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Wpływ kształtu reaktora i parametrów ekstrakcji podkrytycznej na jakość ekstraktów otrzymanych z kory dębu (Quercus robur L.)

Kamiński Piotr, Tyśkiewicz Katarzyna, Fekner Zygmunt, Kobus Zbigniew, Gruba Marcin

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 6

695--710

PL

Zaprojektowano ekstraktor (40 L) do pozyskiwania polifenoli i flawonoidów z kory dębu (Quercus robur L.) za pomocą wody w warunkach podkrytycznych. Aktywność antyoksydacyjną oceniano metodą zmiatania rodnika 2,2-difenylo-1-pikrylohydrazylowego DPPH. Do analizy ekstraktów wykorzystano spektrofotometrię UV-Vis. Stwierdzono istotną korelację między temperaturą procesu a jakością ekstraktu. Zarówno całkowita zawartość polifenoli i flawonoidów, jak i aktywność antyoksydacyjna wzrastały wraz ze wzrostem temp. odpowiednio do 117,2°C, 116,5°C i 123,2°C. Dalszy wzrost temperatury powodował pogorszenie jakości ekstraktu. Doświadczenia prowadzono wg planu Boksa i Behnkena.

EN

An extn. cell (40 L) was designed for obtaining polyphenols and flavonoids from bark of oak (Quercus robur L.) with water under subcrit. conditions. The antioxidant activity was assessed by using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. The UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used for anal. of the exts. A high correlation between process temp. and ext. quality was found. Both total contents of polyphenols and flavonoids as well as the antioxidant activity increased with increasing temp. up to 117.2°C, 116.5°C, and 123.2°C, resp. Further increase in temp. resulted in deterioration of the ext. quality. The expts. were carried out according to the Box-Behnken method.

2

Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial an Antioxidant Activity of Ammi visnaga L. Extracts

Mgamat Fouzia, Haida Sara, Oubihi Asmae, El Ibaoui Hamid, Kribii Abderahim, El Ayadi Rachida, Hmouni Driss

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 3

21--27

EN

Ammi visnaga L. extracts were examined for the presence of phytochemicals, antimicrobial activities, and scavenging potentials. The aerial part of this plant underwent warm extraction using three different solvents: hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and reducing sugars in the ethanolic extract. In the dichloromethane extract, polyphenols and glycosides were identified, while in the hexane extract, polyphenols, flavonoids, and glycosides were detected. Antimicrobial activity was determined using disc diffusion method. Results indicate that the dichloromethane extract exhibited the largest zone of inhibition, measuring 10 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded as 10 μL/mL, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was below 10 μL/mL. However, no antimicrobial activity was observed against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Additionally, antioxidant activity was examined using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyle) assay. The ethanolic extract demonstrated the highest antioxidant power with an IC50 value of 0.843 ± 0.199 mg/mL against 0.095 ± 0.009 mg/mL of ascorbic acid which is used as a reference.

3

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Cannabis sativa L. Flowers from the Ketama Region in Northern Morocco

Ahidar Naoufal, Labhar Amina, Benamari Omar, Ahari Mhamed, Salhi Amin, Elyoussfi Abdellah, Amhamdi Hassan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 1

209-215

EN

Within the framework of Bill No.13-21 on the legal use of cannabis in Morocco, we studied the Cannabis sativa L. plant, known as ‘Beldeya,’ grown in the Ketama region of northern Morocco. In the present study, phytochemical screening, a quantitative study on ethanol, chloroform, and hexane extracts of cannabis flowers, and a study of antioxidant potential were carried out. In all three extracts, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of different kinds of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, anthocyanins, tannins, and reducing sugars. The Folin-Ciocalteu technique was used to measure the total amount of polyphenols, and the results showed that the total amount of polyphenols varied from 1.802 mg to 2.225 mg of gallic acid equivalent (EqAG). Flavonoid assay with Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) revealed that all three extracts contained flavonoids, ranging from 0.242 mg to 0.442 mg quercetin equivalent (EqQ). Using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reduction test, antioxidant activity was evaluated. The results obtained show that the ethanolic extract exhibited superior activity, with an IC50 value of 231.39 μg/ml, followed by the hexanic and chloroformic extracts, having IC50 values of 376.40 μg/ml and 769.60 μg/ml, respectively.

4

Geographical Origin and Solvent Type Impact on Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton Grown in El Menzel – Morocco – Insights into Bioactivity and Applications

Tlemcani Sara, El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Hmamou Anouar, Lahkimi Amal, Touijer Hanane, Kara Mohammed, Idrissi Amine Mounadi, Bekkari Hicham

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

168--177

EN

Geographical origin and environmental factors have a significant impact on the constituents and the biological properties of medicinal and aromatic plants. Herein, the Inula viscosaplant grown in El Menzel – Morocco were investigated with a focus on the impact of geographical province and solvent type on the mass yield and the biological activities of plant extracts. Chemical composition was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antimicrobial activity was determined using the disk diffusion method and the microdilution test against eight clinical fungal, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The chemical composition results showed that the plant has good nutritional quality in terms of protein, carbohydrates, lipids and dietary fiber. In fact, alkaloids and saponisides are the most predominant chemical compounds in Inula vuscosa. Meanwhile, eighty volatile compounds were identified, representing 95% of the total essential oil content, the main component of which is tetra-pentacontane (11.26%). Furthermore, results showed high antioxidant activity, with efficacy increasing in the order: essential oil > chloroform extract > ethereal extract > ethanolic extract. In addition, both chloroformic extract and essential oil demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against all strains tested. This study highlights the influence of geographical variations and extraction solvents on the bioactivity of Inula viscosa, offering insights into its potential applications in pharmacology and nutraceuticals.

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Comparative Analysis of Phenolic and Flavonoid content, Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activities, and Functional Groups of Chemicals from Hypericum perforatum L., and Papaver Rhoeas L. Flower Extracts

Afqir Hajar, Belmalha Saadia, Farihi Ayoub, Elbouzidi Amine, Bouhrim Mohamed, Elrherabi Amal, Boutagayout Abdellatif, Oubihi Asmae, Ouhssine Mohammed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

88--101

EN

In this study, the authors aimed to compare the phytochemical compounds (polyphenols and flavonoids), antioxidant activity, functional groups present in the compounds (FTIR), and anti-microbial effects, in the aqueous and methanol extracts obtained from flowers of commercial Hypericum perforatum and native Papaver Rhoeas from Morocco. P. Rhoeas L was collected from El Lhaj Kaddour near Meknes, while H. perforatum L was bought in a dried state from a Moroccan herbalist in the same city. Total polyphenols were evaluated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, respectively. The antioxidant activity was assessed via DPPH and antimicrobial effects were tested against six bacteria (Gram– and Gram+). The aqueous and methanol extracts of P. Rhoeas had the highest TPC value (23.67 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g; 15.86 ± 0.65 mg GAE/g) compared to H. perforatum (15.26 ± 1.30 mg GAE/g; 5.50 ± 1.13 GAE/g). The aqueous extract of Papaver Rhoeas exhibited the highest TFC at 14.36 ± 0.49 mg QE/g, while the methanol extract of Hypericum perforatum had the highest 10.65 ± 0.49 mg QE/g in TFC. In contrast, the methanol and aqueous extracts of H. perforatum showed significant zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (9.5 ± 0.5 mm and 10.17 ± 0.29 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.33 ± 0.58 mm and 9.33 ± 0.58 mm) respectively, with a minimum inhibitory concentration was estimated at 10 μL/ml. The FTIR analysis demonstrated that the extracts of both plants are rich in bioactive molecules with potential biological activities and a pharmaceutical industry perspective. Consequently, these Papaver Rhoeas and Hypericum perforatum extracts exhibit antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

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Solvent Effect on Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoids Content, and the Antioxidant Activity of Ramalina lacera and Evernia prunastri Lichens Collected from the Trunks of Argania spinosa L.

Naama Amal, Aghoutane Basma, El Monfalouti Hanae, Kartah Badr Eddine

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 9

183--190

EN

The study was aimed to evaluate the impact of extraction solvent on the phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and the antioxidant activities of acetonic, methanolic, and aqueous extracts of two lichen species: Evernia prunastri and Ramalina lacera collected from trunks of Argania spinosa using the ultrasound assistance extraction. Various in vitro antioxidant assays were utilized such as 2,2-diphenly-picryly-hydroxyl free radical (DPPH) assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. All tested samples exhibited a good antioxidant activity, for the DPPH assay, the inhibition percentage ranged from 85±0.2% to 27±0.01%, the phenolic content ranged from 13.17±0.5 mgGAE/g DW to 3.31±0.3 mgGAW/g DW, and flavonoids ranged from 5.84±0.03 mgRE/g DW to 0.01±0.03 mgRE/g DW. This study demonstrates that the extraction solvent has a significant influence on lichens phenolic compounds and on their antioxidant activity, also showed that flavonoids contents are significantly correlated to antioxidant activity of studies lichens; moreover, it shows that ultrasound extraction in a good method to extract the lichens compound. This study suggests that lichens Ramalina lacera and Evernia prunastri could be utilized as natural antioxidant source.

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Phytochemical, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Pistacia lentiscus L. Leaves from Ajdir, Al Hoceima Province, Morocco

Labhar Amina, Benamari Omar, El-Mernissi Yahya, Salhi Amin, Ahari Mhamed, El Barkany Soufiane, Amhamdi Hassan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

172--177

EN

Pistacia lentiscus L. (PL) is a shrub belonging to the Anacardiaceae family, used in traditional medicine to treat various disorders in the Commune of Ajdir from Al Hociema province. The conducted study focused on determination of the polyphenols and flavonoids contents by spectrophotometric and in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. Determining total polyphenols shows the aqueous extract with a higher concentration of 125.04±0.01 mg EAG/g ES, followed by the ethanolic extract of 108.16±0.02 mg EAG/g ES. Determination of flavonoids revealed that the hexanoic extract contains a maximum of flavonoids with a level of 90.60±0.01 mg EQ/g ES. The antioxidant activity of different extracts was determined through two methods: DPPH and FRAP. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed a high antioxidant capacity. Further, regarding anti-inflammatory activity, the ethanolic extract has good activity inhibition (92.65±0.67) followed by aqueous extract (94±0.29) at 1000 μg/mL concentration. This study found that the ethanolic extracts from PL leaves are a powerful natural antioxidant and effective anti-inflammatory agent. The results indicate the extract’s effectiveness and highlight the importance of medicinal plants from the Commune of Ajdir.

8

Biological Properties of Chamaerops humilis L. – Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Leaf, Fruit and Pulp Extracts

Nekhla Houria, Atmani Majid, El Hanafi Laila, Rhioui Wijdane, Goubi Abdelfatah, Squalli Wafae, Zahri Aziz, Harrach Ahmed, El Ghadraoui Lahsen

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 8

346--356

EN

This work aimed to evaluate the polyphenol and flavonoid composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaf, fruit and pulp extracts of Chamaerops humilis L. Dry extracts of leaves, fruits and pulp were prepared by ultrasonic extraction and examined as potential sources of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Different methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the extracts, including DPPH free radical scavenging assay and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The total polyphenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the tested extracts were examined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride (AlCl3 ) methods, respectively. The antibacterial activity of leaf, fruit and pulp extracts against a collection of bacterial strains was evaluated using various in vitro methods, including well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results suggest that the leaf, the fruit and the pulp extracts have good potential as sources of bioactive compounds, the TPC and TFC of leaves were 116.209 ± 1.58 and 2.313 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g d.w, respectively. The TPC and TFC were 78.621 ± 1.06 and 0.425± 0.02 mg GAE/g dry weight in fruits, respectively. The best ability to trap DPPH radical was observed in the leaf extract (IC50 = 4.006 ± 0.36 mg/ml d.w); also, this extract revealed a better total antioxidant capacity of 119.702 ± 1.59 mg AGE/g dry weight. Regarding antibacterial activity, the leaves showed an important antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms with MIC ranging from 0.195 mg/ml to 3.125 mg/ml and with an inhibition diameter ranging from 12.03 ± 0.2 mm to 16.26 ± 0.03 mm Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between phytochemical parameters (TPC and TFC) and biological activities (antioxidant and antimicrobial activities). These results revealed that leaves, fruits and pulp extracts of C. humilis are a good source of bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant and antibacterial potentials. Therefore, they can be a new and alternative source of products for medical and industrial applications.

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UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS fingerprinting of Bai-Hu-Jia-Ren-Shen-Tang Decoction and evaluation of its antioxidant activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Wang Libin, Shen Xin, Wang Fang, Xu Xiaohui

Acta Chromatographica

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2023

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Vol. 35, no. 4

293--301

EN

Bai-Hu-Jia-Ren-Shen-Tang Decoction (BHJRSTD) is one of the oldest classic Chinese medicine prescriptions which used in the field of treatment of diabetes. However, to the best of our knowledge, the ingredients of this prescription have not been identified, and there are very few studies on the anti-diabetic mechanism of this prescription. Therefore, BHJRSTD was detected and identified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Quadrupole-Exactive Focus Orbitrap MS (UHPLC–Q/Orbitrap/MS/MS). We identified 74 compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, chalcones, xanthones, phenols, phenylpropanoids, terpenes, triterpenes, amino acid derivatives, etc. Then, Sprague Dawley rats were fed with a high-fat and high-sugar diet for two months and injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The diabetic rats were randomized to given metformin (200 mg kg⁻¹•d⁻¹, n = 15), BHJRSTD extracts (40 g kg⁻¹•d⁻¹) and BHJRSTD extracts (10 g kg⁻¹•d⁻¹) by gavage for 8 weeks. The results confirmed that BHJRSTD significantly decreased the level of MDA and increased levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), it shows that the prescription has significant antioxidant activity in the treatment of T2DM.

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Molecular docking, theoretical calculations, synthesis of Ru(III), Pd(II) and VO(II) complexes and activity determination as antibacterial and antioxidant

Aly Samar A., Rizk Nashwa M.H., Eldourghamy Ayman, Farfour Safinaz, Ismael Mohamed

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2022

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Vol. 24, nr 1

29--38

EN

Molecular modeling calculations were used to validate 3D structures of new complexes of Ru(III), Pd(II) and VO(II) ions chelated with (E)-2-(phenylamino)-N-(pyridine-2-yl)methylene)acetohydrazide ligand. Furthermore, the calculations were used to estimate selected electronic chemical descriptors which are responsible for the biological activity. The first insight of the compound activity as antibacterial was evaluated by molecular docking analysis. The titled models showed stable binding towards lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme of E. coli, indicating their inhibition effect toward bacterial growth. Structural study of the ligand and Ru(III), Pd(II) and VO(II) chelates was done using elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR techniques. Furthermore, complexes were physically investigated based on magnetic moment, molar conductance, electronic spectroscopic and thermal analysis techniques. The antibacterial study of the synthesized compounds screened against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that these compounds display remarkable antibacterial activity and can be used as therapeutic drugs for pathogenic bacterial diseases. All complexes and ligand showed good scavenging activities which indicate a promising result for their applications as antioxidants.

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Comparison of the Antioxidant Properties of Spices from Ecological and Conventional Cultivations

Hęś Marzanna

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 67, nr 2

5--12

EN

The aim of the study was to compare the overall total phenolic compounds content and antioxidant properties of spices (oregano, thyme and rosemary) from ecological and conventional cultivation. The antioxidant activity of the obtained spice extracts was estimated with the use of radical tests (DPPH and ABTS), binding and reduction of metal ions, accelerated Rancimat test and based on the spectrophotometric method. The obtained results indicate that spice extracts from ecological cultivation are characterized by a higher, overall total phenolic compound content compared to spice extracts grown in a conventional system. Ecological spice extracts showed better antioxidant properties than conventional spices in most tests. The results of the statistical analysis show a positive correlation between the total content of polyphenols and the antiradical activity of the extracts. The negative correlation was found behveen the content of polyphenols and the Rancimat test and the chelating activity. It seems that the usage of organic spice extracts in food production could be considered as natural antioxidants, reducing fat oxidation processes to a greater extent than with conventional cultivations.

12

Miód pszczeli w żywieniu i profilaktyce zdrowotnej

Dżugan Małgorzata, Miłek Michał, Sidor Ewelina, Tomczyk Monika

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2021

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T. 75, nr 3

20--24

PL

Miód pszczeli to bardzo popularny produkt, znany i ceniony ze względu na swoje właściwości prozdrowotne i energetyczne. Pod względem składu chemicznego jest stężonym roztworem cukrów (70-80%), zawierającym 17-18% wody. Bioaktywność miodu jest związana głównie z obecnością pozostałych składników, występujących w miodzie w niewielkich ilościach, głównie związków polifenolowych, enzymów, witamin i składników mineralnych. Profil jakościowy i ilościowy tych składników w miodzie jest bardzo zróżnicowany i zależy od pochodzenia botanicznego (odmiany) i geograficznego miodu. Zachowanie pełnej aktywności miodu wymaga odpowiedniego postępowania podczas pozyskiwania go w pasiece, dystrybucji i przechowywania, ale również konsumpcji. Miód pszczeli o niskim stopniu przetworzenia, racjonalnie spożywany, może zapewnić właściwą ogólną równowagę organizmu oraz zapobiegać chorobom.

EN

Honey bee is a very popular product, known and appreciated for its health-promoting properties. In terms of its chemical composition, it is a concentrated solution of sugars (70-80%) containing 17-18% of water. The bioactivity of honey is mainly due to the occurrence of other minor components of honey, mainly polyphenolic compounds, enzymes, vitamins and minerals. The quality profile and concentration of these ingredients varies greatly depending on its botanical (variety) and geographic origin of honey. Maintaining the full activity of honey requires its proper handling during extraction, distribution and storage. Low-processed bee honey, if consumed rationally, can provide a good overall balance of the body and prevent disease.

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Canihua i komosa ryżowa – porównanie wybranych właściwości prozdrowotnych bezglutenowych pseudozbóż

Sady Sylwia, Sielicka-Różyńska Maria

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2021

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T. 75, nr 5

29--33

PL

Spośród pseudozboż, czyli grupy roślin niebędących zbożami, ale przypominającymi je ze względu na wygląd, skład chemiczny nasion oraz podobne zastosowania przemysłowe, szczególne miejsce zajmują canihua i komosa ryżowa. W artykule dokonano porównania wybranych właściwości prozdrowotnych nasion jednej odmiany canihua oraz trzech odmian komosy ryżowej. Badane nasiona charakteryzują się wysoką pojemnością przeciwutleniającą i znaczną zawartością związków fenolowych, przy czym dwukrotnie wyższą aktywność przeciwrodnikową i siłę redukującą wykazała canihua. Nasiona canihua i komosy ryżowej są cennym źródłem tłuszczu o korzystnym składzie kwasów tłuszczowych, gdyż zawierają 53,5-63,1% wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych. Canihua w porównaniu z komosą ryżową zawiera istotnie wyższą ilość wapnia oraz mikroelementów, takich jak żelazo, mangan, cynk i miedź. Nie stwierdzono istotnego wpływu badanych odmian komosy ryżowej na właściwości prozdrowotne.

EN

Among pseudo-cereals, i.e. a group of plants that are not cereal grains, but resemble them in appearance, chemical composition and similar industrial applications, canihua and quinoa occupy a special place. The article compares selected health-promoting properties of grains of one variety of canihua and three varieties of quinoa. The grains exhibited high antioxidant capacity and a significant amount of phenolic compounds, quinoa canihua showed twofold higher antiradical and reducing activity. Canihua and quinoa grains are a valuable source of oils with a favourable fatty acid composition, as they contain 53.5-63.1% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Canihua, in comparison to quinoa, has a significantly higher content of calcium and micronutrients such as iron, manganese, zinc and copper. There was no significant effect of quinoa varieties on the health-promoting properties.

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Effect of chemical modification of hydrodistillation on yield, composition and biological activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil

Dzięcioł Małgorzata

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2021

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Vol. 23, nr 3

49--53

EN

Studies on the chemical modifications of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil hydrodistillation process (HD) by using 5% citric acid (CA-HD) and 5% trisodium citrate (TSC-HD) ase water phase were performed. Composition of essential oils obtained in conventional and modified conditions was analyzed by gas chromatography with mass selective detector method (GC-MS) and compared. Antioxidant activity of all essential oils was determined spectrophotometrically by using DPPH radical scavenging method. It was found that applied modifications of hydrodistillation process enhanced yields and antioxidant activity and the best results were obtained using 5% citric acid as a modifier. Effect of this modification on fungicidal activity of essential oils against 8 various fungi strains (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, Phythophtora cactorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Phythophtora infestans, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Ascosphaera apis) was also determined and in most cases enhanced activity was observed.

15

Effects of copper and cadmium on physiology and antifouling defense of the marine macroalga Ulva reticulata

Al-Khaldi Wejdan Ahmed, Al Solami Lafi, Satheesh Sathianeson

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2021

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Vol. 50, No. 2

184--197

EN

Heavy metals are major stressors for benthic macroalgal communities in marine ecosystems. In this study, the effects of copper and cadmium on some physiological parameters along with antifouling defense of the marine macroalga Ulva reticulata were assessed under laboratory conditions. Macroalgal samples were treated with three concentrations (1 mg l−1, 3 mg l−1 and 5 mg l−1) of copper and cadmium for 2 and 7 days. After treatment, algal samples were analyzed for chlorophyll-a, carotenoid, total polyphenol and total antioxidant capacity. Also, algal extracts were tested against biofilm-forming bacteria strains to understand differences in antifouling activity. The results indicated that exposure of U. reticulata to copper and cadmium, on the one hand, induced protective mechanisms such as total phenol production and antioxidant capacity against metal stress and, on the other hand, reduced photosynthesis. While the extract obtained from control algal samples showed a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of biofilm-forming bacteria, treatment with heavy metals resulted in reduced antibiofilm activity. In general, the results revealed that exposure of macroalgae to heavy metals can affect antifouling defense traits in addition to changes in photosynthetic pigment content.

16

Emulsions as vehicles for the controlled release of astaxanthin in topical application

Dymek Michał, Sikora Elżbieta

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 42, nr 4

439-–450

EN

In the work, the antioxidant activity of astaxanthin (AST) and the influence of the base formulation on the kinetics of AST release were studied. Three stable O/W AST-loaded emulsions, differing in droplet size (12.7 m(E1), 3.8 m(E2), 3.2 m(E3)) and a nanoemulsion (0.13 m, NE) were prepared. The results confirmed very strong antioxidant activity of AST. The emulsion internal phase droplet size did not significantly affect the AST release. The amount of released AST was respectively: 13.60% (E1), 11.42% (E2), 9.45% (E3), 9.71% (NE). The best fit to experimental data was obtained using the Higuchi model for emulsions and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model for NE. The results show that the AST release process is limited by the diffusion through carriers and the prepared O/W emulsions can be applied as vehicles for delivery of astaxanthin to the skin, ensuring effective anti-aging action of the cosmetics.

17

Ekstrakty roślinne w wyrobach ciastkarskich

Kozłowska Mariola, Fabiszewska Agata, Gawinowska Aleksandra

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2020

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T. 74, nr 6

20--29

PL

Surowce roślinne mogą być stosowane w postaci całych, rozdrobnionych lub wysuszonych dodatków poprawiających aromat, barwę oraz smak produktów spożywczych. Jako źródło związków biologicznie czynnych, m.in. polifenoli, o udokumentowanej przeciwutleniającej aktywności – również w postaci ekstraktów – mogą być dodawane do wyrobów ciastkarskich, szczególnie tych o wysokiej zawartości tłuszczów. Takie wzbogacenie może wpłynąć na poprawę właściwości funkcjonalnych przygotowanego ciasta, podnieść wartość odżywczą wyrobu oraz zapobiec niekorzystnym zmianom oksydacyjnym zawartego w nim tłuszczu, wydłużając okres jego przydatności do spożycia. Dodatkowo ekstrakty roślinne są uznawane przez konsumentów za bardziej bezpieczne niż syntetyczne dodatki do żywności.

EN

Plant materials can be used in food products in the form of whole, crushed or dried ingredients improving their aroma, color and taste. As a source of biologically active compounds, among others polyphenols with documented antioxidant activity, also in the form of extracts, can be added to pastry products, especially those rich in fats. Such enrichment, with plant extracts can improve the functional properties of the prepared dough, improve the nutritional value of the product and prevent adverse oxidative changes in the fat it contains, extending its shelf life. In addition, plant extracts are considered by consumers to be safer than synthetic food additives.

18

Ocena aktywności przeciwutleniającej i lipofilowości octanu eugenylu

Waszczuk Paulina, Jurkiewicz Martyna, Kowalska Izabella, Makuch Edyta

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 9

1387--1390

PL

Przedstawiono badania aktywności przeciwutleniającej oraz lipofilowości octanu eugenylu (OE). Do identyfikacji OE zastosowano metody GC, FTIR/ATR, GC-MS oraz analizę widm 13C-NMR i 1H-NMR, a do oznaczeń aktywności antyoksydacyjnej wykorzystano metodę redukcji wolnego rodnika DPPH. W celu zbadania lipofilowości OE wyznaczono współczynnik podziału n-oktanol/woda (log P).

EN

Eugenol was esterified with AcOH in presence of (ClCO)₂ and pyridine (yield 100%, selectivity 100%). The ester was identified by mass IR and NMR spectroscopies and studied for antioxidant activity and lipophilicity. The antioxidant activity was detd. by the free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical redn. and increased from 25% up to 72% with in- creasing the ester concn. from 5 µg/mL up to 500 µg/mL. The octanol/water partition coeff. was a measure for the lipophilicity of the ester.

19

The application of modified layered double hydroxides in selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by ammonia (NH3-SCR)

Szymaszek Agnieszka, Motak Monika, Samojeden Bogdan

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2020

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Vol. 22, nr 1

61--67

EN

Selective catalytic reduction with ammonia (NH3-SCR) is very efficient DeNOx technique. According to some problems with the commercial catalyst, novel one should be prepared. Hydrotalcites are potential precursors of the new catalysts of NH3-SCR. In this paper, several attempts to apply these materials in NH3-SCR are presented.

20

Inﬂuence of extraction technique on yield and antioxidant activity of extracts from Moringa oleifera leaf

Dzięcioł Małgorzata

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2020

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Vol. 22, nr 4

31--35

EN

The article presents research on the exploring of extraction process of biologically active substances from the leaves of the Moringa oleifera tree using ethanol. Ethanolic extracts were obtained using three different techniques: maceration with shaking, ultrasound-assisted extraction and extraction in Soxhlet apparatus, in different time variants: 1, 2 and 4-hours. After solvent evaporating and drying, the yields of dry extracts obtained in particular processes were calculated. The antioxidant activity of extracts was analyzed spectrophotometrically using DPPH radical scavenging method, and total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. By means of gas chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MS), 11 biologically active compounds present in ethanolic extracts were identiﬁed, among which α-tocopherol had the greatest share. Based on the results, the inﬂuence of the extraction technique and time on the yield and antioxidant activity of M. oleifera leaf extracts were discussed.