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1 2017

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Wybrane antybiotyki nukleozydowe

Samaszko-Fiertek J., Dmochowska B., Ślusarz R., Madaj J.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2017

[Z] 71, 1-2

15--32

Every year there has been a growing increase in infections caused by strains of bacteria resistant to multiple drugs. This prompts scientists to search for new antibiotics that would be able to fight these infections. New therapeutics used in medicine, which offer greater hopes are nucleoside antibiotics. They represent a large family of natural compounds exhibiting a variety of biological functions [1]. These include antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, insecticides, immunosuppressants or anticancer properties. These broad-spectrum antibiotics can be divided into three main groups: • antibacterial nucleoside antibiotics, responsible for the inhibition of bacterial translocation of phospho-N-acetylpentapeptides, involved in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria; • antifungal nucleoside antibiotics, which role is to inhibit chitin synthase, or stopping construction of the cell wall of fungi; • antiviral antibiotics nucleoside, their mechanism of action is mainly based on blocking the biosynthesis of proteins by peptide inhibition transferase. In recent years much attention has been focused on the construction, mechanism of action and biosynthesis of antibiotics [1–3]. The development of genetic engineering has opened the way for combinatorial biosynthesis and obtaining new or hybrid compounds. In this work we would like to discuss some of bioactive naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotics, such as tunicamycin (Fig. 6) [19–22], mureidomycin (Fig. 8) [31–34], muramycin (Fig. 9) [36] or capuramycin (Fig. 10) [38].