisms that biological effects of EMF on microorganisms wore a resonant character. One of the basic mechanisms of inhibitory action of EHF radiation on harmful microorganisms is the role of membranes in biological reactions of microorganisms on the EMR.

PL

Energia elektromagnetyczna może zmieniać procesy metaboliczne i biosyntezy oraz w pewnych parametrach pulsacyjnego pola elektromagnetycznego - częstość powtórzeń impulsu, cykl pracy, moc, ekspozycję, spowolnić i hamować wzrost komórkowy. Napromieniowanie w zakresie milimetrów RNA i DNA zawierających wirus prowadzi do zmniejszenia ich zakaźności. Hamowanie wzrostu bakteryjnych kultur, zmian aktywności fagocytowej, biosyntez białka, ultrastrukturalnych zmian w komórkach pod wpływem EMF w zakresie ultra-wysokiej częstotliwości. W eksperymentach z mikroorganizmami ustalono, że biologiczny wpływ działania pól elektromagnetycznych na mikroorganizmy był rezonansowy. Jednym z głównych mechanizmów hamowania promieniowania ultra-wysokiej częstotliwości na szkodliwe mikroorganizmy jest rola błon biologicznych w reakcjach mikroorganizmów na EMF. Istotne znaczenie mają zjawiska elektryczne występujące w biomembranach.

4

Features of digital signal processing in the information control systems of multipositional radar

Parhomey I. R., Boiko J. M., Eromenko O. I.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 77, nr 2

75--84

EN

Purpose: This paper presents an algorithm for measuring angular coordinates of objects in the air radar multipositional information control systems in the application of digital microwave a digital HF amplifier in a multipositional system, which is a digital flat antenna array equidistantly. Design/methodology/approach: The algorithm is designed to be factors determining the coordinates of air objects. Conducted a visualization of multi-synthesis process information and control system radar. Synthesized chart the direction of multi-mode radar operation for transmission and reception.

5

A Graph-Based Image Segmentation Approach for Image Classification and Its Application on SAR Images

Sharifi M., Kiani K., Kheirkhahan M.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2013

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R. 89, nr 4

202-205

EN

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for image classification based on Graph-based image segmentation method and apply it on SAR images with satisfactory clustering performance and low computational cost. In this method first, the image pre-processes by mean shift algorithm to cluster into disjoint region, then the segmented regions are represented as a graph structure with all connected neighbourhood, and after that normalized cut method is applied to classify image into defined classes.

XX

W artykule przedstawiono metodę klasyfikacji obrazów, z wykorzystaniem segmentacji metodą grafową. Proponowana rozwiązanie wykorzystano w analizie obrazów SAR.

6

Możliwości oceny apertury szczelin na podstawie analizy danych geofizyki wiertniczej - ujęcie metodyczne

Stadtmüller M., Kowalik J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2012

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nr 182 wyd. konferencyjne

355--359

PL

Proponowany poster przedstawia metodyczne ujęcie zagadnienia oceny apertury (rozwartości) szczelin, obserwowanych na obrazach ścian odwiertu wiertniczego uzyskanych z pomiarów skanerem elektrycznym. Zagadnienie to ma podstawowe znaczenie w opisie formacji złożowych, charakteryzujących się podwójną porowatością (ang. double porosity), w których oprócz klasycznego systemu porowatości intergranularnej, znaczący wkład w procesie przepływu mediów złożowych ma system szczelin oraz jego związek z matrycą skalną. Określenie takich parametrów systemu szczelin, jak: gęstość, kierunek, porowatość i przepuszczalność szczelinowa ma kapitalne znaczenie dla konstrukcji statycznych modeli szczelinowatości (np. discret fracture network modeling) oraz wykonywania wszelkiego typu symulacji złożowych. W pracy autorzy podjęli próbę konstrukcji narzędzia softwarowego w ramach programu pakietu ProGeo oraz przedstawili przykłady interpretacji rzeczywistych pomiarów otworowych.

EN

Poster presents methodical aspects of the fractures aperture observed on the borehole wall images obtained from electric scanner measurements. Discus issue has a fundamental meaning in the reservoir formation characterization, especially in case double porosity presence. Fracture distribution and their features such as: density, direction of propagation, fracture porosity and permeability and connection with rock matrix is essential for constriction of discreet fracture network model and any simulation procedures. Within the study a tool working in ProGeo software environment was created and example based on real well data interpretation is presented.

7

Trójwymiarowa wizualizacja szczelin metodą mikrotomografii rentgenowskiej

Łykowska G.

Nafta-Gaz

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2012

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R. 68, nr 12

959--964

PL

Rentgenowska mikrotomografia komputerowa (micro-CT) jest nieinwazyjną techniką wizualizacyjną, która wykorzystuje promieniowanie rentgenowskie i matematyczne algorytmy do obrazowania wewnętrznej struktury przestrzeni porowej różnych obiektów. Główną zaletą stosowania micro-CT do charakterystyki skał zbiornikowych jest to, że dla jednej próbki otrzymujemy ogromną ilość informacji i zbiór danych przestrzennych w trzech wymiarach. Trójwymiarowy charakter tych danych umożliwia badanie wzajemnych połączeń porów/szczelin, daje również informację o uprzywilejowanych kierunkach dla przepływu mediów złożowych w skale. Jako przykładowe próbki w tym opracowaniu badano skały węglanowe pochodzące z dwóch otworów wiertniczych: A-1 oraz Ł-4. Dla poszczególnych próbek wapieni wykonano akwizycję danych, rekonstrukcję projekcji i trójwymiarową wizualizację obrazu. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań przedstawiają kolejno: zdjęcie badanej próbki, następnie wygenerowaną izopowierzchnię, zrekonstruowany 2D przekrój poprzeczny próbki oraz 3D przekrój przez szczelinę próbki. Dane micro-CT otrzymane dla poszczególnych próbek umożliwiły wykonanie pomiaru rozwartości oraz szerokości wydzielonych szczelin. W kolejnym etapie badań analizowane próbki poddano nasycaniu, a następnie wygrzewaniu do temperatury ok. 80÷90ºC. Przy każdym etapie badań wykonano obrazowanie mikrotomograficzne, a zebrane dane umożliwiły przeprowadzenie porównania obrazów szczelin powstałych pod wpływem różnych czynników.

EN

X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT) is a noninvasive visualization technique that uses X-rays and mathematical algorithms to visualize the internal structure of the pore space of different objects. The main advantage of using micro-CT for the characterization of reservoir rocks is that for a single sample, we get a huge amount of information and spatial data in three dimensions. The three-dimensional nature of the data allows the testing of the interconnection of pores/apertures, it also gives information about the preferred direction for the flow of media in the reservoir rock. As examples carbonate rocks from two boreholes: A-1 and Ł-4 were tested assamples in this study. For individual samples of limestonedata acquisition, reconstruction and three-dimensional visualization of the projection image were performed. The research results show the photos of the sample, then the generated isosurface, the reconstructed 2D cross-sectional sample and the 3D section through the fracture of the sample. Micro-CT data obtained for each sample allowed width measurement of separated fractures. In the next stage of the study, analyzed samples were saturated, and then heated to a temperature of about 80÷90ºC. At each stage of this research micro-CT imaging was performed, and the collected data enabled a comparison of the aperture images formed under the influence of various factors.

8

Korekcja dryftu temperaturowego detektorów mikrobolometrycznych

Olbrycht R., Więcek B.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2009

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R. 55, nr 11

89-893

PL

W pracy przedstawiono nową metodę wyznaczania dryftu temperaturowe-go (ang. offset) mikrobolometrycznych kamer termowizyjnych bez ko-nieczności stosowania migawki, która przesłania obserwowaną scenę. Zamiast migawki zastosowano półprzezroczystą przysłonę, która zmienia poziom energii docierającej do detektora. Metoda zakłada, że w czasie korekcji dryftu temperaturowego kamera "patrzy" na nieruchomy obiekt.

EN

In this paper a new method of temperature drift compensation of microbolometer detectors is presented. Thermal cameras with such detectors are commonly used thanks to relatively low price, small dimensions and no requirement for cooling the detector. Regardless of the microbolometer type, there is a problem of detector temperature drift which is non-uniform over the detector surface. The problem is a result of very high thermal sensitivity of the microbolometer structure which is susceptible to heat coming from surrounding electronics. The most commonly used approach to deal with the problem of temperature drift is use of a mechanical shutter which periodically blocks the observation of scene for the time necessary to perform the correction. The principle of the presented method is based on using an aperture introduced periodically between the detector and the observed scene instead of the shutter. The detector response to the scene radiation with and without the aperture is recorded. Using equation (4), one can calculate the real amount of scene radiation, irrespective of the offset value introduced by the microbolometer temperature drift (equation (5)). This method enables a thermal camera to perform a live offset correction without using a shutter and without interruption of scene observation. Besides of theoretical information about the new method, chosen quantitative results of experiments realized at the Institute of Electronics, Technical University of Lodz are given (Figs. 4 and 5).

9

Beam shaping based on intermediate zone diffraction of a micro-aperture

Zeng D., Sun Z.

Optica Applicata

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2008

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Vol. 38, nr 3

511-517

EN

We analyze optical diffraction of a micro-aperture (slit or hole) in a metal screen in the intermediate zone and report its application for beam focusing and collimating in micro-optics. Both finite-difference time-domain simulations and Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction formula were applied to calculate the intermediate-zone diffraction patterns. It is shown that, by controlling the aperture size, the focal length and depth can be adjusted in a very wide range, from subwavelength to tens of wavelengths, while the focal width maintains in an order of wavelength.

10

Acoustic underlay manufactured from carpet tile wastes. Part 2: Comparative study of optimised underlay with commercial products of similar calibre in accordance to universal standards

Miraftab M., Rushforth I., Horoshenkov K.

Autex Research Journal

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2006

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Vol. 6, no. 1

49--58

EN

Carpet waste has successfully been converted into acoustic underlay materials that compete with commercial counterparts both in terms of performance and costs. This paper builds on an earlier paper [Miraftab et al, Autex Res.J.5(2), 96-105 (2005).] where granular/fibre mixing ratios, binder concentration and particle size distribution were shown to play a major role in maximising impact sound insulation capabilities of developed underlays. Product optimisation with respect to the particle size as governed by the aperture dimension and mean effective fibre length is further explored in this paper, and the developed underlay is compared with a selection of commercially available acoustic underlays. The results show that a 2mm-aperture screen at the granulating chamber output yields a waste stream with grains in the size range of 0.5-1.0mm and a mean effective fibre length of 2.75 mm which was most suitable to work with, and gave rise to samples with the best impact sound reduction performance. The optimised sample of 10mm recycled underlay (U2) appeared to perform better than most commercial systems tested. The manufactured underlay withstood, and in some instances, outperformed, during the standard tests as required within the BS 5808 protocol. The study concludes that recycling carpet waste to produce quality acoustic underlay with desirable impact sound insulation characteristics is technically feasible, and a viable alternative to landfill or incineration.