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2 Composites Theory and Practice

2 2025

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The effect of chemical modifications with spherosilicates of nanocomposite waterborne polyurethane hydrophilic coatings on anti-icing properties

Ziętkowska Katarzyna, Kozera Rafał, Przybyszewski Bartłomiej, Łabęda Anna, Boczkowska Anna, Sztorch Bogna, Przekop Robert E., Pilz Monika, Karl Christian W.

Composites Theory and Practice

2025

R. 25, nr 1

1--10

A guarantee of safe and efficient power production by the means of green energy sources is an extremely important task, necessary to the popularize environmental-friendly solutions. Ice accumulation and water droplet erosion are some serious obstacles to increasing the power output of the wind energy sector. A proposed solution to minimize the effects of severe weathering on composite wind turbine blades is the use of anti-icing hybrid coatings. One of the strategies is to utilize protective polyurethane coatings, none of which exhibit icephobic properties. In this paper waterborne polyurethane coatings modified with nanocompounds from the group of spherosilicates were investigated in terms of water repellent and anti-icing behavior. The roughness of the surface was measured as it significantly influences the aforementioned characteristics of the material. The hydrophobicity was evaluated by means of water contact angle (WCA) at room temperature, roll-off angle (RoA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) measurements. All of the modifiers increased the contact angle, modifying the reference material from hydrophilic to slightly hydrophobic. The ice adhesion strength (IA), which was used to characterize the icephobic behavior was decreased even by 45% in comparison to the unmodified reference material.

Anti-icing and hydrophobic performance of chemically modified waterborne polyurethane hybrid coatings

Kozera Rafał, Przybyszewski Bartłomiej, Ziętkowska Katarzyna, Łabęda Anna, Boczkowska Anna, Sztorch Bogna, Przekop Robert E., Karl Christian W., Pilz Monika

Composites Theory and Practice

2025

R. 25, nr 1

21--29

The problem of ice is evident in many industries, such as aviation, transport and energy. The accumulation of ice not only causes monetary losses, but also threatens safety. In the aviation industry, ice build-up leads to changes in aerodynamics as well as damage to parts and sensors. This in turn contributes to emergency landings, flight cancellations, the need to replace parts, and increased energy consumption. Ice build-up can be prevented by using active or passive systems. Due to the cost, time-consuming nature and environmental disadvantages of using active systems, the development of anti-icing coatings is becoming increasingly popular. In this work, an air spraying method was used to fabricate the sample. A waterborne polyurethane paint was applied to aluminum substrates. Modification of these coatings with functionalized organosilicon compounds was done. Compounds with the same core were used. The organosilicon compounds contained functional groups that direct hydro- and icephobic properties of the surface. Roughness, wettability (contact angle and roll-off angle) and ice adhesion force measurements were taken. Lower roll-off angle values were obtained for each of the chemical modifications. The reduction was more than 75%. On this basis, it can be concluded that the hydrophobic properties of the coatings were improved. A decrease in the ice adhesion force values was obtained, which demonstrated the favorable effect of the icephobic properties of the coatings. This reduction for two of the types of modification was more than 50% compared to the reference sample. The results of the roughness, wettability and ice adhesion were also linked, showing what relationships exist between them.