Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Oddziaływanie przeciwdrobnoustrojowych peptydów z jonami metali : relacja między chemią koordynacyjną, strukturą, termodynamiką a sposobem działania

Dudek Dorota, Garstka Kinga, Miller Adriana, Dzień Emilia, Wątły Joanna, Hecel Aleksandra, Kozłowski Henryk, Rowińska-Żyrek Magdalena

Wiadomości Chemiczne

|

2022

|

[Z] 76, 5-6

365--391

EN

Increasing bacterial and fungal drug resistance makes novel, effective antimicrobial treatments actively sought. Because of the general lack of resistance towards antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), they are being relied on as a novel class of therapeutics aimed to conquer drug-resistant bacteria and fungi. There are numerous ways in which AMPs might interact with pathogens, such as membrane disruption, production of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of cell wall, nucleic acid and protein synthesis or by the withdrawal of essential metal ions. Biologically indispensable metal ions, such as Zn(II) and Cu(II), which are the key players of this project, have a dual effect on the activity of antimicrobial peptides: (i) AMPs bind them, so that microbes cannot get enough metals essential for their life and virulence (withdrawal of metal ions, nutritional immunity) or (ii) AMPs need the given metal ion as a booster of their antimicrobial activity (metal ions affect the AMP charge and/or structure). In this chapter, we discuss the impact of the coordination of Cu(II) and Zn(II) to several antimicrobial peptides, focusing on the thermodynamics, structure and coordination chemistry. The comparison of these data to the outcome of biological growth studies (determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of metalAMP complexes and their derivatives allows to draw conclusions about the relationship between the metal-antimicrobial peptide complex structure, stability mode of action and efficacy. In the nearest future, the most efficient complexes may serve as templates for a rational design of novel, more potent AMP-based therapeutics. Further improvement can be reached through the modification of the most promising AMP complexes using (i) specifically targeted antimicrobial peptides, in which the AMP will be covalently linked to a targeting peptide (Figure 1) or (ii) chimeric compounds comprising AMPs bound to conventional antimicrobials or peptidomimetic modifications (Figure 2).

2

Distribution of Selected Drug-resistant Enterococcus Species in Meat Plants in Poland

Ławniczek-Wałczyk Anna, Cyprowski Marcin, Górny Rafał L.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2022

|

Tom 24

345--359

EN

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of enterococci (including vancomycin-resistant, VRE) strains in meat plants and evaluate their biofilm-forming potential. In two Polish meat plants, 75 samples of raw pork meat, swabs from work surfaces (floors, tables, machine parts and tools) and employees’ hands were collected. The analyses indicated that enterococci were present in more than 72% of the tested samples. In addition, VRE isolates were found in more than 25% of the tested samples (especially in cutting and processing rooms). VRE strains of Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and rifampicin. Moreover, 77% of E. faecium and 43% of E. faecalis isolates showed biofilm-forming ability. The observed high biofilm-forming potential among the analyzed VRE strains indicates that these agents may play an essential role in spreading drug resistance in the food chain through contaminated surfaces, meat, and workers’ hands.

3

Oczyszczalnie ścieków jako testery antybiotykoodporności?

Kruszelnicka Izabela, Ginter-Kramarczyk Dobrochna, Muszyński Przemysław

Technologia Wody

|

2021

|

Nr 4 (78)

30--35

PL

Podstawowym źródłem zanieczyszczeń wody antybiotykami są przemysł farmaceutyczny, szpitale, zakłady weterynaryjne oraz gospodarstwa domowe. W ostatnim czasie świat naukowy zwrócił uwagę na rolę oczyszczalni ścieków w rozwoju i rozprzestrzenianiu oporności bakterii na antybiotyki. Pomimo intensyfikacji badań, kwestia potencjalnego rozprzestrzeniania antybiotykooporności poprzez oczyszczalnie ścieków nadal pozostaje nierozwiązana i wymaga prowadzenia badań na szeroką skalę.

EN

The main source of antibiotic water contamination is the pharmaceutical industry, hospitals, veterinary facilities and households. Recently, the scientific world has paid attention to the role of wastewater treatment plants in the development and spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Despite the intensification of research, the issue of the potential spread of antibiotic resistance via wastewater treatment plants remains unresolved and requires extensive research.

4

The effects of season and processing technology on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in air samples from municipal wastewater treatment and waste management plants

Osińska Adriana, Jachimowicz Piotr, Niestępski Sebastian, Harnisz Monika, Korzeniewska Ewa

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 47, nr 1

101--114

EN

This study aimed to perform a qualitative and a quantitative assessment of the prevalence of genes encoding resistance to beta-lactam, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol antibiotics in samples of DNA isolated from air in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a municipal waste management plant (WMP). Air samples were collected in the mechanical (MP) and biological (BP) processing units of WWTP and WMP in winter and spring. The samples of air were collected by impingement into PBS solution and subsequently, DNA was isolated. The prevalence of the 16S rRNA gene and ARGs was determined by PCR, and the most abundant ARGs were quantified by qPCR. The highest diversity of the analyzed ARGs was noted in air samples collected in the mechanical processing units of the WWTP (winter) and the WMP (spring). The copy of ARGs varied between treatment units and seasons. ARGs were most abundant in air samples collected in spring in the MP units of both the WWTP and the WMP. The study demonstrated that ARGs are ubiquitous in the air in both WWTPs and WMPs. The presence of ARGs in the air can exert a negative impact on the health of plant employees.

5

Metoda oznaczania antybiotykooporności u bakterii

Błońska Dominika, Szultka-Młyńska Małgorzata, Złoch Michał, Buszewski Bogusław

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

|

2021

|

nr 2

34--40

PL

Zarówno E-test, metoda MALDI TOF MS, jak i łańcuchowa reakcja polimerazy PCR mogą być wykorzystywane do identyfikacji oraz skutecznego oznaczania oporności na antybiotyki u patogenów.

6

Assessment of the antibacterial activity of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) herbal extracts as an alternative to antibiotics use during post-hatching period of chicks

Kędzia Rafał, Lis Marcin W.

Science, Technology and Innovation

|

2020

|

Vol. 11, no. 4

48--54

EN

Bacterial infections of newly hatched chicks are the most common cause of their death in the initial period of rearing. These infections are always treated with antibiotics. The aim of the study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of herbal extracts of chestnut (Castanea sativa) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) against bacterial infections i.e. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonice in comparison to antibiotics. The results of the microbiological analyses showed that the Castanea sativa and Syzygium aromaticum extracts had a slighter antibacterial activity in comparison to antibiotics. The diameter of zone inhibition of the culture’s growth of gram-negative bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and gram-positive bacteria (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) was 6–13 mm for these extracts in comparison to 15–30 mm for antibiotics. However, some bacterial strains presented full resistance to the selected antibiotics, e.g., wild strains of Enterobacteriaceae to amoxicillin or Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis to florfenicol, colistin, and doxycycline. In the second experiment, the effect of the herbal extract mixture added into drinking water on the growth and mortality of chicken broiler during the first rearing week was investigated. There was found that the use of herbal extracts improved the chickens’ body weight (157.4 g; P ≤ 0.008) and decreased mortality rate (2.4%) compared to the control group (144.1 g and 3.9%, respectively) but not to the group treated with antibiotic (161.5 and 0.6% respectively; P ≤ 0.009). In summary, the use of herbal extracts as a nutritional supplement for poultry seems to have a positive effect on weight gain of young birds, and to some extent reduce mortality in the first week of rearing.

7

What Antibiotic Threat Do the Heavy Metals Contaminated Sites of Mine Hide?

Timkova Ivana, Lachka Miroslava, Nosal'ova Lea, Malinicova Lenka, Pristas Peter, Sedlakova-Kadukova Jana

Inżynieria Mineralna

|

2020

|

no. 1, vol. 2

205--210

EN

The environment contaminated by antibiotics and heavy metals as a consequence of human activities is of great concern nowadays. Many pieces of research proved that the environment could act as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance determinants allowing them to spread among different bacterial species via the process called horizontal gene transfer. The result is antibiotic resistance even in pathogen microorganisms. Heavy metals act as important factors in this process because of their potential to select antibiotic resistant bacteria thanks to linkage among antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metals resistance genes. Thus, this experiment was conducted to screen the antibiotic tolerance profile of bacteria obtained from heavy metal contaminated environment of mine, dump and the contaminated soil near the entry of mine. Several samples were collected from the only active gold mine in Slovakia in Hodruša – Hámre. The presence of cultivable bacteria was proved via cultivation approaches with subsequent MALDI – TOF MS (Matrix – Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry) identification of selected isolates. Representative bacterial isolates were screened for their antibiotic tolerance against chosen antibiotics (ampicillin (AMP), chloramphenicol (CHLOR), tetracycline (TET) and kanamycine (KAN)) with the aim to define their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The cultivable bacteria from studied environments were dominated by Gram-negative protebacteria of Pseudomonas and Rhizobium genera. Among more than 150 isolates the resistance to ampicillin (MIC>100µg/ml – 49% isolates), kanamycine (MIC>100µg/ml - 18% isolates), and chloramphenicol (MIC>20µg/ml – 16% isolates) dominated. The resistance to tetracycline (MIC>20µg/ml) was detected in less than 1% of isolates. Overall counts of antibiotic resistance and multi-resistance were alarmingly high taking in account that industrial environments with no known antibiotic exposure were analysed. Our data indicate that heavy metals contaminated environment could influence the occurrence and the spread of antibiotic resistance. Possibly, metal contaminated environment act as a reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

PL

Środowisko zanieczyszczone przez antybiotyki i metale ciężkie jako konsekwencja działalności ludzkiej jest obecnie przedmiotem wielu zmartwień. Wiele badań udowodniło, że środowisko może stanowić swoisty zbiornik odporności bakterii na działanie antybiotyków, pozwalając im na swobodne rozprzestrzenianie się wśród różnych bakterii poprzez proces zwany poziomym transferem genów. Wynikiem jest obecność odporności na antybiotyki nawet u mikroorganizmów patogenicznych. Metale ciężkie działają jako ważne czynniki w tym procesie ze względu na swój potencjał wyboru bakterii, która opiera się antybiotykowi ze względu na swego rodzaju połączenie pomiędzy genami opierającymi się antybiotykowi oraz genami opierającymi się metalom ciężkim. Zatem, wykonano eksperyment aby zbadać tolerancję na antybiotyk dla bakterii uzyskanych ze środowiska kopalni, składowiska oraz gleby z pobliża kopalni będących zanieczyszczonymi metalami ciężkimi. Pobrano próbki z jedynej aktywnej kopalni złota w Słowacji, zlokalizowanej w Hodruša – Hámre. Obecność bakterii kultywacyjnych został udowodniony za pomocą badań kultywacji a następnie techniki identyfikacyjnej MALDI – TOF MS (Matrix – Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Time of Flight Spectrometry). Reprezentatywne izolaty bakteryjne zostały zbadane ze względu na ich tolerancję na wybrane antybiotyki (ampicylina (AMP), chloramfenikol (CHLOR), tetracyklina (TET) oraz kanamycyna (KAN) w celu zdefiniowania ich minimalnego stężenia inhibicyjnego (MIC). Bakterie kultywacyjne z badanych środowisk były zdominowane przez Gram-ujemne proteobakterie rodzaju Pseudomonas oraz Rhizobium. Spośród więcej niż 150 izolatów, odporność na ampicylinę (MIC>100 µg/ml- 49% izolatów), kanamycynę (MIC>100 µg/ml – 18% izolatów) oraz chloramfenikol (MIC> 20 µg/ml – 16% izolatów) dominowała. Odporność na tetracyklinę (MIC> 20 µg/ml) został stwierdzony w mniej niż 1% przypadku izolatów. Ogólna liczba odporności na antybiotyki oraz multi-odporności była alarmująco duża, biorąc pod uwagę, że środowiska przemysłowe z nieznanym stopniem wystawienia na antybiotyki była analizowana. Nasze dane wskazały, że środowisko zanieczyszczone metalami ciężkimi może wpływać na obecność i rozwój odporności na antybiotyki. Możliwym jest, że środowisko zanieczyszczone metalami zachowuje się jak zbiornik dla bakterii odpornych na działanie antybiotyków.

8

Czynniki wirulencji bakterii - białkowe fosfatazy tyrozynowe : jako cel terapeutyczny w odpowiedzi na rozwijającą się antybiotykooporność

Kostrzewa Tomasz, Styszko Joanna, Przychodzeń Paulina, Kamm Anna, Górska-Ponikowska Magdalena, Kuban-Jankowska Alicja

Wiadomości Chemiczne

|

2019

|

[Z] 73, 11-12

679--699

EN

Microbial virulence is the ability of pathogen to penetrate, replicate, multiplícate and, as a consequence, damage the cells of the infected organism. In recent years, rapid progress in bacterial genome sequencing has led to the discovery and characterization of many new virulence factors. One of the many mechanisms of bacterial virulence is the activity of bacterial kinases and phosphatases. These enzymes phosphorylate and dephosphorylate various amino acid residues in proteins, most commonly serine, tyrosine and threonine. Reversible phosphorylation and dephosphorylation can control the activity of target proteins, either directly, by inducing conformational changes in proteins, or indirectly, by regulating protein-protein interactions. Due to the increasing antibiotic resistance, new substances that could be used to treat diseases caused by resistant bacterial strains are sought. One of the possibilities seems to be the inhibition of bacterial tyrosine phosphatases. Phosphorylation of proteins containing tyrosine residues is a key post-translational modification that controls the numerous cellular functions in bacteria. So far, many tyrosine phosphatases have been found to be responsible for the virulence of various bacterial strains. Many bacterial species use protein tyrosine phosphatases activity in host-pathogen interaction, by affecting signalling pathways and subsequent induction of the infection process. Many studies are devoted to the search for tyrosine phosphatases inhibitors in the context of possible support of the current antibacterial treatment. This article presents a review of reports on bacterial virulence factors-protein tyrosine phosphatases as potential therapeutic targets.

9

Antybiotyki w wodach : mechanizm działania, antybiotykooporność

Domagała Marta, Wanot Bartosz

Technologia Wody

|

2019

|

Nr 2 (64)

56--61

PL

Skutkiem rozwoju cywilizacyjnego jest stałe zwiększanie produkcji i konsumpcji leków. Naturalną konsekwencją takiego procesu jest przenikanie leków do środowiska. Antybiotyki, to związki chemiczne, które niszczą bakterie lub hamują ich wzrost bez negatywnego działania na organizm człowieka. Jedne powodują zahamowanie powstawania ścian komórkowych bakterii (bacytracyna, cefalosporyny, penicylina), inne hamują produkcję białek (chloramfenikol, tetracyklina), RNA (rifamycyna) i DNA (chinolony). Substancje działające przeciwbakteryjnie dzielą się na antybiotyki i chemioterapeutyki, a ze względu na zastosowanie dzielą się na bakteriobójcze i bakteriostatyczne. W dzisiejszych czasach około 700 000 ludzi na świecie umiera co roku w wyniku antybiotykooporności, a w samej Unii Europejskiej jest to 25 000 osób. Mechanizmy antybiotykooporności: enzymatyczna hydroliza cząsteczki antybiotyku, enzymatyczna modyfikacja cząsteczki antybiotyku, reakcja by-pass, eff-lux. Mechanizmy nabywania oporności przez drobnoustroje na antybiotyki: mutacja czyli zmiany w trakcie syntezy powstającego DNA, które mogą skutkować lepszym przystosowaniem do warunków środowiskowych i obecności antybiotyków oraz horyzontalny transfer genów, który polega na wymianie informacji genetycznej między bakteriami z tego samego lub różnych gatunków, np. z bakteriami odpornymi na działanie antybiotyków. Proces polegający na pobraniu przez bakterię materiału genetycznego, który jest pozostałością po martwej bakterii, to transformacja.

EN

The result of civilization development is the constant increase in the production and consumption of medicines. The natural consequence of such a process is the penetration of drugs into the environment. Antibiotics are chemical compounds that destroy bacteria or inhibit their growth without adverse effects on the human body. Some inhibit bacterial cell walls (bacitracin, cephalosporins, penicillin), others inhibit protein production (chloramphenicol, tetracycline), RNA (rifamycin) and DNA (quinolones). Antimicrobial substances are divided into antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, and due to their use they are divided into bactericidal and bacteriostatic. Nowadays, about 700,000 people in the world die as a result of antibiotic resistance, and in the European Union alone, it is 25,000 people. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance: enzymatic hydrolysis of the antibiotic molecule, enzymatic modification of the antibiotic molecule, „by-pass” reaction, eff-lux. Mechanisms of acquiring resistance by microorganisms to antibiotics: mutation or changes during the synthesis of nascent DNA, which may result in better adaptation to environmental conditions and the presence of antibiotics, and horizontal gene transfer which consists in exchanging genetic information between bacteria from the same or different species, e.g. with bacteria resistant to antibiotics. The process of taking a bacterial material that is a remnant of a dead bacterium is a transformation.

10

The Prevalence of tet(A) and tet(M) Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Municipal Wastewater

Hubeny Jakub, Buta Martyna, Zieliński Wiktor, Harnisz Monika, Korzeniewska Ewa, Nowrotek Monika, Płaza Grażyna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 10

1--6

EN

Antibiotic resistance is a widespread problem that poses one of the greatest risks to public health around the world. The main cause of antibiotic resistance is the overuse of antibiotics in the human and veterinary medicine and in agriculture. Drugs are released into the environment with treated wastewater, and they can act as stressors that increase the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not equipped with appropriate technologies for eliminating the genetic material from the treated wastewater. In this study, the prevalence of tet(A) and tet(M) genes encoding resistance to tetracycline antibiotics was investigated in the samples of municipal wastewater and sewage sludge collected from two WWTPs and in the water samples collected from rivers which receive the treated wastewater. The samples were collected in two seasons of the year (summer and fall). The presence of ARGs was confirmed by PCR. The study revealed that ARGs were not effectively removed from wastewater by the WWTP in the Region of Silesia. Seasonal variations in the occurrence of the analyzed genes were not observed in the samples collected from the above-mentioned plant. Tetracycline resistance genes were detected in all samples of river water. The tet(A) gene was not removed from the treated wastewater in the WWTP in the Region of Warmia and Mazury, whereas the tet(M) gene was detected on a seasonal basis. The tet(M) gene was not detected in the samples of river water collected upstream and downstream from the WWTP. The study demonstrated that the existing WWTPs lack the means to eliminate ARGs. The wastewater treatment systems have to be modified to effectively remove ARGs from the treated wastewater.

11

Patogeny oporne na antybiotyki w środowisku pracy

Ławniczek-Wałczyk Anna, Górny Rafał L.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

|

2019

|

nr 12

9-13

PL

Chociaż oporność na antybiotyki stanowi ważny i narastający problem zdrowia publicznego, to w dalszym ciągu wśród społeczeństwa, personelu medycznego i przedsiębiorców niezwiązanych ze służbą zdrowia zauważalna jest niska świadomość zagrożeń ze strony lekoopornych mikroorganizmów. Szacuje się, że oporność patogenów na środki przeciwdrobnoustrojowe powoduje rocznie śmierć ponad 33 tys. ludzi w Unii Europejskiej, a koszty ekonomiczne związane z opieką zdrowotną oraz spadkiem wydajności pracowników ocenia się na co najmniej 1,5 mld EUR rocznie. W artykule przybliżono czytelnikom wiedzę na temat mechanizmów powstawania oporności na antybiotyki oraz dróg ich rozprzestrzeniania się. Przeanalizowano ponadto dostępne środki profilaktyczne, ograniczające ich rozprzestrzenianie się w środowisku pracy.

EN

Despite the fact that antibiotic resistance is an important and growing public health problem, there is still a low awareness of the threat of drug-resistant microorganisms among the public, healthcare professionals and entrepreneurs not related to health care. It is estimated that antibiotic resistant pathogens are responsible for about 33 000 deaths in the European Union and costs more than EUR 1.5 billion each year m terms of healthcare costs and productivity losses. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide readers with an insight into the mechanisms of drug resistance, pathogenesis and spread, and to analyze available preventive measures to limit their spread in the occupational environment.

12

Antybiotykooporność drobnoustrojów w kontekście aktualnego raportu Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (WHO)

Ograczyk E., Wawrocki S., Gajewski A., Kawka M., Gonciarz W., Rudnicka K., Sadowska B., Chmiela M.

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

|

2017

|

R. 22, nr 4

6--13

13

Charakterystyka mikroorganizmów biofilmów pochodzących z punktów czerpalnych wody do picia

Biedroń I., Traczewska T. M., Płaza G.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2016

|

Tom 18, cz. 2

86--99

EN

Microorganisms in the drinking water distribution system form a biofilm on the inner surfaces of the pipes. It is a life preserving strategy that provides easier access to nutrients and protects against harmful environmental factors. The biofilm is a habitat for numerous species of autochthonous microflora which contribute to the intensification of bio-corrosion and negatively affect the quality of the water supplied to the consumers. Additionally, the biofilm can consist of pathogenic species, which may pose an epidemiological hazard. Every drinking water distribution system has its own microflora, it is associated with the presence of autochthonous microorganisms that come from the raw water which despite treatment processes leaked to the network, and microbes that entered as a result of maintenance, failures and leakages. These factors contribute to the biofilm uniqueness in each water supply system, it is associated with the lack of reproducibility of the structure. In the present study characterized the microorganisms from biofilm of 17 tapping points of the water supply system for their ability to adhesion, resistance against selected antibiotics and rated their enzymatic activity. It is believed that the microorganisms with high surface affinity can play a decisive role in the early stages of biofilm formation.

14

Wrażliwość na olejki eteryczne środowiskowych lekoopornych szczepów Escherichia coli

Krzyśko-Łupicka T., Mysłek M., Błaszczyk K.

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2015

|

Vol. 9, No. 2

633--639

PL

W środowisku coraz powszechnej stwierdzana jest obecność lekoopornych szczepów Escherichia coli. Alternatywną drogę ich eliminacji mogą stanowić biodegradowalne i nietoksyczne substancje, między innymi olejki eteryczne. Celem pracy była ocena działania olejków eterycznych na środowiskowe lekooporne szczepy Escherichia coli. Materiał badawczy stanowiło 10 wyizolowanych ze środowiska naturalnego lekooopornych szczepów E. coli, w tym 8 glukuronidazo-dodatnich. Wrażliwość szczepów na takie antybiotyki, jak: ampicylina, amoksycylina, cefotaksym, chloramfenikol, cyprofloksacyna, ceftazydym, doksycyklina, gentamycyna, kanamycyna, trimetoprim, tetracyklina, streptomycyna, kwas nalidyksowy oraz na sulfonamidy, oznaczono na podłożu Mueller-Hinton. Metodą dyfuzyjną płytkowo-cylinderkową oceniono wrażliwość szczepów na olejki: tymiankowy, oregano, herbaciany, lemongrasowy, cytrynowy i kminkowy oraz tymol w stężeniach 1,5%; 1,0%; 0,5%; 0,25%. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że testowane szczepy E. coli wykazywały oporność na co najmniej połowę testowanych antybiotyków, a 90% z nich było oporne na ampicylinę i amoksycylinę. Także wrażliwość szczepów na testowane olejki eteryczne była zróżnicowana. Tylko olejek tymiankowy w stężeniach 1 i 1,5% zahamował rozwój 90% badanych szczepów E. coli. Olejki herbaciany, lemongrasowy, cytrynowy, oregano i kminkowy w testowanych stężeniach nie hamowały rozwoju testowanych szczepów Escherichia coli.

EN

In an environment increasingly common finding is the presence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli. An alternative way to eliminate them can provide biodegradable and non-toxic substances, including essential oils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of essential oils on environmental, antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli. The research material consisted of 10 isolated from the environment, antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli, including 8 glucuronidase-positive. Using the Mueller-Hinton medium was evaluated the sensitivity to antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, doxycycline, gentamycin, kanamycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin, nalidixic acid and sulfonamides. Using the platelet-cylinders diffusion method was assessed the sensitivity of the strains on essential oils: thyme, oregano, tea tree, lemongrass, lemon, and caraway, at concentrations of 1.5%; 1.0%; 0.5%, 0.25%. Based on the results, it was found that the tested strains of E. coli were resistant to at least half of the used antibiotics and 90% of them showed resistance to ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Also, the sensitivity of the strains to tested essential oils has been diverse. Only thyme oil in a concentration of 1.5% inhibited growth of 90% of the tested strains of E. coli. On the other hand, oregano oil in a concentration of 1.5% inhibited the development of 3 out of 10 tested strains. Oils of tea, lemongrass, lemon and caraway, at the mentioned concentrations have been not bactericidal against strains of Escherichia coli.

15

Impact of rearing system of Rosa breed laying hens on occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. isolated from egg shell surface

Galbas M., Selwet M., Koczorowski M., Porzucek F.

Biotechnology and Food Science

|

2015

|

Vol. 79, nr 2

3--8

EN

Salmonelloses are among the most common animal-borne infections. The most frequent causes of their occurrence are contaminated chicken eggs. For this reason, the control of bacteria from the Salmonella genus living in the cloaca of laying hens can contribute to the reduction of spreading levels of infections with these bacteria. The most popular methods of rearing laying hens in small agricultural farms comprise run and cage keeping. The aim of the performed studies was to determine the impact of rearing and nutritional systems on the occurrence of egg infections with Salmonella spp. bacteria. Detection by PCR method corroborated presence of bacteria from the Salmonella genus on eggs surface from hens kept in litter system. Latex serotyping test confirmed the presence of Salmonella Enteritidis. Salmonella spp. was not detected on eggs surface from hens kept in cage system. Salmonella spp. isolates from the eggs surface of hens reared on litter were characterized by drug resistance to tetracycline. Addition of EM probiotic failed to show reduction in incidence of Salmonella spp. infection.

16

Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus-like organisms isolated from a recreational sea beach on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea as one of the consequences of anthropogenic pressure

Skórczewski P., Mudryk Z. J., Miranowicz J., Perlinski P., Zdanowicz M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2014

|

Vol. 43, No. 1

41--48

EN

Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus-like organisms (STLO) isolated from a recreational sea beach located on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea was studied. The results of the present study showed that STLO inhabiting sand and seawater of the beach strongly differed in the resistance level to tested antibiotics. These microorganisms were most resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, oxytetracycline and susceptible to gentamicin, neomycin and streptomycin. Moreover, the level of antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolated from different parts of the beach also differed. Bacteria inhabiting the seawater, shoreline and the middle part of the beach were more antibiotic-resistant than bacteria isolated from the dune. The majority of bacteria inhabiting the seawater and sand were resistant to 3–8 antibiotics out of 12 tested in this study. Generally, there was no difference in antibiotic resistance between Staphylococcus-like organisms isolated from the surface and subsurface sand layers. STLO strains isolated from Ustka Beach were most resistant to β-lactam and tetracycline antibiotics, and most susceptible to aminoglycosides.

17

Different antibiotic resistance of neustonic and planktonic bacteria in a freshwater coastal lake : implication for strain selection

Skórczewski P., Mudryk Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2012

|

Vol. 60, nr 1

153-162

EN

Antibiotic resistance of bacteria was observed in various aquatic environments including seas, rivers, lakes, coastal areas, surface water and sediments. The increased implementation of antibiotics into these environments through medical therapy, agriculture and animal husbandry has resulted in new selective pressures on natural bacterial aquatic populations. Antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the surface microlayer and subsurface water of freshwater coastal polymictic and low-productive lake was studied. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the single disc diffusion method. The resistance level of bacteria to various antibiotics differed considerably. Bacteria were most resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin and penicillin. Majority of bacterial strains showed resistance to 4.6 out of 18 antibiotics tested. As a rule, neustonic bacteria (antibiotic resistance index, ARI 0.44) were more resistant to the studied antibiotics than planktonic bacteria (ARI 0.32). 70-90% of neustonic bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin and erythromycin, 60-70% of planktonic bacteria were resistant to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and penicillin. Differences between pigmented and non-pigmented bacteria in their resistance to the tested antibiotics were observed. Above 40% of achromogenic bacterial strains were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin and penicillin. Among bacterial strains characterised by their ability to synthesize carotenoids, more than 30% was resistant to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Bacterial resistance level to antibiotics depended on their chemical structure. Bacteria isolated from study lake were most resistant to quinolones and lincosamides while they were most susceptible to tetracyclines and aminoglycosides. Results presented in this paper indicate that antibiotics are a significant selection factor and probably play an important role in regulating the composition of bacterial communities in aquatic ecosystems. Adaptive responses of bacterial communities to several antibiotics observed in the present study may have possible implications for the public health.

18

Photodynamic therapy in microbial infections

Jori G., Roncucci G.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

|

2004

|

Vol. 10, nr 1-2

3-4

19

Gdyby Shaw i Fleming żyli dzisiaj...

Ochocka B.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2002

|

nr 4

16

PL

Wśród gronkowców złocistych coraz większy odsetek stanowią szczepy odporne na metycylinę - MRSA. Pojęcie oporności na metycylinę zawiera w sobie informację, że bakteria ta jest oporna na lecznie większością znanych antybiotyków. Badania wykazują, że MRSA ma także coraz większy udział w tzw. zakażeniach pozaszpitalnych oraz że bakteria ta bardzo szybko rozprzstrzenia się w ekosystemie szpitali. Wysoki udział szczepów MRSA (od 12,5% do 50%) stawia Polskę w czołówce państw o wysokim udziale MRSA w zakażeniach szpitalnych.

20

Antibiotic resistance in marine neustonic and planktonic bacteria isolated from the Gdańsk Deep

Mudryk Z., Skorczewski P.

Oceanologia

|

1998

|

No. 40 (2)

125-136

EN

This study deals with the antibiotic resistance of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the surface and subsurface water of the Gdansk Deep. The level of resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics differed considerably. As a rule, there were no significant differences in antibiotic resistance between neustonic and planktonic bacteria. Considerable diel fluctuations in bacterial antibiotic resistance were found. There were significant differences between pigmented and non-pigmented bacteria in their resistance to the tested antibiotics. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics was dependent on their chemical structure.