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1

Removal of typical antibiotics from the symbiotic system of Microcystis aeruginosa and emergent plants

Pang Lidan, Zhou Haidong, Li Mengwei, Zhao Ziming, Xu Xinxuan, Ye Mixuan, Liu Xiaojiang

Environment Protection Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 49, nr 1

5--24

EN

In a simulated urban river system, the conversion and distribution of six typical antibiotics were investigated under the following conditions: no plant, only Microcystis aeruginosa (algae) and algae combined with Juncus effusus, Cyperus alternifolius, and Acorus calamus. Through the calculation of the mass balance, the quantitative distribution of antibiotics in the water phase, sediment, Microcystis aeruginosa, and plant tissues, and the total elimination efficiency of the antibiotics were determined. The results showed that higher concentrations of sulfathiazole (STZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) were detected in the water phase of the non-plant group, which were 52.81% and 56.88%, respectively, and ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TCY) were detected higher in the sediment, up to 1562 ng/g and 1829 ng/g, respectively. The antibiotic removal rates have been greatly improved, and those in the system containing Microcystis aeruginosa were higher than that in the system without aquatic plants or algae. The calculation of the mass balance showed that the removal effect of algae combined with Juncus effusus was the best, and the removal rates (azithromycin (AZM) and clarithromycin (CLM)) were the highest, reaching 68.88% and 61.96%. It seems that algae and plants play an important role in the removal of antibiotics.

2

A brief review of fluconazole as an antifungal agent and the need for research into its nanoformulation

Nagaraj S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 114, nr 2

81--85

EN

Purpose: Antifungals compounds have gained significant attention, and in this context, fluconazole as an antifungal is used predominantly, and the use of a nanoformulated form of this is discussed. Design/methodology/approach: Fluconazole, an FDA-approved antibiotic, is an effective antimicrobial especially used to treat fungal infections. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it contains fluoride with triazole functionality. Its efficacy against various types of fungus is demonstrated. Findings: Although it is one of the effective antibiotics, its side effects are well documented, and due to this, many techniques are tried to improve its efficacy with lesser side effects. Research limitations/implications: In this respect, nanoparticles play a crucial role, and many studies worldwide are carried out on this aspect. Among many nano techniques use of chitosan as well as lipid carriers of fluconazole are being considered. However, systematic studies are warranted to take this aspect into clinical trials. Practical implications: Nano-based platforms seem to be an alternating hope to combat resistance and side effect. Originality/value: A thorough study is the need of the hour to devise a proper nano-based strategy of fluconazole.

3

Development of Daphnia magna under exposure to ampicillin

Vo T.-M.-C., Pham N.-H., Nguyen T.-D., Bui M.-H., Dao T.-S.

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2018

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Vol. 11, no. 3

147-152

EN

In this study, the chronic effects of Ampicillin on survival, reproduction and growth of Daphnia magna was monitored during 21 days exposure test. The results showed that Ampicillin strongly affected on life history traits of Daphnia magna, i.e. 47% reduction of survival proportion, lower 68% reproduction than the control, and reduction in body length and in the intrinsic population rate, especially at its highest concentration. The antibiotics especially Ampicillin should be included int the Vietnam guidelines for environmental and ecological protection.

4

Alexander Fleming - odkrywca penicyliny

Michałkiewicz M.

Technologia Wody

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2017

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Nr 2 (52)

14--20

PL

Alexander Fleming urodził się6 maja 1881 r. w Lichfield (Szkocja). Po ukończeniu politechniki studiował medycynę w Szkole Medycznej przy szpitalu św. Marii w Londynie. Po skończeniu medycyny w 1906 r. rozpoczął badania w szpitalu św. Marii pod kierownictwem Sir Almroth’a Wright’a (1861-1947), wybitnego specjalisty od szczepionek. W 1928 roku otrzymał tytuł profesora bakteriologii na uniwersytecie w Londynie', a w 1948 r. nadano mu tytuł Emerytowanego Profesora Bakteriologii Uniwersytetu Londyńskiego. W 1921 r. odkrył w tkankach i wydzielinach istotną substancję, bakteriobójczą, którą nazwał lizozymem. W 1928 r. Alexander Fleming odkrył penicylinę, a w 1940 r. Howard Florey i Ernst Chain przystąpili do badań nad penicyliną i ustalili przyczynę jej nietrwałości. Wykorzystując nowe techniki chemiczne byli w stanie wyprodukować stężona, trwała i częściowo oczyszczona penicylinę, która zabijała liczne mikroorganizmy, a nie niszczyła komórek ustroju. A. Fleming, H. Florey i E. Chain wspólnie otrzymali Nagrodę Nobla w dziedzinie medycyny w 1945 r. za .”odkrycie penicyliny i jej działanie lecznicze w różnych chorobach zakaźnych”. Fleming zmarł 11 marca 1955 roku i został pochowany w katedrze św. Pawła w Londynie.

EN

Alexander Fleming was born at Lochfield (Scot land), on August 6th, 1881. He excelled in school and entered St. Mary’s Hospital in London to study medicine. He qualified with distinction in 1906 and began research at St. Mary’s under Sir Almroth Wright, a pioneer in vaccine therapy. He was elected Professor of the School in 1928 and Emeritus Professor of bacteriology, University of London in 1948. In 1921, he discovered in tissues and secretions an important bacteriolytic substance which he named Lysozyme. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. In 1940 Howard Florey and Ernst Chain began working with penicillin. Using new chemical techniques, they were able to produce a brown powder that kept its antibacterial power for longer than a few days. They experimented with the powder and found it to be safe. A. Fleming, H. Florey and E. Chain jointly received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1945 “for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases”. Fleming died on March 11th in 1955 and is buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral.

5

The antibiotic induction of apoptotic - like changes in bacteria E. coli - GFP encapsulated in hollow fibers

Kawiak J., Granicka L., Żołnierowicz J., Weryński A.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 28, no. 2

95-100

EN

Encapsulation of bacteria in a semipermeable polymer membrane gives a lot of technological possibilities. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of bacteria encapsulated in hollow fibers when treated with chosen antibiotic. The antibiotic application may cause release of biologically active substances for which production the bacteria may be genetically modified. The encapsulated in HF bacteria Escherichia coli transfected with pQE-GFP (green fluorescent protein) plasmid were incubated with addition of gentamycin or tetracycline. The encapsulated in hollow fibers E. coli culture with addition of tetracycline proves the tetracycline impact on the bacteria viability increasing the necrotic bacteria share. Polypropylene modified membranes allow to avoid permeation of the bacteria through the membrane wall. E. coli encapsulated in HF may be used in future, in systems releasing the therapeutic factor.

6

Farmaceutyki - nowe zanieczyszczenie środowiska

Nałęcz-Jawecki G.

Przegląd Komunalny

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2007

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nr 9

20-22

PL

Leki są niezbędnym składnikiem współczesnej cywilizacji. Wprowadzenie antybiotyków w połowie XX w. uratowało wiele milionów istnień ludzkich i spowodowało wzrost średniej długości życia człowieka o wiele lat. Jednak w latach 90. XX w. zdano sobie sprawę, iż leki mogą mieć także ujemny wpływ na współczesny świat.

7

Antybakteryjne włókna ciągłe z poli(tereftalanu etylenowego) do zastosowań medycznych

Karbownik I.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Włókiennictwo / Politechnika Łódzka

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2005

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z. 61

33-43

PL

Opracowano metodą otrzymywania antybakteryjnych nici chirurgicznych z poli(tereftalanu etylenowego) PET, na które są wrażliwe bakterie Gram+ i Gram- (gronkowiec złocisty, pałeczka okrężnicy i pałeczka ropy błękitnej). Metoda ta, to dwustopniowa modyfikacja jedwabiu skręconego lub nici chirurgicznych "plecionka", polegająca na wprowadzeniu do nich grup karboksylowych metodą szczepienia, a następnie napawanie tych wyrobów roztworami antybiotyków: z grupy cefalosporyn (Biotrakson) i linkosamidów (Dalacin). Wykonano badania fizyko - chemiczne modyfikowanego jedwabiu PET oraz stwierdzono, że modyfikowane nici chirurgiczne zawierające antybiotyk powodują gojenie się rany bez wysięków i bez stanów zapalnych.

EN

A method of obtaining antibacterial surgical PET threads that would be sensitive to Gram+ and Gram- bacteriae (S.aureus, E.coli and P.aeruginosa) was obtained. The method consists of the incorporation of carboxylic groups into fibres f poly(acrylic acid) PAA grafting copolymerization followed by fibre impregnation with Biotrakson or Dalacin solutions. A method of grafting was used, in which very slightly or not at all can side effects be observed. Infrared studies proved the chemical characted of the bond between the PET fibre and the antibiotic. Moreover, moisture sorption, swelling, elongation tenacity and tenacity in the loop of the modified threads were studied as well. The modified fibres show effective biocide liberation into NaCl solution and antibacterial activity towards Gram positive and Gram negative microorganism (S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa). Antibiotics released from surgical threads are easily incorporated into the tissue environment and in the environment infected by S. aureus, these modified surgical treads with antibiotics, make a wound heal with neither effusions nor inflammations.

8

Application of scanning microscopy and X-ray microanalysis for description of the admixture surgical cements fracture

Balin A., Sozańska M., Toborek J., Gajda Z.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

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2001

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Vol. 2, Part. 2

MT75--MT83

EN

The work presents computer based methods of biomaterial testing. The researches attempt at description of the admixture cement fracture using the methods of the X-ray microanalysis and the electron scanning microscopy. The low cycle fatigue investigations of the surgical cement Palacos R with PMMA base with and without admixtures of fine grained powder Al2O3 and new generation antibiotic (III generation cefalosporin) have been carried out. The elaborated method proved to be suitable for identification of structure elements in surgical cement modified with ceramic and antibiotic particles. The obtained results proved that fracture surface of cement Palacos R with and without admixtures after low cycle fatigue have been mixed – partial brittle and partial ductile. The fracture process have been arrived through separation of the material on the border of the admixture particles and the matrix.

9

Antybakteryjny jedwab poliestrowy zawierający dalacin

Bucheńska J., Słomkowski S., Tazbir J., Sobolewska E.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Chemia / Politechnika Śląska

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1999

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z. 140

267-270

PL

Badania były skierowane na rozwój użytecznych metod modyfikacji jedwabiu poliestrowego w celu zastosowania tego materiału do implantacji. Modyfikacja, przebiegająca w procesie dwuetapowym, pozwala uzyskać jedwab zawierający antybiotyk z grupy linkozamidów. Stwierdzono, że jedwab taki ma właściwości antybakteryjne. Zbadano kinetykę uwalniania biocydu. Wyniki analizowano w oparciu o równania kinetyczne różnych modeli uwalniania. Przeprowadzone badania in vitro pokazały, że modyfikowane włókna wykazują właściwości antybakteryjne w stosunku do Staphylococcus aureus.

EN

Our studies were directed towards development of methods suitable for modification of polyester silk in a way allowing to use it as an implant material. Modification, in a two step process, gave silk loaded with antibiotic from the group of lincosamides and it was found that such silk has antibacterial properties. There was investigated kinetics of release of the biocid. Data were analyzed using kinetic equations corresponding to various models of release. Studies in vitro revealed that the modified fibers had biocidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus.