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Antropogenic transformation of nine lakes in Central Poland from Mesolithic to modern times in the light of Cladocera analysis

Szeroczyńska Krystyna

Studia Geologica Polonica

1998

Vol. 112

123--165

This paper reviews the influence of human economy of various settlement cultures on the state of lakes. The review was conducted on the basis of littoral and planktonic Cladocera forms in comparison with palynological data concerning the occurrence of synanthropic plants. The obtained results proved that management of resources by humans may be determined not only by means of changes in vegetation of lakeside, but through changes in the species composition of Cladocera in the lakes, as well. The diagrams show a distinct correlation between the curves reflecting changes in the occurrence of synanthropic plants and the frequency of Cladocera species showing increased trophy. A correlation was established between the share of the algae Pediastrum (mainly P. boryanum) and the Chydorus sphaericus count. A relationship was noted between the level of development of settlement cultures and the population size and the intensity of its influence on the eutrophication of lakes. It was also noted that the smaller the lake, the clearer the record of changes in trophy. It was shown that, among all the settlement cultures, the greatest influence on the state of the lakes was exerted by those of medieval and modern times, causing the greatest degradation. This influence resulted in accelerated eutrophication, and the main component of plankton became Bosmina longirostris and Chydorus sphaericus indicative of a high trophy.