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Does hydrogen-rich water mitigate MP toxicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss)? Monitoring with hematology, DNA damage, and apoptosis via ROS/GSH/MDA pathway

Atamanalp Muhammed, Kırıcı Muammer, Köktürk Mine, Kirici Mahinur, Alwazeer Duried, Kocaman Esat Mahmut, Ucar Erzu, Parlak Veysel, Özcan Sinan, Alak Gonca

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2023

Vol. 52, No. 2

206--220

Although the number of studies documenting the presence of Microplastics (MP) in fish is increasing, research studies focused on its detoxification are very limited. In this study, rainbow trout ( Oncorhyncus mykiss) were randomly divided into two groups after being fed with MPs (15% polypropylene [PP] +15% polyethylene [PE]) for 2 months. MP excretion without any application (PP+PE) in group I fish, and excretion of MPs with hydrogen-rich water (HRW) application (PP+PE+HRW) in group 2 were investigated under semi-static conditions for 21 days. This effectwas also compared by using positive and negative control groups (Control[no treatment, free PP, PE or/and HRW] and only HRW group). In thisdirection, the following were determined: PP+PE chronic toxicity in aquatic organisms, the toxicity mechanism and the effect of HRW as a possibletreatment method in blood tissue; with hematological indices ([RBC count [RBC], leukocyte count [WBC], hemoglobin value [Hb], hematocrit ratio [Hct], platelet count [PLT], hemoglobin count per erythrocyte [MCHC],mean hemoglobin amount per erythrocyte [MCH] and mean erythrocyte volume [MCV]) in other tissues (liver, gill and brain tissue) oxidative stress response (catalase [CAT]), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen products (ROS), malondialdehyde ([MDA] levels), DNA damage (8-OHdG: 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine), and the apoptosis (caspase 3) levels were investigated. In addition, acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity, which is important in neurotoxicity pathways in the brain, wasdetermined. The presence of plastics (PP/PE) in target tissues (muscle, liver,gill and gastrointestinal tract) was also obtained.The results showed that PP+PE caused toxicity in all three tissues. MPs showed an inhibiting effect on antioxidant enzyme activities and an inductive effect on MDA, ROS, 8-OHdG, and caspase 3 levels. HRW showed a mitigating effect on MP-mediated toxicity in O. mykiss brain, blood, gill, and liver by controlling the ROS/ GSH/MDA pathway. HRW can be suggested as a cost-effective and eco-friendly curative for the protection of fish from the oxidative damages produced by the ingestion of microplastics.

Wytłoki owocowe jako dodatek do kruchych ciastek

Siemianowska E., Wesołowski A., Barszcz A., Radzymińska M., Aljewicz M., Tyburski J.

Przemysł Spożywczy

2016

T. 70, nr 10

41--45

Wytłoki owocowe pozostałe po produkcji soków to bogate źródło substancji bioaktywnych o działaniu prozdrowotnym. W ramach projektu z przetwórstwa ekologicznego wypieczono kruche ciastka z dodatkiem wytłoków truskawek, malin, aronii, czarnej porzeczki i jabłek. Do wypieku użyto mąki jasnej i ciemnej z prastarych odmian pszenicy: samopszy, płaskurki, orkiszu jarego i orkiszu ozimego. Po czterech dniach od wypieku wykonano ocenę sensoryczną ciastek, oznaczono aktywność antyoksydacyj ną, parametry przechowalnicze, takie jak wilgotność i aktywność wody, oraz wybrane właściwości mechaniczne. Dodatek wytłoków owocowych w sposób zróżnicowany wpływał na twardość ciastek, ale nie powodował znacznego pogorszenia parametrów sensorycznych i przechowalniczych. Oznaczono wysoką aktywność antyoksydacyjną wszystkich ciastek wynoszącą 52,5-66,5%. Wykazano, że możliwe jest wzbogacenie kruchych ciastek wytłokami owocowymi nawet o 30% bez znacznego pogorszenia ich cech teksturalnych.

Pomace, resulting after juice production, is abundant in bioactive substances with pro-health activity. So, it can be used as valuable component of shortcakes. Within the ecologic processing project, the shortcakes with addition of 10, 20 and 30% of strawberry, raspberry, black chokeberry, black currant and apple pomace were baked. White and brown flours of old wheat varieties: einkorn wheat, emmer wheat and spring and winter spelt were used. Sensory assessment of the cakes was performed, and antioxidant activity, preservation properties: moisture, water activity, four days of baking were determined. Addition of the pomace differently influenced the shortcakes hardness but it did not cause a considerable sensory and preservation parameters. High antioxidant activity at the level of 52.5-66.5% was determined. It has been proved that enrichment of the shortcakes with pomace, even at a level of 30%, is possible without considerable worsening their textural properties.