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1

Defense responses of the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to the vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles

Kalehjahi Hanifeh Akbarian, Kosari-Nasab Morteza, Amini Mojtaba, Movafeghi Ali

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2023

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Vol. 52, No. 4

446--460

EN

Although vanadium-based nanomaterials have found extensive use in industry, their influence on ecosystems and living organisms is not yet well investigated. In this study, hydrothermal methods were utilized for the synthesis of vanadium pentoxide nanoparticles (V2O5 NPs). The gained NPs were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, EDS, DLS, SEM and TEM techniques. Subsequently, the toxic effects of V2O5 NPs on the model green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris were evaluated. According to the obtained results, V2O5 NPs caused a significant reduction in cell number and biomass production of algae in a dose and time dependent manner. Moreover, flow cytometric analysis confirmed a reduction in the quantity of living cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed plasmolysis and deformation of the cells after exposure to nanoparticles. The photosynthetic pigments and phenolics content exhibited a decrease in comparison with the control sample. Although, non-enzymatic antioxidant system in C. vulgaris displayed an average action, antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) showed a dose dependent increasing trend. These intercellular reactions designated the activation of the antioxidant defense system in response to the induced oxidative stress by V2O5 NPs.

2

Inter-clutch egg differences and androgenesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)

Polonis Marcin, Błaszczyk Agata, Jagiełło Krzysztof, Panasiak Ligia, Dobosz Stefan, Ocalewicz Konrad

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 2

160--168

EN

Ionizing radiation (IR) is applied to inactivate the nuclear genome in rainbow trout eggs during induced androgenetic development. However, IR-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) may affect developmental potential of eggs and reduce the effectiveness of androgenesis. To verify this assumption, androgenetic development of rainbow trout was induced in eggs irradiated with 350 Gy of X-rays. Survival rates, pH of the ovarian fluid and activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, CAT and GPx, were examined in non-irradiated and irradiated eggs originating from four females. Survival rates of androgenetic embryos developing in eggs produced by different females varied from 1% to 57% and these inter-clutch differences were significant. Eggs from female F4, which showed the highest developmental competence for androgenesis, also showed increased activities of SOD, CAT and GPx enzymes. The pH value of the ovarian fluid of each female was over 8 before and after irradiation, therefore it seems that radiation did not affect the ovarian fluid pH. Considering the above-mentioned inter-clutch differences, a strong maternal effect on the effectiveness of androgenesis can be assumed. Eggs with increased activity of antioxidant enzymes before irradiation should be expected to show increased developmental competence for androgenesis.

3

Porównanie aktywności wybranych enzymów antyoksydacyjnych roślin drzewiastych Pinus sylvestris i Quercus robur na infekcje patogenami grzybowymi

Skwarek M., Witczak A., Patykowski J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

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T. 95, nr 9

1811--1814

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych porównujących reakcje obronne dwóch gatunków drzew na infekcję patogenem grzybowym. Oznaczono aktywności enzymów antyoksydacyjnych oraz zidentyfikowano izoformy peroksydazy (POX) i dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej (SOD). Stwierdzono wzrost aktywności POX i SOD w zainfekowanych igłach sosny zwyczajnej i liściach dębu szypułkowego, w porównaniu z próbami kontrolnymi. Na podstawie wyników badań doświadczalnych sformułowano wniosek, że uruchomienie mechanizmu obronnego w postaci wzrostu aktywności enzymów antyoksydacyjnych świadczy o aktywnej odpowiedzi na infekcję patogenem grzybowym.

EN

Lophoderium pinastri-infected needles and Erysiphe alphitoides-infected oak leaves were collected in a mixed fresh forest at Spała (Poland) and studied for activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the seedlings. A defensive action against fungal pathogens was confirmed.

4

Reconstruction of Wetland Zones: Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Salix variegata to Winter Submergence — A Case Study from Water Level Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Miao L., Xiao F., Xu W., Yang F.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 1

45--52

EN

The Salix variegata Franch. seedlings planted in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) water level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) could survive after experiencing several seasons of winter submergence. We investigated the recovery mechanisms of S. variegata seedlings planted at the elevation of 168 m and 172 m in the TGR WLFZ after winter submergence. The results indicated that winter submergence caused some impacts on S. variegata seedlings with increases of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions radical (O2-.), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreases of antioxidant enzymatic systems during recovery stage after winter submergence. However, further analyses of relative water content (RWC), pigment content, proline content, carbohydrate content and several other antioxidant enzymatic activities (catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-POD)) showed that S. variegata seedlings were well recovered after winter submergence. These results indicate that S. variegata possesses strong winter submergence tolerance and adaptation to the specific hydrological environment in the TGR WLFZ. Therefore, S. variegata should be popularized as native tree species during the revegetation in the TGR WLFZ.

5

The he indicators of oxidant – antioxidant balance in patients performed hyperbaric oxygenation

Paprocki J., Sutkowy P., Krzyżańska-Malinowska E., Piechocki J., Woźniak A.

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2013

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nr 2(43)

23--38

EN

The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the activity of selected antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the peripheral blood of 19 patients was studied. Venous blood was taken before entrance to hyperbaric chamber and about 5 minutes after exit from it. Obtained results were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test. The changes of the level p<0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Patients were additionally selected into two groups, each of five persons: patients who stayed into hyperbaric chamber no more than 3 times - the group I and patients who was performed HBO many times (more than 23 treatments) - group II. No statistically significant changes in level of TBARS in erythrocytes and blood plasma in both groups were revealed. TBARS concentration in blood plasma of patients in group II was higher by 27% (p<0.05) than in group I before the procedure into hyperbaric chamber. HBO did not cause statistically significant changes in the activity of SOD and GPx in erythrocytes of subjects. The CAT activity in the erythrocytes of patients from group I decreased by approximately 19% (p<0.05) after exit from hyperbaric chamber. Before HBO more than two times higher GPx activity in erythrocytes of subjects from group I as compared to group II was found (p<0.01). The study have revealed that HBO affects generation of reactive oxygen species but does not act directly the intensity of lipid peroxidation process. Frequent stimulation with hyperbaric oxygen changes the antioxidant response of the organism.

PL

Zbadano wpływ hiperbarii tlenowej (HBO) na stężenie substancji reagujących z kwasem tiobarbiturowym (TBARS) oraz aktywność wybranych enzymów antyoksydacyjnych: dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej (SOD), katalazy (CAT) i peroksydazy glutationowej (GPx) we krwi obwodowej 19 chorych. Krew żylną do badań pobrano przed wejściem do komory hiperbarycznej oraz ok. 5 min po wyjściu z niej. Uzyskane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej z wykorzystaniem testu T-Studenta. Za istotne statystycznie uznano różnice przy poziomie p<0,05. Wśród chorych wyodrębniono dodatkowo dwie pięcioosobowe grupy: osoby, które do momentu przeprowadzenia eksperymentu przebywały w komorze hiperbarycznej nie więcej niż 3 razy - grupa I oraz chorzy, którzy wiele razy (ponad 23 zabiegi) korzystali z HBO grupa II. Nie wykazano po zabiegu HBO istotnych statystycznie zmian poziomu TBARS w erytrocytach i w osoczu krwi, w żadnej z grup. Stężenie TBARS w osoczu krwi osób z grupy II było przed zabiegiem w komorze hiperbarycznej wyższe o 27% (p<0,05), niż w grupie I. HBO nie wywołała znamiennych statystycznie zmian aktywności SOD i GPx w erytrocytach osób badanych. Aktywność CAT w erytrocytach osób z grupy I natomiast obniżyła się o ok. 19% (p<0,05) po wyjściu z komory hiperbarycznej. Przed HBO wykazano ponad dwa razy wyższą aktywność GPx w erytrocytach osób z grupy I w porównaniu z grupą II (p<0,01). Badania wykazały, że HBO wpływa na generację reaktywnych form tlenu, bezpośrednio jednak nie oddziałuje na intensywność procesu peroksydacji lipidów. Częsta stymulacja tlenem hiperbarycznym zmienia odpowiedź antyoksydacyjną organizmu.

6

Wpływ zanieczyszczeń środowiska na kondycję zdrowotną człowieka

Bombolewska K., Dróżdż J., Koim-Puchowska B.

Archiwum Gospodarki Odpadami i Ochrony Środowiska

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2013

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Vol. 15, nr 1

63--68

7

The effect of traumatic acid on the growth, metabolite content and antioxidant activity in Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimm. (Lemnaceae)

Pietryczuk A., Czerpak R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2012

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Vol. 41, No. 1

24-34

EN

The research presented here was conducted in order to determine the influence of exogenous traumatic acid (TA) on the growth, metabolism, and antioxidative activity of vascular water plant, Wolffia arrhiza Wimm. The research was concerned with TA influences, in concentrations of 10^-8 M – 10^-4 M, on fresh W. arrhiza, and on primary metabolites, such as monosaccharides, proteins, chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids. It was determined that TA causes a substantial increase in these metabolites compared to the control, especially at concentrations of 10^-7 – 10^-6 M. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins (SDS-PAGE) was conducted in order to specify in more detail the qualitative changes in proteins, whose synthesis is stimulated by TA. Under the influence of TA W. arrhiza cells saw an induction of de novo synthesis of 3 proteins with molecular weights of 10, 58, and 90 kDa. It was proven that 10^-7 – 10^-6 M concentrations of TA also increase photosynthesis intensity and the activity of antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase). In cells treated with exogenous TA, lipids' peroxidation decreases (expressed as a drop in malonyl dialdehyde) and sulfhydryl (SH) groups in proteins increase. Based on our research, TA plays an important role in the regulation of growth and metabolism in W. arrhiza. Our results also show that TA possibly participates in the activation of antioxidant enzymes and its probable participation in the metabolic responses of lower water plants to oxidative stresses.

8

Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure on antioxidant system activities and proline content in Kandelia candel

Song H., Wang Y-S., Sun C-C., Wu M-L., Peng Y-L., Deng C., Li Q.P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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Vol. 40, No.3

9-18

EN

The antioxidant system effects of Kandelia candel were investigated under four different levels of PAH stress. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), the responses to the change of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and the accumulation of proline in K. candel were determined. Our results suggested that the activities of SOD, CAT, POD increased significantly in leaves and roots of K. candel (p≤0.05) with the increase of the external PAH concentrations, while in stems, the activities of these antioxidant enzymes were all significantly inhibited (p≤0.01). We also observed an increase of MDA in leaves, stems and roots, and an obvious correlation between MDA content and PAH concentrations in three locations, which showed that the change of MDA content could be used as a biomarker of K. candel under PAH stress. The proline content was found remarkably enhanced in leaves, stems and roots. However, a significant inverse correlation was observed between the proline content and SOD (r=-0.99, p≤0.01), POD (r=-0.95, p≤0.05) activities in stems. This study suggested that the antioxidative system of K. candel has an obvious organ-dependent feature when exposed to PAH contamination as revealed by discriminant analysis (DA).

9

Effect of deltamethrin on the antioxidant system of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast

Krzepiłko A.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2007

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Vol. 14, nr 2

191-196

EN

: Pyrethroids are compounds commonly used as insecticides in agriculture and in households. The subject of this study was the effect of deltamethrin -(S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(1R)-cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate on the survival rate of mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast with an altered antioxidant system. The experiments were conducted on a wild strain of yeast and on mutants with an altered antioxidant system: sod1 without cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity, sod2 without mitochondńal superoxide dismutase activity and sod1sod2 with no activity of either dismutase, cttlctal with no catalase activity, and also the mutant C4 with a lowered level of glutathione. The criterion for measuńng sensitivity of the yeast to this pyrethroid was the cells' ability to form colonies. The results of the studies on the survival rate of mutants suggest that the enzyme superoxide dismutase plays a key role in protecting cells from the toxicity of deltamethrin. When catalase and superoxide dismutase activity was studied in extracts of wild strain yeast cells, a reduction in the activity of these enzymes was found in cells constantly exposed to the action of deltamethrin. These results suggest that pyrethroids affect the activity of the antioxidant system of yeast cells. A reduction in catalase and dismutase activity in wild strain yeast cells could be the result of long-term stress caused by the presence of deltamethrin in the medium.

PL

Pyretroidy to związki zaliczane do insektycydów, powszechnie stosowane w rolnictwie i gospodarstwach domowych. Celem prezentowanej pracy było zbadanie wpływu deltametryny (S)-alpha-cyano-3-fenoxybenzylo(1R)-cis-3-(2,2-dibromowinylo)-2,2-dimetylocyclopropanokarboksylanu na przeżywalność mutantów drożdży Saccharomyces cerevisiae o zmienionym systemie antyoksydacyjnym. Doświadczenia przeprowadzono na dzikim szczepie drożdży i mutantach o zmienionym systemie antyoksydacyjnym: sodl pozbawionym aktywności cytosolowej dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej, sod2 pozbawionym aktywności mitochondrialnej dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej i sodlsod2 pozbawionym aktywności obu dysmutaz, mutancie cttlctal pozbawionym aktywności katalaz, a także mutancie C4 o obniżonym poziomie glutationu. Miarą wrażliwości drożdży na ten pyretroid była zdolność komórek do wytworzenia kolonii. Wyniki badań nad przeżywalnością mutantów sugerują, że enzym dysmutaza ponadtlenkowa pełni kluczową rolę w ochronie komórek przed toksycznością deltametryny. Badając aktywność katalazy i dysmutazy ponadtlenkowej w ekstraktach komórek dzikiego szczepu drożdży, stwierdzono obniżenie aktywności tych enzymów w komórkach ciągle narażonych na działanie deltametryny. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że pyretroidy wpływają na aktywność systemu antyoksydacyjnego komórek drożdży. Obniżenie aktywności katalazy i dysmutazy w komórkach dzikiego szczepu drożdży może być wynikiem długotrwałego stresu powodowanego obecnością deltametryny w pożywce.

10

Are phenolic compounds essential in protection of red cabbage seedlings against copper stress?

Posmyk M.M., Osmańska J., Janas K.M.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2005

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Vol. 12, nr 10

1113-1119

EN

Red cabbage seedlings were grown in presence of copper at different concentrations with L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase inhibitor, 2-amino-2-indanephosphonic acid (AIP) at concentration 5 M. Copper increased anthocyanins accumulation but together with AIP blocked anthocyanin synthesis and significantly decreased the level of soluble phenolic and synapoil esters, in red cabbage. Lipid peroxidation occurred when the plants were treated with AIP and stressed by carrer. In seedlings treated with 2.5 mM CuSO4 solution rapid and significant SOD and APX activity increase were observed whereas catalase activity diminished. When seedlings were grown in presence of the lower Cu[to 2+] concentrations increase in SOD activity was delayed by 3 days. An increased APX activity did not prevent peroxidation in the tested seedlings. These results may suggest an important role of phenolics in protection of red cabbage seedlings against copper stress.

PL

Siewki kapusty czerwonej rosły w obecności inhibitora amoniakoliazy L-fenyloalaniny, kwasu 2-aminoindan-2-fosfoniowego (AIP) 5 M. W siewkach rosnących w obecności jonów miedzi zwiększała się zawartość antocyjanów, lecz poziom tych związków był zahamowany, gdy siewki rosły wobec Cu[do 2+] z dodatkiem AIP. AIP wraz z miedzią hamowały zawartość estrów kwasu synapilowego i rozpuszczalnych fenoli w siewkach. Miedź z AOP powodowały zwiększenie utleniania błon komórkowych. W siewkach rosnących wobec 2,5 mM CU2+ następował wzrost aktywności SOD i APX, podczas gdy aktywność katalazy obniżała się. Natomiast kiedy siewki rosły wobec mniejszych stężeń Cu[do 2+] wzrost aktywności SOD był opóźniony o 3 dni. Wzrost aktywności APX nie przeszkadzał utlenieniu błon komórkowych siewek rosnących wobec miedzi. Wyniki mogą sugerować ważną rolę antocyjnaów i estrów synapilowych w tolerancji siewek kapusty czerwonej na stres miedzi.